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Reference Document - RAL26 0015 - Bushfire Hazard Assessment (As Published) · RAL26/0015
BUSHFIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN v2
434 Lake Cooroibah Rd Lake Cooroibah, QLD
J001445
Franz Enterprises Pty Ltd
May 2026
NOOSA COUNCIL
REFERENCE DOCUMENT
RAL26/0015
PO Box 385 Peregian Beach QLD 4573
Document Set ID: 24816699 ABN 60 625 108 625
Version: 1, Version Date: 25/05/2026
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Bushfire Hazard Assessment & Management Plan v2 NCES REF: J001445
434 Lake Cooroibah Rd Lake Cooroibah, QLD
DOCUMENT CONTROL
Document: Bushfire Hazard Assessment & Management Plan
Client: Franz Enterprises Pty Ltd
Project Number: J001445
Project: 1 into 2 Reconfiguration of a Lot
Site: Lot 78 on SP116879
434 Lake Cooroibah Rd Lake Cooroibah, QLD
File Ref: C:\CLIENTS\FRANZ ENTERPRISES PTY LTD - 434 Lake Cooroibah Road,
Cooroibah\04 REPORTING\Bushfire Hazard Assessment and Management Plan v2
- 434 Lake Cooroibah Rd Lake Cooroibah v1.docx
Version Date Distribution Author/s Approved
1 19/03/2026 J. Lewis Joshua Lee Joshua Lee
J. Franz (B. Sc. AES, mFPA, (B. Sc. AES, mEIANZ)
mESA) - Director
- Director
2 08/05/2026
DISCLAIMER
To the extent permitted by law, North Coast Environmental Services (including its employees, partners and consultants) excludes
all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses, and any other
compensation, arising directly or indirectly, from using this publication (in part or whole) and any information or material contained
in it.
This report has been prepared for the purpose of bushfire hazard assessment and/or ecological survey as described herein. The
assessment is limited to:
• Vegetation classification and mapping
• Flora and fauna survey observations (where applicable)
• Bushfire hazard assessment and BAL determination (where applicable)
This report does not constitute:
• Consent to clear vegetation
• A contamination assessment
• A pollution investigation
• An environmental impact statement
• Advice regarding soil contamination, acid sulfate soils, hazardous materials, water quality, or environmental remediation
• Design of erosion, sediment, drainage, or pollution control systems
No representation is made regarding the presence or absence of contaminants, pollutants, or environmental hazards not
specifically identified within the defined scope of services.
Any reliance on this report for purposes outside the stated scope is at the user’s own risk.
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Contents
1 INTRODUCTION 5
1.1 BACKGROUND 5
1.2 DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL 5
2 SITE DESCRIPTION 6
2.1 GENERAL 6
3 DESKTOP INFORMATION 8
3.1 STATE PLANNING POLICY BUSHFIRE INTENSITY OVERLAY MAP 8
3.2 VEGETATION 8
3.2.1 BRC VEGETATION HAZARD CLASSES 8
3.3 TOPOGRAPHY 9
3.4 FOREST FIRE DANGER INDEX (FFDI) 10
4 HAZARD ASSESSMENT 11
4.1 HAZARD ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 11
4.2 VEGETATION HAZARD CLASSES (VHC’S) 12
4.3 BUSHFIRE HAZARD SUB-UNITS 14
4.3.1 PATCH AND CORRIDOR FILTERING 14
4.3.2 FLAMESOL MODELLING 14
4.4 LOCAL HAZARD MAP 15
5 BUSHFIRE RISK ASSESSMENT 18
5.1 GENERAL 18
5.2 LIKELIHOOD OF BUSHFIRE IMPACT 18
5.3 CONSEQUENCES OF IMPACT 19
6 BUSHFIRE MANAGEMENT MEASURES 21
6.1 GENERAL 21
6.2 ASSET PROTECTION ZONES 21
6.3 WATER SUPPLY 22
6.4 FIRE BREAKS/FIRE BREAK TRAILS 23
6.5 VEHICLE ACCESS AND ROADS 23
6.6 LANDSCAPING AND REGROWTH 24
6.7 GENERAL PROPERTY MAINTENANCE 24
7 AUSTRALIAN STANDARD 3959:2018 CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS IN
BUSHFIRE PRONE AREAS (AS 3959:2018) SETBACKS 26
8 LEGISLATION AND OVERLAYS 27
8.1 NOOSA PLAN 2020 – NATURAL HAZARDS OVERLAY CODE 27
8.2 STATE PLANNING POLICY – NATURAL HAZARDS, RISK AND RESILIENCE 31
9 CONCLUSIONS 33
9.1 CERTIFICATION MATTERS 33
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10 REFERENCES 34
APPENDIX 1 – PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT 35
APPENDIX 2 – VEGETATION HAZARD CLASS DESCRIPTIONS 36
APPENDIX 3 – FLAMESOL OUTPUTS 41
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
This Bushfire Hazard Assessment and Management Plan (BHAMP) has been prepared to assess
the bushfire risk associated with a proposed 1 into 2 Reconfiguration of a Lot development
application over Lot 78 on SP116879 - 434 Lake Cooroibah Rd Lake Cooroibah, QLD.
1.2 Development Proposal
The existing battle axe lot is proposed to be subdivided into 2 rural residential lots. The existing
house in the far east of the site next to Lake Cooroibah will be retained in Lot 8. A new lot; Lot 7, will
be created in the west of the site. No dwellings are currently present in proposed Lot 7. A building
envelope has been nominated in the far north-west corner of Lot 7.
Both lots will be accessed via the existing driveway.
Pressurized municipal town water is not available to the site.
The Plan of Development is provided as Appendix 1.
