Appendix B - Bushfire Hazard Assessment · RAL22/0006

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                                          TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0          INTRODUCTION......................................................................................1
       1.1   PURPOSE......................................................................................................................................1
       1.2   ASSESSMENT AREA .......................................................................................................................1
       1.3   NOOSA COUNCIL BUSHFIRE HAZARD OVERLAY.................................................................................3
       1.4   STATE PLANNING POLICY BUSHFIRE HAZARD OVERLAY .....................................................................4
       1.5   SURROUNDING LAND USES ............................................................................................................4
       1.6   TOPOGRAPHY ...............................................................................................................................5
       1.7   VEGETATION ................................................................................................................................7

2.0          BUSHFIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT ..........................................................10
       2.1   STATE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 10
             2.1.1       General ....................................................................................................................... 10
             2.1.2       Vegetation Hazard Classes ....................................................................................... 10
             2.1.3       Maximum Landscape Slope ...................................................................................... 11
             2.1.4       Fire Danger Index ...................................................................................................... 11

3.0          LOCAL HAZARD MAP ............................................................................12
       3.1   GENERAL .................................................................................................................................... 12
       3.2   PATCH AND CORRIDOR FILTERING ................................................................................................ 12
       3.3   CALCULATION OF POTENTIAL BUSHFIRE INTENSITY ........................................................................ 12

4.0          CONCLUSION ...................................................................................17

5.0          REFERENCES ...................................................................................18




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Disclaimer
This assessment has been prepared by Equilibrium Ecology Pty Ltd and may only be used and relied upon for the purposes set
out in this report. No responsibility is held to any person other than the Client for any decision or action arising from or in
connection with this report. All opinions and conclusions are based on assumptions detailed in this report and no responsibility
is held for any error or omission arising from these assumptions being incorrect.
This assessment has been based on site conditions present at the time of preparation and are relevant to the nature of the
development proposed. The assessment relies on current bushfire hazard assessment methodologies as described in this
report. These methodologies may not consider catastrophic bushfire events which may occur from time to time. By their
nature, bushfires are unpredictable, and no guarantee can be provided or should be assumed that the area will not be affected
by bushfire at some time. Landowners/occupants should be aware of the unpredictable nature of bushfire and potential
consequences of such events and should be responsible for their property and occupants by being prepared for extreme events
accordingly.
To the extent permitted by law, Equilibrium Ecology Pty Ltd excludes all liability to any person for any consequences, including
but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses, and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly, from using
this report (in part or whole) and any information or material contained in it.

Document Issue
 Version Number                            Date                                   Authorised for Issue
 1                                         4 May 2022                             N. Willis (B. Sc., Dip. CLM., mAABR,
                                                                                  mEIANZ) – Director/Principal Ecologist




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1.0     INTRODUCTION
1.1     PURPOSE
This Bushfire Hazard Assessment Report has been prepared to assess the degree of bushfire hazard and
associated risk acting on the proposed new allotment created from the subdivision of Lot 134 on MCH181
located at 74 Pender Creek Rd, Kin Kin (herein referred to as ‘the site’). The applicants are seeking an
approval for a Development Permit for a reconfiguration of a lot. Development Plans have been provided
as Appendix A. This assessment has been undertaken to determine the specific extent of bushfire hazard
acting on the proposed development.

The following documents prescribe the bushfire assessment measures utilised in Queensland and have
been drawn upon in the preparation of this report:
     Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience –– Bushfire State Planning Policy – state interest guidance
       material (The Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 2019)
     Bushfire Resilient Communities. Technical Reference Guide for the State Planning Policy State
       Interest ‘Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience - Bushfire’ (Queensland Fire and Emergency Services
       (QFES), 2019)

1.2     ASSESSMENT AREA
QFES (2019) defines the assessment area as the development footprint and all land within 150m of the
extent of the development footprint. The overall site is located within a semi-vegetated rural area and
covers approximately 56.2ha. The site is split by Pender Creek Road. The western extent of the site is
currently improved with a dwelling house, sheds and other associated infrastructure, whilst the eastern
site extent is unimproved.
As no new development is proposed within the western extent of the site (proposed Lot 2), this
assessment has been undertaken within 150m of proposed Lot 1. Lot 1 is dominated by improved pasture,
with small patches of degraded vine forest vegetation located flanking drainage lines and in distinct
patches on steeper slopes. The proposed new allotment is flanked by Pender Creek Road on the western
boundary and Strattons Road on the eastern boundary. Vegetated and semi-vegetated rural allotments
dominate the landscape surrounding Lot 1. Plate 1 depicts the existing site conditions within the
assessment area.




