2411-43615 SRA - Approved Document

Treatment options to improve safety of pedestrians, bicycle riders and other path users at driveways




Table 3.2.2 – Dimensions of splays to provide sight lines at driveways (flat gradients)

                                                                                Path type
                Assessment                    Direction     General use paths        Principal paths / paths
                                                            with even terrain¹         where grades >8%
 1. Desirable                                    X (m)                ≥5                         ≥5
 Path users travelling at comfortable
 speeds
        •    General use paths: 15 km/h
     •    Principal paths: 20 km/h²              Y (m)                ≥9                         ≥13
 Vehicle speed <5 km/h
 Minimum standard if regular heavy
 vehicles use
 2. Tolerable                                    X(m)                ≥2.5                       ≥2.5
 Path users travelling at reduced speeds.        Y(m)             7≤Y<9                      9 ≤ Y < 13
        •    General use paths: 12–15 km/h
     •    Principal paths: 15–20 km/h
 Vehicles must come to a complete stop.
 3. Deficient                                    X(m)                ≥2.5                       ≥2.5
 Sight lines provide adequate warning for        Y(m)             5≤Y<7                       7≤Y<9
 drivers or path users to avoid a crash,
 when path users travel at minimum
 speeds.
        •    General use paths: 10–12 km/h
     •    Principal paths: 12–15 km/h
 Vehicles must come to a complete stop.
 4. Highly deficient                             X(m)                <2.5                       <2.5
 Sight lines do not provide adequate             Y(m)                 <5                         <7
 warning for drivers or path users to avoid
 a crash, when path users travel at
 minimum speeds.
        •    General use paths: <10 km/h
     •     Principal paths: <12 km/h
 Sight lines do not provide adequate
 warning for drivers to avoid a crash.

¹Table assumes path approach gradients (longitudinal) of 0%. Y values can be adjusted for downhill approaches
consistent with Table 3.2.3.
²Where desirable speeds exceed 20 km/h, see Table 3.2.3 for stopping distances.

3.2.3       Stopping distance for bicycles

Path users travel at a wide range of speeds, with bicycle riders assumed to represent the upper end of
the speed range. SSD for path users has been estimated using stopping distances for bicycles,
explained by Equation 3.2.3.




Guideline, Transport and Main Roads, February 2021                                                          17