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2 SITE DESCRIPTION
2.1 General
Location – 434 Lake Cooroibah Rd, Lake Cooroibah, QLD. Western foreshore of Lake Cooroibah.
Area – 3.05ha
Zoning – Rural residential – Noosa Plan 2020.
Land Use – Rural residential. House located in far east next to the Lake. Small shed and dam present
in near centre of site. 2 x larger dams present in north-east of site. Small patches of bushland within
the east of the site surrounded by low threat cleared conditions. Non-vulnerable subdivision use
proposed.
Surrounding Land Use - The site is surrounded by partially cleared lots to the north and south on the
east side of Lake Cooroibah Rd. Bushland present along Lake foreshore. An expansive area of
bushland is contained in the Great Sandy National Park to the west beyond Lake Cooroibah Rd.
No grazing stock animals were observed hence grassland maintenance relies upon mechanical
control.
Plate 1 depicts existing conditions within the site and Plate 2 provides a broader context.
Plate 1 – Site Conditions (Source: BRC Mapviewer)
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Plate 2 – Local Conditions (Source: BRC Mapviewer)
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3 DESKTOP INFORMATION
3.1 State Planning Policy Bushfire Intensity Overlay Map
Plate 3 identifies the following State Planning Policy (SPP) Potential Bushfire Intensity (PBI) areas
are mapped within the site:
• High Potential Bushfire Intensity; and
• Potential Impact Buffer
Proposed Lot 7 is primarily captured in the mapped High Potential Bushfire Intensity area.
Plate 3 – SPP Potential Bushfire Intensity (PBI) areas overlay
3.2 Vegetation
3.2.1 BRC Vegetation Hazard Classes
The Bushfire Resilient Communities (BRC) Map Viewer identifies the following Vegetation Hazard
Classes (VHCs) within and adjacent to the site:
• 9.1 Moist to dry eucalypt open forests on coastal lowlands and ranges;
• 22.1 Melaleuca open forests on seasonally inundated lowland coastal swamps;
• 40.4 Low grass or tree cover in rural areas;
• 41.4 Low grass or tree cover in built-up area;
• 42.6 Nil to very low vegetation cover; and
• 43.6 Water bodies or very low vegetation cover
The extent of the mapped VHC 9.1 and 22.1 is detailed in Plate 4. Note, VHCs 40.4, 41.4 and 42.6
are not identified in the BRC overlay screenshot but have been approximated from the overlay.
The observed composition of VHCs is detailed in Section 3.2 Vegetation Hazard Classes.
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9.1
22.1
43.6
41.4
40.4
Plate 4 – BRC mapped VHCs (Source: BRC Map Viewer)
3.3 Topography
The slope of land is a major determinant of fire behaviour. Fire burns faster as it travels upslope via
preheating of unburnt fuels ahead of the fire front which increases the rate of spread and fireline
intensity. Conversely, fires move more slowly as they travel downslope. Fireline intensity is a function
of the rate of spread (QFES 2019).
The site and surrounding landscape is positioned on near level to undulating coastal plain. The
natural landform gradually inclines to the west away from the Lake Cooroibah foreshore. A small hill
is present in the far east of the site where the existing dwelling is located and also to the north of the
site.
There are no major topographical landforms which shield the site from prevailing winds.
Plate 5 depicts topography conditions within and adjacent to the site.
Plate 5 – Site Topography (Source: QLD Globe)
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3.4 Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI)
The McArthur Forest Fire Danger Index (or FFDI) is a weather based fire danger index used for
bushfire hazard assessments, emergency management and in regulations such as the Australian
Standard 3959–2018 Construction of buildings in bushfire-prone areas. The index integrates the
combined effect of a range of weather variables including long-term dryness, recent precipitation,
current wind speed, relative humidity and temperature. The FFDI tells us how dangerous the fire
weather is on a given day and therefore changes from season to season and week to week. FFDI
ranges from 0-100+ and informs Fire Danger ratings as follows:
• 0-11 -No rating
• 12-23 – Moderate
• 24-49 –High
• 50-99 – Extreme
• 100+ Catastrophic
The FFDI is equivalent to a 5% annual exceedance probability (i.e. 5% chance of occurring in any
given year).
A FFDI of 47 has been assigned to the site by QFES (BRC Map Viewer Forest Fire Danger Rating
h20 layer (refer Plate 6)). This means there is a 1 in 20 chance (i.e. 5%) in any given year that the
FFDI will exceed 47 at the site.
Plate 6 – FFDI Rating h20 (Source: QFES BRC Map Viewer)
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4 HAZARD ASSESSMENT
4.1 Hazard Assessment Methodology
The Noosa Plan requires that a site-specific bushfire hazard assessment be prepared to assess the
degree of bushfire hazard acting on a development site which is proposed within a mapped
Designated Bushfire Hazard Area.
The SPP Bushfire Prone Area mapping prevails over the Noosa Plan Bushfire Hazard Area mapping
with respect to the currency of the methodology adopted to prepare the mapping. Accordingly, the
site-specific hazard mapping required by the Bushfire Hazard Overlay Code is to be prepared
consistent with the methodology adopted to prepare the SPP mapping.
The methodology used to prepare the SPP mapping is described in:
• Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning’s Natural Hazards, Risk and
Resilience –– Bushfire (December 2019) State Planning Policy – state interest guidance
material; and
• Queensland Fire and Emergency Services - (2019) Planning for Bushfire Resilient
Communities.
Site-specific hazard maps are referred to as Local Hazard Area Maps in the SPP documents. The
preparation of Local Hazard Area Maps has been undertaken for the site in accordance with the
methodology described in the above-mentioned documents.