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Plate 1: Assessment Area (Source: QLD Globe)




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1.3     NOOSA COUNCIL BUSHFIRE HAZARD OVERLAY
The proposed development area is within a mapped Medium Potential Bushfire Intensity area and
associated Potential Impact Buffer area under the Noosa Plan 2020 (refer to Plate 2).




Plate 2: Noosa Plan 2020 Bushfire Hazard Overlay (Source: Noosa Intramaps)




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1.4      STATE PLANNING POLICY BUSHFIRE HAZARD OVERLAY
The proposed build location is within a mapped Medium Potential Bushfire Intensity area and associated
Potential Impact Buffer area under the State Planning Policy Bushfire Hazard Overlay (refer to Plate 3).




Plate 3: State Planning Policy bushfire hazard mapping (Source: SPP Mapping)


1.5      SURROUNDING LAND USES
The site is located within a rural landscape characterised by mixed land uses containing a mosaic of cleared
and vegetated areas. Semi-vegetated allotments dominate the landscape from the south-west to the
north-east. The western extent of the site (proposed Lot 2) is located to the west and north of Pender
Creek Road and is managed as a rural grazing property with large expanses of grazed pasture and low-
density woody vegetation. Surrounding land uses are depicted in Plate 4.




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Plate 4: Surrounding Land Uses (Source: QLD Globe)


1.6      TOPOGRAPHY
The proposed Lot 1 assessment area contains the northern extent of a low ridgeline which traverses in a
roughly north-south direction. The alluvial flats associated with a tributary to Pender Creek occupy the
western extent of proposed Lot 1. Lot 1 exhibits mixed aspect, with the eastern site extent exhibiting a
slight north-easterly aspect and the western extent exhibiting a westerly aspect. Slopes of approximately
6 degrees are present on the eastern side of the ridgeline, with steeper slopes of approximately 17
degrees present on the western side of the ridgeline. Lot 1 exhibits a maximum height of 101m AHD in
the south and descends to a low point of 59m AHD near the western boundary. Plates 5 & 6 depict
topography conditions surrounding the site.




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Plate 5: Topography/ Hill Shade (Source: QLD Globe)




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Plate 6: Topography (Source: Noosa Council Intramaps)

1.7     VEGETATION
A site assessment was undertaken on 28 April 2022. One dominant vegetation unit was recorded within
the 150m assessment area surrounding the proposed development area. The vegetation is dominated by
a vine forest community which has attained a height of approximately 20m and is dominated by a range
of vine forest species including Alphitonia petriei (pink ash), Acacia disparrima (hickory wattle), Jagera
pseudorhus (foam bark), Flindersia schottiana (bumpy ash), Mallotus philippensis (red kamala), Ficus spp.
(figs) and Glochidion ferdinandi (cheese tree). The woody weed species Cinnamomum camphora
(camphor laurel) is also prevalent throughout the vine forest and forms a dominant component in many
areas. The majority of vegetated areas within the site are currently impacted by livestock grazing and
therefore the understorey is sparse. Ground cover species including improved pasture such as
Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass), Brachiaria decumbens (signal grass) and Setaria sphacelata (South
African pigeon grass), with native grass species such as Oplismenus aemulus (forest beard grass) and
Ottochloa gracillima (graceful grass) also present. The vegetation community is analogous with
Vegetation Hazard Class 3.1 (VHC 3.1) which is described as Notophyll vine forest (QFES, 2019). Plate 7
depicts typical conditions within the vine forest vegetation adjacent to the proposed development area.




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Plate 7: Vine Forest Vegetation to the south of the development area


The remainder of the vegetation within the 150m assessment area is low threat grazed pasture with low
density woody vegetation (refer to Plat 8).




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Plate 8: Grazed pasture with low density vegetation




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2.0     BUSHFIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
2.1     STATE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
2.1.1   General
The Noosa Plan 2020 requires a site-specific bushfire hazard assessment to be undertaken when a
development site is located within a mapped Bushfire Hazard Area. Chapter 2, Part 1, Section 8, Item 4(a)
of the Planning Act 2016 states that ‘where there is an inconsistency between a State Planning Policy and
a local government planning instrument, a State Planning Policy applies instead of a local planning
instrument’. The SPP mapping is therefore used as the trigger for assessment against Council’s Bushfire
Hazard Overlay. Furthermore, the site-specific hazard mapping required by the Planning Scheme is to be
prepared consistent with the methodology adopted to prepare the SPP mapping.

