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Approved Document 3 of 3 Bushfire Management Plan Dec 2020 OPW20-0145 · OPW20/0145

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                                                     -

                                              NOOSA COUNCIL
                                            APPROVED DOCUMENT
                                           OPW20/0145 17 DEC 2020




BUSHFIRE MANAGEMENT PLAN
PROPERTY
28 Eenie Creek Road, Noosaville
Lot 3 on SP246584




Prepared for Stockwell Development Group
December 2020




+ Bushfire assessments
+ Property vegetation assessments
+ Site planning for bushfire
+ Property management for bushfire
+ Bushfire management plans
qldbushfireplanning.com.au
Full text of the other 23 pages

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Disclaimer
This document has been prepared for the benefit of Stockwell Development Company. This report is
prepared for the benefit of the named client only. No third party may rely upon any advice or work done
by Queensland Bushfire Planning (QBP) in relation to the services, including this report, except to the
extent expressly agreed to in writing by QBP.

It is acknowledged and agreed that the site may be subject to a degree of bushfire hazard. The client
acknowledges and agrees that QBP has not created or contributed to the creation of this hazard and the
client indemnifies QBP for claims arising out of or result from a bushfire event except to the extent
attributable to the negligence of QBP.

The client agrees that QBP shall have no liability in respect of any damage or loss incurred as a result of
bushfire. Compliance with this report shall be the responsibility of the client and/or the land-owners. This
disclaimer shall apply notwithstanding the report may be made available to the relevant Local
Government Authority and other persons for an application for permission or approval to fulfill a legal
requirement.




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Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.        INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
     1.1.            SITE DETAILS ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4
     1.2.            SITE HISTORY........................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.        SITE DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................................ 7
3.        PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................................ 9
4.        UNDERSTANDING BUSHFIRE HAZARD ........................................................................................................ 10
     4.1.     BUSHFIRE ATTACK ............................................................................................................................................................... 10
        4.1.1. Direct Flame Contact .....................................................................................................................................................11
        4.1.2. Ember Attack .....................................................................................................................................................................11
        4.1.3. Radiant Heat ......................................................................................................................................................................11
        4.1.4. Fire Driven Wind ..............................................................................................................................................................11
     4.2.     VEGETATION COMMUNITIES............................................................................................................................................... 12
     4.3.     TOPOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................................................................ 12
     4.4.     FIRE WEATHER..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
5.        BUSHFIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................. 13
6.        BUSHFIRE RISK MITIGATION ......................................................................................................................... 17
     6.1.     SITE ACCESS AND EGRESS ................................................................................................................................................... 17
     6.2.     BUSHFIRE BUFFERS/FIREBREAKS..................................................................................................................................... 20
     6.3.     WATER ................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
     6.4.     VEGETATION MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................................................. 21
        6.4.1. Internal .................................................................................................................................................................................21
        6.4.2. External ................................................................................................................................................................................22
     6.5.     CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS .............................................................................................................................................. 22
7.        CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 22


Appendices
Appendix 1




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1. INTRODUCTION
Queensland Bushfire Planning has been engaged on behalf of Stockwell Development Group to conduct a
site-based Bushfire Management Plan in relation to a Reconfiguration of Lot (1 Lot into 23) development at
28 Eenie Creek Road, Noosaville.

1.1. Site Details

Site Address                                          28 Eenie Creek Road, Noosaville
Local Government                                      Noosa Council
Real Property Description                             Lot 3 on SP246584
Zoning                                                Major Centre
Area of Site                                          31.73 ha
Tenure                                                Freehold
Applicant                                             Stockwell Development Group Pty Ltd
Current Land Use                                      Shopping Centre and Peripheral land
Proposed Land Use                                     Commercial, Residential, Mixed Use

1.2. Site History

Prior to 2003 the site had been partially cleared and enjoyed a range of uses. In 2003 an unplanned bushfire
burnt the entire site (Refer to Photographs in 2004 Bushfire Management Plan). There has been no burning,
planned or unplanned, on the site since 2003. The development that has occurred to date has effectively
eliminated the bushfire hazard from the north and west. Prior to 1990, the subject site was partly cleared
with some regrowth (Figure 1).