A Local Hazard Area Map was prepared by adopting the following methodology:
• Categorizing the vegetation within the site in accordance with the vegetation hazard classes
derived from QFES (2019);
• Subdividing the identified vegetation hazard classes into bushfire hazard sub-units based on
slope differences and vegetation hazard classes. All upslope and across slope vegetation
units are allocated an underlying slope of 1 degree as per methodology prescribed within
Queensland Fire and Emergency Services - (2019) Planning for Bushfire Resilient
Communities. The maximal slope recorded within 25m x 25m grids within the VHC’s is
adopted as the effective slope underlying the VHC. A conservative approach is adopted
where multiple slopes persist within VHC’s.
• Assigning SPP Potential Bushfire Intensity classes to the remaining sub-units;
• Using the patch and corridor filtering process under Section 4.2.6 of the BRC to remove /
downgrade narrow corridors and small patches of hazardous vegetation1;
• Application of 100m Potential Impact Buffers to the amended sub-units to derive an overall
Local Hazard Area Map.
1 The patch and corridor filtering process to remove or downgrade hazard levels of small patches and narrow corridors involves the
following three stages:
• Merging small patches of a single Vegetation Hazard Class less than 0.5 ha;
• Merging small Vegetation Hazard Class patches between 0.5 and 1 ha with higher or moderate fuel loads (greater than 8
tonnes/ha); and
• Removing narrow corridors of vegetation less than 50m wide through a process of patch erosion and dilation. These small
patches are merged with surrounding vegetation by allocating a patch to the Vegetation Hazard Class that is most common to
the patch boundary (Leonard et al., 2017).
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4.2 Vegetation Hazard Classes (VHC’s)
The vegetation which contributes to bushfire hazard is classified into Vegetation Hazard Classes
(VHC’s) according to a modified version of Queensland’s broad vegetation groups. VHC’s are
assigned a prone type, which is a categorical indicator of the status of a VHC with respect to its
capacity to support a significant bushfire. The prone type categories are:
• Forest or Shrub fires (1)
• Grassland fires (2)
• Low hazard (3).
The following vegetation hazard classes were identified within the 150 m assessment area:
• 9.1 Moist to dry eucalypt open forests on coastal lowlands and ranges (Prone Type 1)
• 22.1 Melaleuca open forests on seasonally inundated lowland coastal swamps (Prone Type
1)
• 41.4 Low grass or tree cover in built-up area (Prone Type 3) ;
• 42.6 Nil to very low vegetation cover (Prone Type 3); and
• 43.6 Water bodies or very low vegetation cover
The characteristics of the identified vegetation hazard classes are described in Appendix 2.
No woody vegetation clearing is proposed under the application hence the extent and composition
of observed pre-development VHCs is not expected to change post development. Preparation of a
post development VHC map was therefore deemed unnecessary.
The distribution of VHCs across the assessment area is described on:
• Plan BF01 –Vegetation Hazard Classes.
The extent of vegetation depicted in BF01 has been utilised to formulate the Local Hazard Maps
presented herein.
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LEGEND he Site 150m Assessment Buffer VHC 22.1 Melalueca open forests on seasonally inundated lowland coastal swamps Moist to dry eucalypt open forest on coastal lowlands and ranges us low grass or tree cover in built up areas VHC 42.6 Nil to very low vegetation cover VHC 43.6 - Vegetation Hazard Class 43.6 Nil to very low vegetation cover and waterbodies North Coast Ee STU NORTH MA szergarerta cucu neankteno% [BUSHFIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT Franz Enterprises Pty Ltd PRE DEVELOPMENT VHC'S Jo01445 BFOL A Services en 00°25 10025 |A34 | ake Cooroibah Rd Lake Cooroibah, QLD [aa ro] eee ° 1:2500 @ A3 Environmental Management Consultants 2 PETALS DAE - HOLE WITHOUT THE VRITTEN CONSENT OF NOES. Document Set ID: 24816699 Version: 1, Version Date: 25/0:
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4.3 Bushfire Hazard Sub-Units
Plan BF02 – Sub-Units divides the assessment area into sub units based on in-situ slope and VHC
conditions. The patch and corridor filtering process detailed in BRC 2019 Section 4.2.6 was then
applied to any eligible sub units. Flamesol modelling was undertaken for each remaining sub unit
host to Prone Type 1 bushfire prone vegetation to determine its Potential Bushfire Intensity class.
Prone Type 2 (Grassland fire) VHCs including VHC 40.4 & Prone Type 3 (Low hazard) VHCs
including VHC 41.4, 42.6 and 43.6 are considered non-bushfire prone VHCs as per Section 7.5.2,
7.6 & Figure 14 of QFES Bushfire Resilient Communities (2019). Therefore, these VHCs are
typically considered low potential bushfire intensity areas for assessment purposes and generally
require no further investigation. Note, there is nonetheless an inherent risk of grassfire in VHC 40.4.
4.3.1 Patch and Corridor Filtering
The patch and corridor filtering process under Section 4.2.6 of the BRC was applied to remove /
downgrade narrow corridors and small patches of hazardous vegetation.
No patches were eligible under Step 1 (<1ha patches).
No patches were eligible under Step 2 (effective fuel load reduction of patches 0.5-3ha).
Several <50m wide corridors of VHC 22.1 and 9.1 were eligible under Step 3 (removal of narrow
corridor elements <50m wide) and were removed.
Following application of Steps 1-3, two residual Prone Type 1 hazardous vegetation fragments (1 x
VHC 22.1 and 1 x 22.1 / 9.1) remained which measured <0.5ha. These fragments are isolated within
a surrounding VHC 41.4 low threat matrix representing low hazard conditions (i.e. <4,000 kW/m
following the Step-2 adjustment). In accordance with BRC 2019 Section 4.2.6 Step 4, isolated
hazardous fragments <0.5 ha are below the minimum mapping unit for reliable hazard classification
and are therefore downgraded/reclassified to Low Hazard (not bushfire prone). The isolated
fragments measuring <0.5ha were subsequently downgraded to Low Hazard.