The State government have described the methodology used to prepare the SPP mapping in the following
publications:
     Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience –– Bushfire State Planning Policy – state interest guidance
       material (The Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning, 2019)
     Bushfire Resilient Communities. Technical Reference Guide for the State Planning Policy State
       Interest ‘Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience - Bushfire’ (Queensland Fire and Emergency Services
       (QFES), 2019)

QFES, 2019 states that although state-wide bushfire prone area mapping is regularly updated, land use
and vegetation cover (key contributors to bushfire hazard) are subject to change, particularly regarding
the extent of hazardous vegetation. Accordingly, the first step of a bushfire hazard assessment is to
undertake a reliability assessment to determine whether the site’s observed characteristics are consistent
with the inputs used to create the mapping and the mapping outputs. A reliability assessment is therefore
undertaken for the site and all land within 150 metres of the proposed development.

The preparation of a Local Hazard Area Map has been undertaken for the site in accordance with the
methodology described in the above referenced documents. The input parameters used to determine the
bushfire hazard acting on the site are detailed in the sections below.

2.1.2   Vegetation Hazard Classes
Fuel loads need to be determined when preparing a bushfire hazard assessment. The QFES refers to the
process for identifying, classifying and mapping vegetation hazard classes as a Vegetation Hazard Class
Assessment. In accordance with the methodology outlined in Section 6 of the Bushfire Resilient
Communities (QFES, 2019), the following Vegetation Hazard Classes (VHC) were identified within the
assessment area (which includes a 150m buffer surrounding the proposed build location):
     VHC 3.1 – Notophyll vine forest – which is attributed a combined surface/near-surface fuel of 4.5t/ha
        and a total potential fuel load of 4.5t/ha
     VHC 40.4 – Continuous low grass or tree cover – which is attributed a combined surface/near-
        surface fuel of 4.5t/ha and a total potential fuel load of 5t/ha



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2.1.3 Maximum Landscape Slope
The vegetation within the west to south-west of the development area is located downslope of the
development area on moderate to steep slopes of 17 degrees. The vegetation to the south and east of
the development area is generally located across slope or upslope of the development area. Where the
slope under hazardous vegetation is located across slope, it is considered ‘upslope’ irrespective of the
slope of land between the site and the edge of the hazardous vegetation. Note that for the purposes of
undertaking a bushfire hazard assessment, where the topography is flat or where vegetation is located
upslope of an assessment site, a slope of 1 degree is required to be used to satisfy the mathematical
formula, however it has negligible impact on the calculations.

2.1.4   Fire Danger Index
The Queensland government produce a publicly available data package which includes selected inputs
and information used by the CSIRO in conjunction with the QFES to prepare the State-wide Bushfire
Hazard Area (Bushfire Prone Area) mapping (July 2014). The data includes Fire Weather Severity (Fire
Danger Index - FDI). A review of the dataset for the assessment area indicates that the site is located
within a band of FDI 46.




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3.0     LOCAL HAZARD MAP
3.1     GENERAL
The SPP reference documentation sets out the following methodology for preparing a Local Hazard Area
Map:
     Categorising the vegetation within the site in accordance with the vegetation hazard classes
        derived from QFES (2019) (Refer to Figure 1)
     Using the patch and corridor filtering process to remove narrow corridors and small patches of
        hazardous vegetation (Refer to Figure 1)
     Subdividing the identified vegetation hazard classes into bushfire hazard sub-units based on
        slope differences and vegetation hazard classes (Refer to Figure 2)
     Assigning SPP Potential Bushfire Intensity classes to the sub-units (Refer to Figure 2)
     Application of 100m Potential Impact Buffers to the amended sub-units to derive an overall Local
        Hazard Map (Refer to Figure 3)