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                                           Figure 1

The Noosa Civic site, total area 72.76ha, has completed three (3) stages of development. The development
has included commercial, industrial and residential components. This has been largely in the north and west
of the site. The original Master Plan identified large areas of ecological significance which has been
quarantined by Council Park/Open Space or Environmental Covenant (Figure 2).




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                                            Figure 2


The entire area has enjoyed previous Bushfire Management Plans, and this is an update of these previous
plans and bushfire assessments. The entire precinct of Noosa Civic is under onsite management which
includes bushfire. There is an annual seasonal preparedness review that ensures all maintenance is current.
This will continue for all new aspects of bushfire associated with this proposed development including the
emergency access south of Lots 11-15.




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2. SITE DESCRIPTION
The site is located at 28 Eenie Creek Road, Noosaville and is described as Lot 3 on SP246584 within Noosa
Shire Council (Figure 3).




                                          Figure 3




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Lot 3 on SP246584 is currently zoned Major Centre (Figure 4).




                                          Figure 4




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3. PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT
The proposed development is Reconfiguration of Lot (1 Lot into 23). There are (5) development nodes
proposed in this application. The entire precinct is gently sloping towards Eenie Creek (Figure 5).




                                          Figure 5




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The proposed development areas have a range of exposures to bushfire risk as follows:
    • Area 1 (Lot 22) - Small cleared area (0.34ha) with no bushfire implications.
    • Area 2 (Lot 23) - Small area (<2ha) with cleared transmission easement separating the adjoining
        National Park. This site is mostly level land with gentle drainage to the north and south of a central
        ridge. The eastern boundary is a 25metre cleared and maintained power line easement. The
        northern boundary also has a 20metre cleared firebreak. There are bushfire risks associated with
        this area.
    • Area 3 (Lot 2) - Small area (0.8ha) mostly cleared, with no bushfire implications.
    • Area 4 (Lots 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10-15) - The area to be cleared does not include the environmental
        covenant strips along Walter Hay Drive and against the existing shopping centre. Also Lots 3 and 7
        will be retained as regrowth vegetation. There is exposure to hazard and risks to the south west,
        south and north from adjoining retained Council Park as well as minor risk from Lots 3 and 7.
    • Area 5 (Lots 17, 18, 19 & 21) - Small area (1.3ha) with minor exposure to retained watercourse
        covenant along narrow eastern edge. There are no bushfire implications for this node.

Overall, the proposed development reduces existing risks associated with the adjoining Noosa Civic
Shopping Centre.

4. UNDERSTANDING BUSHFIRE HAZARD
    Bushfires are an intrinsic part of Australia's environment. Natural ecosystems have evolved with fire
    and the landscape, along with its biological diversity, has been shaped by both historic and recent fires.
    Many of Australia's native plants are fire prone and very combustible, while numerous species depend
    on fire to regenerate. Indigenous Australians have long used fire as a land management tool and it
    continues to be used to clear land for agricultural purposes and to protect properties from intense,
    uncontrolled fires.

    Historically, bushfires have caused loss of life and significant damage to property. While naturally
    occurring bushfires cannot be averted, their consequences can be minimised by implementing
    mitigation strategies and reducing the potential impact to areas which are most vulnerable.

4.1. Bushfire Attack
     Bushfire attack refers to the various methods in which bushfire may impact upon life and property and
     principally encompasses (Figure 6):
         • Direct flame contact;
         • Ember attack;
         • Radiant heat; and
         • Fire-driven wind.




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                                     Figure 6

4.1.1. Direct Flame Contact
Direct flame attack refers to flame contact from the main fire front, the flame that engulfs burning
vegetation is the same flame that contacts the building. It is estimated that only 10 to 20 percent of
buildings lost to bushfire occur as a direct result of flame attack.

4.1.2. Ember Attack
CSIRO research has shown that ember attack is the cause of up to 80% of house loss in Australia.
The convective forces of bushfire raise burning embers into the atmosphere on prevailing winds and
deposit them to the ground ahead of the fire front. Typically, ember attack occurs approximately 30
minutes prior to the arrival of the fire front and continues during the impact of the fire front and for
several hours afterwards.