Following application of Section 4.2.6 of the BRC 2019, three Prone Type 1 hazardous sub units;
SU1a, SU1b and SU2, remain in the assessment area. SU1a and SU1b exhibit the same VHC and
slope conditions but differ based on flame width.
4.3.2 Flamesol Modelling
Quantitative modelling of the potential bushfire conditions that may be experienced within the
confirmed Prone Type 1 hazardous sub units; SU1 (a, b) and SU2, has been undertaken to to
determine Potential Bushfire Intensity classes and inform necessary building setback requirements.
The models used comprise industry standard bushfire equations which have been built into the FPAA
endorsed FLAMESOL computer model. FLAMESOL allows numerous input variables to be adjusted
including fuel loads, fire danger index, site slope, and distance to vegetation. FLAMESOL uses the
following algorithms:
• Rate of Spread – McArthur (1973) and Nobel et al. (1980)
• Flame Length – NSW Rural Fire Service (2001) and Nobel et al. (1980)
• Elevation of Receiver – Douglas and Tan (2005)
• Flame Angle – Douglas and Tan (2005)
• Radian Heat Flux – Drysdale (1999), Sullivan et al. (2003) and Douglas and Tan (2005)
The FLAMESOL Minimum Distance calculator has been used and comprises an AS 3959:2018
Method 2 (Appendix B) based calculator which can determine a suite of bushfire behaviour variables
including the minimum distances required to achieve a range of different radiant heat level
exposures.
Fuel load inputs have been drawn from the Vegetation hazard class descriptions and 80th percentile
potential fuel load data set presented in Planning for Bushfire Resilient Communities (QFES 2019)
and, where applicable, take into account fuel load reduction protocols identified in Step 2 of Section
4.2.6 of BRC, 2019.
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The assigned sub unit slopes are referenced on Plan BF02.
A FFDI of 47 has been adopted for the site consistent with the assignment by QFES.
The Flamesol output results are attached as Appendix 3 and summarised in Table 1.
Table 1 Sub Unit Flamesol Results
Sub Units SU1a (VHC 9.1, 100m SU1b (VHC 9.1, 60m SU2 (VHC 22.1, 100m
flame width) flame width) flame width)
1 deg 1 deg 1 deg
Flame Length (m) 11.15 11.15 12.59
Fireline Intensity (kW/m) 15,866 15,866 20,748
(Medium) (Medium) (High)
Rate of Spread (km/hr) 1.26 1.26 1.41
<29kW/m² RHF (m) 12.4 12.3 14
Table 1 demonstrates Sub unit 2; paperbark open forest, represents slightly more severe bushfire
behaviour (High Potential Bushfire Intensity) than Sub unit 1a and 1b; eucalypt open forest (Medium
Potential Bushfire Intensity), which effectively exhibit similar bushfire behaviour.
The Flamesol results are reflected on Plan BF02 which demonstrates the entire site is captured in a
Low Potential Bushfire Intensity class.
4.4 Local Hazard Map
Plan BF03 – Local Hazard Map identifies the Potential Bushfire Intensity classes across the site
shown on Plan BF02 and includes a 100m wide Potential Impact Buffer.
The western and centre portions of proposed Lot 7 are captured in a Potential Impact Buffer whilst
the east of the Lot is captured in a Low hazard area. The proposed Lot 7 building envelope is located
in the cleared area in the north-west corner of the lot. On this basis, the building area is located in
the outer limits of the Potential Impact Buffer.
The Local Hazard Map presented in Plan BF03 is to supersede the SPP broadscale mapping
attributed to the site and should be used to guide the formulation of appropriate site-based bushfire
management measures for the proposal.
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EGEND
The Site
4RP161024
777 * 71, 150m Assessment Buffer
Low Potential Bushfire
Intensity
Medium Potential Bushfire
Intensity
High Potential Bushfire
Intensity
Very High Potential Bushfire
Intensity
<50m narrow corridor
Sub Unit 1a
‘Combined
Surface and
Vegetation Hazard Class # Prone Type Near
Surface Fuel
Load (t/ha)
Maximum | Potential
Total Fuel Site Fireline
Load (t/ha) Sipe | Intensity
(degrees) | (kw/m)
(A3) 1:2500
|VHC 9.1 - Moist to dry eucalypt
lopen forests on coastal lowlands
Jand ranges
Sub Unit 1b (60m FL)
Combined
Surface and
Vegetation Hazard Class # Near
surface Fuel]
Load (t/ha)
Maximum | Potential
Total Fuel Site Fireline
Load (ha) Slope | Intensity
(degrees) | (kw/m)
|VHC 9.1 - Moist to dry eucalypt
lopen forests on coastal lowlands 21
/and ranges
Sub Unit 2
Combined
Surface and
Vegetation Hazard Class # | ProneType | Near
Surface Fuel
Load (t/ha)
‘Maximum
Total Fuel Site
Load (t/ha) Slope.
(degrees)
VHC 22.1 - Malalueca open
{forests on seasonally inundated 23.4
[lowland coastal swamps
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LEGEND
Cy” Site
_ h
Riess
, 150m Assessment Buffer
Medium Potential Bushfire
Intensity
High Potential Bushfire
Intensity
Very High Potential Bushfire
Intensity
Potential Impact Buffer
(A3) 1:2500
NORTH
Coast PROJECT TITLE: CLIENT:
MA szergarerta Fo BUSHFIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENT Franz Enterprises Pty Ltd | LOCAL HAZARD MAP J001445 BFO3 A of.