3.2     PATCH AND CORRIDOR FILTERING
Section 4.2.6 of Bushfire Resilient Communities (QFES, 2019) outlines the patch and corridor filtering
process to modify potential intensity of small patches and corridors (based on Leonard et. al. 2017). The
process involves the following four stages:
      Remove small, isolated patches of a single Vegetation Hazard Class less than 1ha if they are
         further than 100m from any other continuous fuel greater than 2 hectares in size
      Downgrade the intensity of small patches (0.5 to 3 ha). This process downgrades the effective
         fuel load of continuous vegetation patches 0.5 to 2ha by 66%, and 2 to 3ha by 50% if they are
         completely surrounded by either no fuel or by discontinuous fuel further than 100m from any
         other continuous-fuel vegetation patch greater than 2 hectares in size
      Removing narrow corridors of vegetation less than 50m wide. These small patches are merged
         with surrounding vegetation by allocating a patch to the Vegetation Hazard Class that is most
         common to the patch boundary.
      Removing small patches of vegetation less than 0.5ha. These small patches are merged with
         surrounding vegetation by allocating a patch to the Vegetation Hazard Class that is most common
         to the patch boundary

3.3     CALCULATION OF POTENTIAL BUSHFIRE INTENSITY
The Potential Bushfire Intensity of each identified sub-unit has been calculated by inputting the site-
specific input parameters discussed in Section 2.1 into the FLAMESOL computer model. FLAMESOL uses
industry standard bushfire equations and allows numerous input variables to be adjusted including fuel
loads, fire danger index, site slope and distance to vegetation. Table 1 details the Potential Bushfire
Intensity classes and their corresponding potential fire-line intensity (KW/m) values as prescribed within
Leonard et. al. 2017. The Flamesol transcripts have been provided as Appendix B.




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Table 1 – Potential Bushfire Intensity Classes

 POTENTIAL BUSHFIRE INTENSITY                                   POTENTIAL FIRELINE INTENSITY

 Very High                                                      >40,000 kW/m

 High                                                           20,000-39,999 kW/m

 Medium                                                         4,000 – 19,999 kW/m

Figures 1-3 are presented below and have been prepared as per the above referenced methodology.




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BUSHFIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
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KIN KIN

FIGURE 1
VEGE

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT AREA
ses

'
Lene

| VHC 3.1 - NOTOPHYLL VINE FOREST

3 150m ASSESSMENT BUFFER

[__] vic 40.4- CONTINUOUS LOW GRASS &
TREE COVER

rraeee
DNS try

 

Page 18

 

 

Sub Unit 1 - VHC 40.4

 

BUSHFIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
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KIN KIN

 

FIGURE 2
HAZARD SUB-UNITS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LEGEND
|] proposeD DEVELOPMENT AREA
£7777} 150m ASSESSMENT BUFFER

| LOW POTENTIAL BUSHFIRE INTENSITY

 

 

 

 

Combined . .
Maximum | Potential .
| Surface and oe Potential
Fire Danger Total Fuel | Landscape | Fireline :
Near Surface . Bushfire
Index (FDI) Load (t/ha) Slope Intensity 7
Fuel Load (degrees) (kw/m) Intensity
(t/ha) °
46 4.5 5 17 2,073 Low
Sub Unit 2 - VHC 3.1
Combined Maximum | Potential .
| Surface and oo Potential
Fire Danger Total Fuel | Landscape | Fireline :
Near Surface . Bushfire
Index (FDI) Load (t/ha) Slope Intensity i;
Fuel Load (degrees) (kw/m) Intensity
(t/ha) 8
46 4.5 4.5 1 618 Low
Sub Unit 3 - VHC 3.1
Combined . .
Maximum | Potential '
. Surface and ok Potential
Fire Danger Total Fuel | Landscape | Fireline P
Near Surface . Bushfire
Index (FDI) Load (t/ha) Slope Intensity 7
Fuel Load (degrees) | (kw/m) Intensity
(t/ha) 5
46 4.5 4.5 17 1,866 Low

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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FIGURE 3
LOCAL HAZARD MAP

 

LEGEND

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT AREA

ae 150m ASSESSMENT BUFFER

[| LOW POTENTIAL BUSHFIRE INTENSITY

 

 

SOPYRIGHT © 2022

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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4.0     CONCLUSION

A bushfire hazard assessment has been completed for the proposed development area within Lot 134 on
MCH181 located at 74 Pender Creek Rd, Kin Kin. A Local Hazard Map has been prepared for the site
consistent with the State Planning Policy – Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience – Technical Manual. The
Local Hazard Map has identified that the proposed development and majority of the surrounding
landscape is located within a Low Potential Bushfire Intensity Area. As per the specifications of the State
Planning Policy, if a site-specific bushfire hazard assessment results in the site being contained within a
Low Hazard Area, no further action is required as the provisions of the Bushfire Hazard Overlay do not
apply.