Building loss via ember attack relates largely to the vulnerabilities and peculiarities of each building,
its distance from the classifiable vegetation and whether someone is present to actively defend the
building.

4.1.3. Radiant Heat
Measured in kilowatts per m2, radiant heat is the heat energy released from the fire front which
radiates to the surrounding environment, deteriorating rapidly over distance. In terms of impacts on
buildings, radiant heat can pre-heat materials making them more susceptible to ignition. Radiant heat
can also damage building materials such as window glazing, allowing openings into a building
through which embers may enter.

4.1.4. Fire Driven Wind
The convective forces of a bushfire typically result in strong fire-driven winds, which can lead to
building damage. The typical effects of fire driven wind include conveyance of embers, damage from
branches and debris hitting the building, as well as direct damage to vulnerable building components,
such as lifting roofs and the breakage of windows.




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4.2. Vegetation Communities
        The Australian bush varies greatly around the country. There are regions of open woodlands,
        grassland savannas, dense rainforest. Different types of vegetation burn differently. Generally, fuel
        is classified as being fine (grasses and twigs that are less than 6 millimetres in diameter) or heavy
        (branches, logs or stumps). Finer fuels burn more easily, increasing the spread of the fire. Another
        key factor is fuel moisture content, or how dry the fuel is. The drier the fuel, the more easily it will
        burn. The dryness of the fuel depends on seasonal rainfall and temperatures.

4.3. Topography
        Fires burn faster uphill. This is due to the radiation and convection a fire creates preheating the fuel.
        A 10-degree increase in slope results in a doubling of the speed of the fire. Fire will spread up a 10-
        degree slope two times as fast as it will along flat ground (Figure 7).

        The aspect of a slope (direction that a sloping piece of land is facing) influences a fire's
        behaviour. Northern and western aspects receive more direct heat from the sun, drying both the soil
        and the vegetation more than on southern or eastern slopes. The fuels on northern and western
        aspects are often drier and less dense than fuels on slopes with a different aspect.




                                                      Figure 7


4.4. Fire Weather
         Fire weather affects bushfire risk levels on a daily, weekly or seasonal basis. The South-east
         Queensland weather pattern is dominated by a maritime effect. The most common winds are
         southeast and northeast, the latter being very common during the summer months as an afternoon sea
         breeze. The most severe fire weather in the area is associated with a northwest wind generated on
         the back of a high pressure system moving slowly from west to east or from a situation where there
         is intense low pressure activity in the southeast of Australia extending a trough into southern
         Queensland (Just, 1978). However, the frequency of these situations in the region is low, being
         generally of the order of one to two days or fewer per year. The exception can occur in bad fire
         seasons when fuel conditions are very dry as a result of prolonged dry periods. In Queensland, these
         bad fire seasons occur about once a decade and are infrequent when compared with the fire situation
         that prevails frequently in southern Australia.




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      Whilst an assessment of vegetation types, fuel loads, effective slope and other factors can be readily
      undertaken, fire weather can fluctuate across days, weeks and seasons and can have a significant
      impact on the potential for bushfire threat, as well as influence bushfire behaviour and intensity. The
      Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) is a commonly used method to readily advise the community of the
      likely ability of fire suppression based on fire weather, which is used to inform the Fire Danger Rating
      (FDR) System (Figure 8). It is important to maintain awareness as to the level of local fire danger
      during the fire season.
  .




                                                Figure 8

5. BUSHFIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT
  The State Government Single State Planning Policy (SPP) released in 2017, includes mapping that is an
  outcome of the new bushfire hazard mapping methodology, developed by the CSIRO and the Queensland
  Government. The new Bushfire Prone Area mapping was found to have an average reliability of 85%.
  The new methodology provides a major improvement in bushfire hazard mapping.

  The new modified approach calculates potential fire line intensity using total fuel loads, landscape slope
  and fire weather severity. A default 100-metre buffer was determined from analysis of heat and radiation
  decay curves and research that indicates 80% of housing loss and 80% of life loss occurred within 100
  metres of bushland.