PEREGIAN BEACH
Services oa 434 Lake Cooroibah Rd Lake Cooroibah, QLD 7 ee ite 1:2500 @ A3
Environmental Management Consultants =o ores 2
UE DETALS DATE WNIT i { WMHOUT THE WRITTEN CONSENT OF NCES.
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5 BUSHFIRE RISK ASSESSMENT
5.1 General
A bushfire risk assessment has been prepared generally in accordance with State Planning
Policy – State Interest Guideline – Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience (DILGP, 2016) and
AS/NZS ISO 31000:2018 – Risk Management Methodology.
The bushfire risk assessment assesses the risk that the proposed new buildings will be
exposed to an acceptable to tolerable level of radiant heat impact from the adjacent confirmed
Potential Bushfire Intensity areas depicted on Plan BF03 – Local Hazard Map.
Plate 7 illustrates the concept of radiant heat exposure.
Plate 7 – Figure A 5.1 Bushfire attack mechanisms (Planning for Bush Fire Protection, 2006)
According to AS/NZS ISO 31000:2018, a ‘hazard’ is defined as a source of potential harm or
a situation with a potential to cause loss, whereas a ‘risk’ is the chance of something
happening that will have an impact on objectives measured in terms of consequences and
likelihood. The State Planning Policy – State Interest Guideline – Natural Hazards, Risk and
Resilience (DILGP, April 2016) refers to ‘acceptable risk’, ‘tolerable risk’, and ‘intolerable risk’
which are defined below.
• Acceptable risk
o A risk that, following an understanding of the likelihood and consequences, is
sufficiently low to require no new treatments or actions to reduce risk further.
Individuals and society can live with this risk without feeling the necessity to
reduce the risks any further.
• Tolerable risk
o A risk that, following an understanding of the likelihood and consequences, is
low enough to allow the exposure to continue, and at the same time high
enough to require new treatments or actions to reduce risk. Society can live
with this risk but believes that as much as is reasonably practicable should be
done to reduce the risks further.
• Intolerable risk
o A risk that, following an understanding of the likelihood and consequences, is
so high that it requires actions to avoid or reduce the risk. Individuals and
society will not accept this risk, and measures are to be put in place to reduce
risks to at least a tolerable level.
5.2 Likelihood of Bushfire Impact
AS/NZS ISO 31000:2018 defines ‘Likelihood’ as the chance that something might happen.
Likelihood can be defined, determined, or measured objectively or subjectively and can be
expressed either qualitatively or quantitatively (using mathematics). The following ‘likelihood’
categories for the probability of the assessed bushfire attack mechanisms impacting the
assessment area have been adopted within this assessment:
• Likely - Will probably occur
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• Unlikely - Could occur but doubtful
The determination of whether a bushfire event is likely or unlikely to impact the site has been
based on the relative position of hazardous vegetation to the site and its connectivity with
hazardous bushland areas. A fire burning in hazardous vegetation located upwind of the site
under typical south-east Queensland seasonal fire winds from the north to north-west to west
to south-west is considered to represent a ‘likely’ probability of impact to the site. A fire burning
in hazardous vegetation located downwind of the site under typical south-east Queensland
seasonal fire winds is considered to represent an ‘unlikely’ probability of impact, albeit
acknowledged that the back head of a fire may nonetheless impact the site however the
intensity of the back head is not considered to be significant for the risk assessment at hand.
Hazardous vegetation has been confirmed to the north and west of the development footprint.
The likelihood of a fire positioned to the north and west of the site approaching toward the site
is considered likely as seasonal fire winds would be expected to drive the fire front toward the
site. A forest fire burning toward the Lot 7 building area from the north and west would however
be expected to revert to a low intensity grassfire upon interception of the cleared low threat
VHC 41.4 conditions to the north and west of the proposed building footprint in Lot 7.
5.3 Consequences of Impact
The consequences of a fire front positioned to the north and west of the site would be expected
to include radiant heat impact and ember attack which can lead to damage to property and or
injury or loss of life.
The Flamesol results infer direct flame contact to the Lot 7 boundaries from SU1b (Lf =
11.15m) to the north would not occur by virtue of the 60m available separation. Similarly, the
Flamesol results infer direct flame contact to the Lot 7 boundaries from SU2 (Lf = 12.59m) to
the west would not occur by virtue of the 67m available separation.
Spotting across the low threat conditions would remain an inherent risk and could impact the
site and surrounding land.
Radiant heat exposure risk primarily affects the northern and western facades of the future
dwelling/s in Lot 7.
The BRC 2019 identifies that exposure to 1 kW/m² RHF represents the maximum for indefinite
skin exposure and at 2 kW/m²:
• Pain is felt on bare skin after 1 minute exposure (non-fatal); and
• Firefighters with protective clothing can withstand this exposure level for a few
minutes however, they are likely to experience rise in core body temperature.
The above impacts are therefore possible within Lot 7 given it is located <100m from the
identified hazardous vegetation.
Assessment Benchmark 4 of the Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and
Planning’s Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience –– Bushfire (December 2019) State Planning
Policy – state interest guidance material, references radiant heat flux (RHF) exposure of
<29 kW/m² on a Reconfiguration of a Lot development footprint plan as generating an
Acceptable to Tolerable level of risk for non-vulnerable uses. Exposure to <29 kW/m² RHF:
• reduces potential exposure to bushfire attack, particularly direct flame contact;
• reduces the likelihood of piloted ignition due to radiant heat exposure;
• improves consistency between planning and building outcomes;
• reduces potential for conflicts between planning and building approvals; and
• avoids duplication and regulatory burden on home owners.
Note, building exposure of <29 kW/m² RHF is not to be misrepresented to infer acceptable
protection of human life in exposed conditions.
A building envelope is identified on the plan of development hence the exposure risk is to be
assessed from the proposed building envelope boundaries.