Bushfire can be unpredictable and requires adequate preparatory planning and actions to be undertaken
to minimise impacts to property and potential loss of life. This assessment has been prepared with
consideration of site conditions observable at the time of inspection, the distance between the proposed
development and potentially hazardous vegetation, the extent of fragmentation occurring within the
landscape and the nature of the development proposed. The hazard assessment methodologies
described in this report are not based on assessments of catastrophic bushfire events which may occur
from time to time. The unpredictable nature of bushfires prevents any guarantee being provided that the
area will not be affected by bushfire at some time. Property owners and site users should be aware of the
potential consequences of such events and should take responsibility for the protection of property and
personnel accordingly.




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5.0     REFERENCES
Leonard, J., Opie, K. (2017). Estimating the potential bushfire hazard of vegetation patches and corridors.
An enhancement of Queensland’s methodology for State-wide mapping of bushfire prone areas. CSIRO
Land & Water, Australia.
Noosa Plan 2020 - Bushfire hazard overlay code and PSP8 Planning scheme policy for Natural Hazards.
Noosa Shire Council.
Queensland Fire and Emergency Services. (2019). Bushfire Resilient Communities - Technical Reference
Guide for the State Planning Policy - State Interest Guideline - Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience 2-
Bushfire.
The State of Queensland, Department of State Development, Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Planning
(2019). Natural hazards, risk and resilience - Bushfire State Planning Policy – state interest guidance
material.




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APPENDIX A – DEVELOPMENT PLAN




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APPENDIX B – FLAMESOL TRANSCRIPTS




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[OCR of page images]
EQUILIBRIUM ECOLOGY

 

 

PPA oom

AUSTRALIA

Calculated May 4, 2022, 8:49 am (MDc v.4.9)

VHC 3.1 - Across slope / Upslope

Minimum Distance Calculator - AS3959-2018 (Method

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fire Danger Index 46 Rate of spread 0.26 km/h
Vegetation classification Rainforest Flame length 2.26 m
Understorey fuel load 4.5 t/ha Flame angle 68 °, 74°, 80°, 84°, 85° & 89°
Total fuel load 4.5 t/ha Elevation of receiver 1m, 1.02 m, 1.01 m, 0.97 m, 0.93 m & 0.49 m
Vegetation height n/a Fire intensity 618 kW/m
Effective slope ae, Transmissivity 0.899, 0.894, 0.886, 0.874, 0.867 & 0.799
Site slope 22 Viewfactor 0.3889, 0.2895, 0.1916, 0.1269, 0.1025 & 0.0279
Flame width 100m
Windspeed n/a
Heat of combustion 18,600 k3/kg
Flame temperature 1,200 K
Rate of Spread - Mcarthur, 1973 & Noble et al., 1980
Flame length - NSW Rural Fire Service, 2001 & Noble et al., 1980
Elevation of receiver - Douglas & Tan, 2005
Flame angle - Douglas & Tan, 2005
Radiant heat flux - Drysdale, 1999, Sullivan et al., 2003, Douglas & Tan, 2005
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[OCR of page images]
EQUILIBRIUM ECOLOGY

 

 

FPA om

AUSTRALIA

Calculated May 4, 2022, 8:52 am (MDc v.4.9)

VHC 3.1 - 17 Degrees

 

Dray

 

Stance Calculator - AS3959-2018 (Method 2)

 

 

 

 

 

Fire Danger Index 46 Rate of spread 0.8 km/h
Vegetation classification Rainforest Flame length 5.75m
Understorey fuel load 4.5 t/ha Flame angle 67 °, 74°, 79 °, 83 °, 84° & 87°
Total fuel load 4.5 t/ha Elevation of receiver 2.52 m, 2.59 m, 2.57 m, 2.49 m, 2.41 m&1.67m
Vegetation height n/a Fire intensity 1,866 kw/m
Effective slope is Transmissivity 0.885, 0.874, 0.857, 0.836, 0.825 & 0.756
Site slope Pe Viewfactor 0.4026, 0.2946, 0.1975, 0.1333, 0.1084 & 0.0295
Flame width 100 m
Windspeed n/a
Heat of combustion 18,600 kJ/kg
Flame temperature 1,200 K
Rate of Spread - Mcarthur, 1973 & Noble et al., 1980
Flame length - NSW Rural Fire Service, 2001 & Noble et al., 1980
Elevation of receiver - Douglas & Tan, 2005
Flame angle - Douglas & Tan, 2005
Radiant heat flux - Drysdale, 1999, Sullivan et al., 2003, Douglas & Tan, 2005
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