  The subject site is identified on the State Planning Policy Natural Hazards Risk and Resilience mapping
  Hazard Overlay as being within the n high and very high hazard zone, requiring the bushfire hazard
  impacts be addressed (Figure 9).




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Onsite inspection and assessment confirm the following:
   • With the development of the (5) nodes the only hazardous vegetation remaining will be the small
         areas of environmental covenants and the isolates of Lots 3 and 7. They are too small to be
         considered a significant risk to the development or surrounds.
   • The Open Space/Parklands to the south of the development is high hazard with considerable fuel
         loads. This area burnt in 2003 and will burn again unless the fuel loads are managed.
   • The lands to the east are National Park and high hazard. This land will burn from time to time.
         It is possible for some ember attack to impact Area 2. The presence of Walter Hay Drive is a
         major separation for most of the site from the eastern National Park. Area 2 has exposure to
         bushfire but the power line clearing provides protection and there is only a narrow, small area of
         National Park to the north.

The next stages of development include the clearing of those nodes of expansion (Figure 10). Two areas,
Lot 3 (4.261ha) and Lot 7 (2.963ha) will be retained in the interim as regrowth vegetation. The extent of
clearing proposed for this Reconfiguration of Lot (ROL) is restricted to the areas of development and
necessary roads and firebreaks.




                                                             Bushfire Planning Specialists | qldbushfireplanning.com.au

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    The connection of Hofmann Drive to Walter Hay Drive improves access and provides protection for the
    internal development north of Hofmann Drive. The construction of the link road from Lot 9 up to Lot 2
    will provide additional access. There is also a 6m access track around the western edge of Covenant J.

    Overall, the risk of a damaging bushfire threatening the nodes of development is restricted to the external
    vegetation south and south west of the development in Area 4. The National Park to the east and north of
    Area 2 also present a risk. It is possible for a nuisance fire to develop on Lots 3 and 7, but with very
    small areas surrounded by access and firebreaks this situation is easily controlled. It may be possible in
    the future to conduct a fuel reduction burn on these two areas.

6. BUSHFIRE RISK MITIGATION
There are no bushfire risk mitigation requirements for Areas 1, 3 and 5.

6.1. Site Access and Egress
     The intent of design requirements for roads is to provide safe egress for residents and access for attending
     firefighting vehicles. A road system that is compliant with guideline measures provides fire services with
     easier access to buildings, a safe retreat for firefighters and residents, and can provide a fire control line
     where hazard reduction and back burning can take place. In determining safe access to a site,
     consideration is given to the fire brigade vehicles which are required to access public and private roads.
     Given the size of these vehicles and the poor visibility in which they often operate, roads need to be
     designed to specific requirements, including road width, grade, cross-fall, weight capacity, passing bays
     and turnaround areas, all of which may vary depending on whether it is a perimeter, access, cul-de-sac or
     battle-axe road type.

    AREA 4
    The link off Hofmann Drive to Walter Hay Drive provides a major improvement for emergency access
    to the site. The construction for the road between Lots 3 and 7 and access along the western boundary
    of Lot 3 provide confidence that any risk is easily contained.

    A 6m emergency access along the southern boundary of Lots 12-15 to link Hofmann Drive with Walter
    Hay Drive is proposed. This access has been reviewed by engineering and the access to Walter Hay Drive
    confirmed by Barlow & Shelley (see Engineering Drawings). The management of this access will be by
    the Noosa Civic Centre Management under covenant. The total width of low threat land will be 20 metres
    along the southern boundaries of Lots 11 – 15. There will also be a 10-metre firebreak along the northern
    boundary of Lots 4, 5, 6 and 8 (Figure 11).




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AREA 2
The presence of Eenie Creek Road and Walter Hay Drive removes any further actions from north,
west and south. The existing management access under the power line is connected to Walter Hay
Drive and to the 3m bikeway to the north. It is proposed to construct an emergency access along the
eastern extent of Lot 23 to connect with Walter Hay Drive. This will ensure a safe exit should there
be any threat from the National Park to the east. Internally, any development design would include a
perimeter road around the eastern and northern boundary to provide adequate separation to achieve
the maximum construction standard of BAL 29 under AS3959-2018.