Table 1 confirms the following setbacks are required to achieve <29 kW/m² RHF exposure to
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the Lot 7 boundaries:
SU1a – 12.3m;
SU1b – 12.4m; and
SU2 – 14m
Plan BF03 highlights that the proposed Lot 7 boundaries are separated by distances to the
hazardous vegetation which exceed the <29 kW/m² RHF exposure setback requirements. The
risk of radiant heat flux exposure from the SPP classified vegetation acting on the nominated
building envelope is therefore considered acceptable.
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6 BUSHFIRE MANAGEMENT MEASURES
6.1 General
The following bushfire management measures are to be incorporated into the proposed
development to reduce the risk of bushfire impacts to people and property. Implementation of
the identified measures is not implied nor intended to advocate that building occupants remain
on the site during a bushfire event, nor that people and property will be protected from bushfire
impacts. The measures are intended to reduce the potential severity of bushfire impact to the
development and not prevent bushfire impact. The bushfire mitigation measures have been
derived from:
• Department of State Development, Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Planning’s State
Planning Policy – State interest guidance material – Natural hazards, risk and
resilience – Bushfire (December 2019) (referenced herein as SPP (Bushfire) 2019);
• Queensland Fire and Emergency Services. (2019). Planning for Bushfire Resilient
Communities; and
• Sunshine Coast Planning Scheme (2014). 8.2.4 Bushfire Hazard Overlay Code.
6.2 Asset Protection Zones
Asset Protection Zones (APZs) provide a defensive tool to assist in the reduction of potential
bushfire impact to people and property situated in bushfire prone areas. Plate 8 depicts the
concept of an APZ adjacent to a dwelling in a bushfire prone area.
Plate 8 – Asset Protection Zones
The configuration of APZs is typically determined based on the results of the site-specific
hazard assessment. Confirmed bushfire hazard areas are located to the east to south-east
hence provision of adequate separation between the proposed buildings and the hazardous
vegetation is required to provide an acceptable to tolerable level of risk to site occupants and
emergency services staff.
It is noted that the proposed Lot 7 building envelope is separated from the adjacent VHC 9.1
open forest to the north and east by the driveway that will service the existing dwelling retained
in Lot 8. This scenario is expected to ensure a cleared firebreak of approximately 8-10m will
be available to the benefit of Lot 7 for the life of the development. This cleared separation will
also benefit the future BAL rating opportunity within the Lot 7 building envelope.
To mitigate the risk of the future regrowth occurring which exacerbates bushfire risk, it is
recommended:
• The current extent of low hazard conditions in Lots 7 and 8 be maintained consistent
with Assessment Benchmark 5 of the SPP Bushfire 2019 which seeks that landscaping
and open space comprises protective landscape treatments that:
1. Comprise only low threat vegetation (for example rainforest, grassland
managed in a minimal fuel condition, maintained lawns, golf courses and
cultivated gardens); or
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2. Are designed to ensure a potential available fuel load is maintained at less than
8 tonnes/hectare in aggregate and with a fuel structure that remains
discontinuous.
• The Lot 8 driveway corridor to the north and east of the Lot 7 building envelope be
maintained in a low fuel load state.
• The extent of VHC 9.1 does not expand within the site.
• All future Lot 7 boundary fencing and any fencing within Lot 7 comprise either non-
combustible materials, hardwood fencing, or a pine post and rail design. Pine paling
fencing is not to be used. Any timber fencing does not fix directly to buildings and is
provided with a minimum 1m separation comprised of non-combustible materials (i.e.
a tubular steel/aluminium swing gate.
A further detailed description of landscaping requirements is detailed in Section 5.6
Landscaping and Regrowth.
6.3 Water Supply
The availability of a reliable water supply for firefighting purposes is a vital tool in the defence
of bushfire impact.
The new lot will not be serviced by the reticulated town water supply. The new water supply
to Lot 7 should therefore satisfy Assessment Benchmark 4 of the SPP Bushfire 2019, which
references the QFES 2019 Bushfire Resilient Communities document for information
regarding appropriate static water supply. Section 9.1 of Bushfire Resilient Communities’
states:
An appropriate static water supply (in bushfire prone areas where reticulated supply is not
provided) to support effective emergency services response includes a water tank that is
available solely for firefighting purposes and can be accessed by firefighting appliances. The
water tank is to be provided within 10 metres of each building (other than a class 10 building),
which:
a) is either below ground level or of non-flammable construction;
b) has a take-off connection at a level that allows the following dedicated, static water supply
to be left available for access by firefighters:
i.10,000 litres for residential buildings;
Lot 7 is expected to host residential buildings hence provision of 10,000 litres supply located
within 10 metres of each residential building on the lot is required.
Pumps used for powering the water supply are to comprise petrol powered pumps with a
minimum flow capacity of 7.5L /sec (i.e. Honda fire fighter pump etc). The tanks are to be
provided with a 50mm male camlock fitting to enable QFES to access the water supply and
be provided with sufficient hose length to circumference the dwelling. A 50mm blue lay flat
hose or similar is recommended. Plate 9 outlines an example of a reserve water supply in a
standard tank.
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Plate 9 – Example Static Water Supply tank design for firefighting purposes (Source: Kingspan Group 2021
6.4 Fire Breaks/Fire Break Trails
The provision of fire breaks and fire trails within a site located in a bushfire prone area offers
an important bushfire defence measure to assist in reducing the risk and severity of bushfire
ingress onto and through a site. Hazardous vegetation has been confirmed to the north and
west of the development footprint on generally level ground.
The hazardous vegetation to the north of the site, including SU1b and the patch of VHC 9.1
that was removed from within the site under the patch and corridor filtering process, is
separated from the Lot 7 building area by the existing driveway on the site and low hazard
vegetation conditions. A QFES vehicle could readily set down on the driveway or adjacent
maintained grassland to access the northern perimeter of the site to attack a fire front and or
structure fire. The requirement to provide a firebreak trail within the north of Lot 7 is therefore
unnecessary.
The hazardous vegetation to the west of the site; SU2, is separated from the Lot 7 building
area by the existing driveway on the adjacent lot, a dam, and the adjacent dwelling and VHC
41.1 low threat conditions. A QFES vehicle could readily set down on the maintained grassland
about the dwelling to access the south western perimeter of the site to attack a fire front and
or structure fire. The requirement to provide a firebreak trail along the south-west boundary of
Lot 7 is therefore also considered unnecessary.
Lake Cooroibah Road represents a two lane bitumen sealed road which acts as a fire break
and fire break trail between the site and the extensive National Park open forest to the west
of the site. A 6-10m wide fire break trail is also present within the NP vegetation adjacent to
Lake Cooroibah Road.
The inclusion of additional fire breaks within the site is deemed unnecessary.
6.5 Vehicle Access and Roads
Development in bushfire prone areas should be serviced by safe access/exit points for both
occupants and emergency services personnel. The Lot 7 building area is accessed directly
from Lake Cooroibah Road through the west boundary via the existing 2.8m wide (approx.)
bitumen sealed driveway which will be registered under shared easement in favour of Lot 8.
A transit length of approximately 250-260m is envisaged to the Lot 7 building area.
The access route into the site is situated on near level ground and bordered by low hazard
VHC 41.1 conditions present in the adjacent lots right through to the Lot 7 building area. There
was no obvious risk of vegetation blocking access or egress into the site observed at the time
of inspection (i.e. low hanging branches or trees located immediately on the edge of the
driveway).
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The following design principles are recommended to be adopted for the development:
• The access handle into the site comprise low threat vegetation conditions for the life
of the development.
• A minimum driveway width of 3.5m is provided;
• Driveway clearance of 3.5m wide by 4.8m high is provided for fire truck access.
• Driveway is designed to not exceed 12.5% grade.
• Provision is made for a passing bay every 80m along the length of the driveway to
the Lot 7 building site.
• Provision is made for fire trucks to be able to turn around at the Lot 7 building site.
Sufficient area should be provided to facilitate a QFES MRV three point turn to safely
exit the site in forward gear.
• The driveway is constructed to a standard so that it is accessible in all weather
conditions and capable of accommodating a vehicle of 15 tonnes for the trafficable
road width as specified in the “Road Planning and Design Manual”.
• Steep slopes affect the free movement of trucks and hinder safe fire fighting . Severe
short dips may limit access due to the overhang of the body from the wheels and
should be excluded from the road design.
• The access road is to be maintained for the life of development and any fallout debris
removed accordingly.
The vehicle access design is considered safe and acceptable subject to incorporation of the
above recommendations.
6.6 Landscaping and Regrowth
Existing and future landscaping within the site should avoid increasing the potential for
bushfire hazard. Assessment Benchmark 5 of the SPP Bushfire 2019 seeks that the site layout
places the landscape and open spaces within the site between premises and adjacent mapped
medium, high or very high potential bushfire intensity areas. This landscaping and open space
comprises protective landscape treatments that:
1. Comprise only low threat vegetation (for example grassland managed in a minimal fuel
condition, maintained lawns, golf courses and cultivated gardens); or
2. Are designed to ensure a potential available fuel load is maintained at less than 8
tonnes/hectare in aggregate and with a fuel structure that remains discontinuous.
No landscaping detail has been provided for assessment.
Any proposed landscaping in Lot 7 shall adopt the following design criteria:
• The landscaping conditions within the nominated APZs and access handle satisfies
Assessment Benchmark 5 of the SPP Bushfire 2019 and the low threat vegetation
criteria prescribed in section 2.2.3.2 of AS 3959:2018 or later iterations thereof,
including maintaining short, cropped grass cover to approximately <10cm height.
• No mulched garden beds are sited within 2m of buildings.
6.7 General Property Maintenance
The undertaking of an appropriate level of property maintenance throughout the year, and in
particular prior to the fire season, can significantly reduce the severity of fire impact upon a
site. Queensland Fire and Emergency Services recommend the following general actions be
undertaken to prepare for the fire season:
Structure
• Install gutter-guard or similar leaf barriers over gutters.
• Clear leaves, twigs, bark and other debris from the roof and gutters.
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• Purchase and test the effectiveness of gutter plugs.
• Enclose open areas under decks and floors.
• Install fine steel wire mesh screens on all windows, doors, vents and weep holes.
• Point LPG cylinder relief valves away from buildings.
• Conduct maintenance checks on pumps, generators and water systems.
• Seal all gaps in external roof and wall cladding.
Access
• Display a prominent house or lot number, in case it is required in an emergency.
• Ensure there is adequate access to your property for fire trucks - 4 metres wide by 4
metres high, with a turn-around area.
Vegetation
• Reduce vegetation loads along the access path.
• Mow your grass regularly.
• Remove excess ground fuels and combustible material (long dry grass, dead leaves
and branches).
• Trim low-lying branches two metres from the ground surrounding your building.
Note the above recommendations are that of QFES and are offered herein for advisory
purposes. They have not been set as recommendations for certification purposes.
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7 AUSTRALIAN STANDARD 3959:2018 CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS IN
BUSHFIRE PRONE AREAS (AS 3959:2018) SETBACKS
NCC 2022 stipulates that Class 1, 2, 3, 9a-9c and any associated Class 10a buildings located
in designated bushfire prone areas (i.e., local or state government bushfire overlay maps) are
assessable against AS3959. In accordance with the definition in the NCC, a designated
bushfire prone area in QLD means:
• land which has been designated under a power of legislation as being subject, or likely
to be subject, to bushfires.