Emergency access crossings will be constructed on Walter Hay Drive northwest of the 250W
powerline. The existing management access under the power line is connected to Walter Hay Drive
and to the 3m bikeway in the north. There will be emergency pedestrian access constructed out to
the existing bikeway to the north to provide access to the existing Noosa Civic Shopping Centre.
This has been confirmed as achievable over the existing stormwater device (Figure 12).




                                        Figure 12




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6.2. Bushfire Buffers/Firebreaks
AREA 4
Walter Hay Drive provides a substantial buffer from the National Park to the east. The zone adjoining the
Council Park at Lots 12 – 15 requires a 20m buffer from development. The land will be cleared and used for
car parks and access. No building can be constructed in this area. This will include a 6-metre emergency
access linking Hofmann Drive with Walter Hay Drive (Refer to Figure 11).

This 20-metre separation will be achieved with 6m emergency access established along the southern boundary
of Lots 11-15 linking Hofmann Drive with Walter Hay Drive. This access has been reviewed by engineering
and the access to Walter Hay Drive confirmed by Barlow & Shelley (Figure 13). Access will be maintained
via an easement and management of this access will be the responsibility of Lot 1 (Noosa Civic Shopping
Centre). There will also be a 10m firebreak along the northern boundary of Lots 4, 5, 6 and 8 (Refer to Figure
11).




                                                 Figure 13

AREA 2
It is proposed to have an emergency access constructed along the north western extent of Lot 23 to connect
with Walter Hay Drive. Emergency access crossings will be constructed within the road reserve of Walter
Hay Drive, northwest of the 250W Powerline. The existing management access under the power line is
connected to Walter Hay Drive and to the 3m bikeway in the north (Refer to Figure 12).




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The small area of National Park to the north of the subject site (i.e. 1ha) would benefit from a periodic (every
7-10 years) cooperative hazard reduction burn. This is not essential but National Parks have a responsibility
to abate the hazard and have indicated willingness to list the area for treatment. It is essential that the area
under the power line be managed as manicured grassland as is the current practice. Perimeter roading along
the eastern and northern edges of the development will confirm adequate separation.

6.3. Water
Providing a sufficient water supply provides firefighters and residents with the appropriate levels of water to
undertake building defense. There are two options in which a house site can be supplied with a sufficient
water supply; from either reticulated water accessible via a hydrant, or a dedicated static water supply.

The entire estate will have reticulated water with appropriate fire hydrants. It would be prudent to have a fire
hydrant with standpipe for compatible filling with National Park and Local Rural Fire appliances. The siting
of this water stand would be best decided following discussion with the agencies involved.

AREA 4
Lots 12 to 15 will each have a fire hydrant along the frontage of each Lot. Two fire hydrant standpipes will
be established along the 6m emergency access behind Lots 12 to 15 Lots. These hydrants will be accessible
for firefighting appliances (i.e., accessible from the emergency 6m access road) (Refer to Figure 13).

6.4. Vegetation Management
Onsite vegetation and landscape management are important to maintaining low hazard conditions by:
        • Limiting fuel accumulation;
        • Reducing connectivity of fuels;
        • Establishing and maintaining defendable space;
        • Appropriate landscaping; and
        • The proposed lot size of the development will constrain the development of any additional
            bushfire hazard.

The potential for an unplanned vegetation fire to occur within retained vegetation is a function of the level of
hazard and the opportunity for ignition and fire development. The risk can be quantified in two parts:
    • Internal
    • External

        6.4.1. Internal
        The fuel loads of the environmental covenants should be monitored and managed to <8 tonne/ha.
        This can be achieved by mechanical means or where attached to larger adjoining park it may be
        achieved by hazard reduction burning. This will be managed by the Noosa Civic Centre Management
        (Lot 1) .

        Fuel loads in native bushland are described as surface; near surface; elevated and bark/canopy. The
        control of surface and near surface fuels by mechanical means removes the elevated and canopy fuels
        that are necessary to support and sustain a high intensity vegetation fire. The use of appropriate
        planned burning will achieve the same outcome. Mechanical control and the use of planned burning
        will prevent high intensity fire while maintaining the structural integrity and broad bio - diversity of
        the vegetation.




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        The fuel loads in Lots 3 and 7 should be monitored and would benefit from a periodic hazard
        reduction burn at 7 to 10year intervals. The management of this access will be by the Noosa Civic
        Centre Management.

        Lots 12 to 15 – 20m buffer - The proposed APZ’s (Asset Protection Zones) will be covered by a
        detailed management condition that includes an annual preparedness timetable and maintenance plan.
        This will include acceptable uses an exclusions e.g. concrete parking bays or similar is acceptable.
        Any vegetation required to stabilise the batter of the hardstand structure will be maintained in a
        manicured state.

        It is normal practice to reduce the bushfire hazard and risk to meet Council’s Bushfire Overlay Code.
        The retention of Lots 3 and 7 only add a minor risk due to their small size and the presence of
        surrounding access and therefore provides an acceptable outcome.

        6.4.2. External
        The vegetation in the National Park north of Area 2 should be considered for a cooperative hazard
        reduction burn with National Parks. This would only be required on a once in 7-10-year cycle. This
        has been discussed with a local National Parks Ranger and has received his support. The entire Park
        area south to Eenie Creek should also have management that would include hazard reduction burning.
        This is not required for this ROL nevertheless is good practice.

6.5. Construction Standards
The provision of a low threat separation of up to 20m, with access, and adjoining vegetation with fuel loads
of 20+tonnes/ha, confirm that proposed uses will be required to be constructed under AS3959-2018 to
Bushfire Attack Levels (BAL) of 29. Less for those lots with greater separation distances.



7. CONCLUSIONS
This report considers the bushfire mitigation measures required for 28 Eenie Creek Road, Noosaville,
described as Lot 3 on SP246584. The proposed extension of the previously approved development will
materially improve the bushfire safety for the entire precinct by increased access and management. The SPP
Hazard Mapping confirms the need for a set of mitigating actions to ensure the safety of people and property.
The details in section four of this Bushfire Management Plan confirm the capacity to comply with the current
Noosa Plan Natural Hazards Overlay Code.

Based on this assessment, a range of recommendations has been derived. In addition, it is significant to
note that bushfire remains a natural process which is endemic to the Australian bush and it remains subject to
a range of contributing factors which are variable on a daily and hourly basis. It is extremely difficult to
predict the behaviour and intensity of a fire event at any given time. Therefore, it remains of the upmost
importance that residents within identified bushfire prone areas obtain knowledge and remain aware of their
options in the event of a bushfire to ensure the preservation of both life and property.




                                                                 Bushfire Planning Specialists | qldbushfireplanning.com.au

Page 23

218-230 Chambers Flat Rd, Waterford West | Page 23

BIISHF

 

 

Page 24

                                                                                                Noosa Civic | Page 24




Appendix 1
About the Report Author

                                        This Report was prepared by Bushfire Specialist Bernard
                                        Trembath. Bernard has extensive practical knowledge and
                                        experience in bushfire planning and management and an intimate
                                        working knowledge of Queensland vegetation and climate,
                                        particularly in relation to fire prediction and behaviour.

                                          Prior to establishing Queensland Bushfire Planning in 2014,
                                          Bernard was the Regional Manager Rural Operations, Brisbane
                                          Region, for Queensland Fire and Emergency Services (QFES). As
                                          Regional Manager, Bernard was responsible for bushfire mitigation
                                          within the Brisbane Region, working with Local Governments and
many other organisations to help reduce the impacts of bushfires. Bernard was also the QFES bushfire
planning specialist, providing specialist bushfire planning and management advice on behalf of QFES.

Since 2014, Bernard has provided his specialist bushfire planning knowledge to advise and assist a large
number of individuals, companies and government agencies. His happy clients include:




                                                                Bushfire Planning Specialists | qldbushfireplanning.com.au

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