The current application is for an RAL hence AS3959 is not currently applicable.
Compliance with the SPP Assessment Benchmark 4 <29 kW/m² RHF criteria typically results
in a maximum Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) 29 outcome for new assessable buildings.
Any future Class 1, 2, 3, 9a-9c and any associated Class 10a buildings within the site located
in the SPP or Noosa Plan mapped bushfire prone area; a designated bushfire prone area,
must be built to satisfy the relevant BAL acting on the buildings in accordance with AS3959
2018 Construction in Bushfire Prone Areas. Compliance with AS3959 is expected to alleviate
the consequences of ember attack and radiant heat attack to an acceptable level (i.e., reduce
the risk of dwelling failure and loss of life therein during a passing fire front).
IMPORTANT NOTE - The patch and corridor filtering process available under the SPP
methodology is not available under the AS3959 methodology which provides its own
set of criteria for Low threat vegetation and non-vegetated areas. AS3959 requires
assessment of continuous small linear strips of vegetation greater than 1 tree wide
which are otherwise removed under the SPP methodology. This is applicable to Lot 7
and should be considered when siting the future dwelling.
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8 LEGISLATION AND OVERLAYS
8.1 Noosa Plan 2020 – Natural Hazards Overlay Code
The proposed development is considered assessable development and therefore is
assessable against Table 8.2.3.3 Bushfire Hazard Area of Council’s Bushfire Overlay Code
which has been reproduced as Table 2.
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Table 2 – Table 8.2.3.3 Bushfire Hazard Areas – Part 8 Overlay Code Noosa Plan 2020
PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES ACCEPTABLE OUTCOMES PROPOSED SOLUTION
Safety of people and property
PO1 AO1.1 This Bushfire Hazard Assessment and Management Plan has been prepared to
Development maintains the safety of people and Development which will materially increase the number of people maintain the safety of people and property from the adverse impacts of bushfire.
property from the adverse impacts of bushfire. living or congregating on premises, including reconfiguring a lot, is not
AO1.1 – No increase in the number of people living or congregating on premises
located within a medium or high bushfire hazard area.
is proposed within a confirmed medium or high bushfire hazard area.
AO1.2
Development maximises setbacks from hazardous vegetation to AO1.2 –The extent of separation proposed in conjunction with the mitigating
achieve an acceptable risk. measures referenced within this report generates an acceptable risk.
Editor’s Note —PSP8 Natural Hazards provides guidance for
assessing bushfire hazard risk and preparing a bushfire hazard
management plan.
Impact on Ecologically Important Areas
PO2 No acceptable outcome provided No new clearing is deemed necessary to enact bushfire mitigation measures on
Bushfire mitigation measures do not adversely impact the site.
on:
a) biodiversity values, connectivity and ecosystem
functioning; and
b) the long term physical integrity of waterways, wetland
and areas of native vegetation.
Water Supply for Fire Fighting Purposes
PO3 AO3.1 AO3.1 – Lot 7 will not be connected to the reticulated water supply. The new
Development provides an adequate water supply for Premises are connected to the reticulated water supply. water supply to Lot 7 should therefore satisfy Assessment Benchmark 4 of the
firefighting purpose which is reliable, safely located and SPP Bushfire 2019, which references the QFES 2019 Bushfire Resilient
freely accessible. Editor's note—For reconfiguring a lot, water supply needs to provide Communities. Provision of 10,000 litres supply located within 10 metres of each
for a minimum flow and pressure of 10 litres a second at 200kPa at all residential building on the lot is required.
times for firefighting purposes.
OR
AO3.2
Where there is no available reticulated water supply, the premises
has:
a) an accessible dam, swimming pool or water tank available for
firefighting purposes with an onsite water volume of not less than
5,000 litres; and
b) a water supply outlet pipe 50 millimetres in diameter fitted with a
standard fire brigade fitting connected to the water supply (other than
where the water supply is in a swimming pool or dam).
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PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES ACCEPTABLE OUTCOMES PROPOSED SOLUTION
Editor’s Note—Water supply capacity for firefighting purposes is in
addition to water supply capacity for other uses and activities on the
premises.
Essential Community Infrastructure
PO4 AO4.1 N/A – The proposed development does not involve essential community
Essential community infrastructure is able to function Development involving essential community infrastructure is not infrastructure.
effectively during and immediately after bushfire events. located within a medium or high bushfire hazard area.
OR
AO4.2
Where located in a medium or high bushfire hazard area,
development involving essential community infrastructure is designed
to function effectively during and after a bushfire event in accordance
with a Bushfire Hazard Management Plan.
Editor’s Note— PSP8 Natural Hazards provides guidance for
assessing bushfire hazard risk and preparing a bushfire hazard
management plan.
Hazardous Material
PO5 AO5 AO5 – The proposed development does not involve the manufacture or storage
Public safety and the environment are not adversely Hazardous materials are not manufactured or stored in bulk in a of hazardous materials in bulk.
affected by the impacts of bushfire on hazardous bushfire hazard area.
materials manufacturing or storing in bulk.
Access and Evacuation Routes
PO6 AO6.1 PO6 – N/A – No new roads proposed.
Roads provide for easy and safe evacuation of residents The road layout provides for through-roads and avoids cul-de-sacs
of premises and access by emergency services. and dead-end roads.
OR
AO6.2
The development has a perimeter road reserve with a minimum width
of 20 metres and maximum gradient of 12.5%.
OR
AO6.3
Cul-de-sacs or no-through roads are provided with fire trails or access
easements, which are capable of being navigated by conventional
vehicles and which link to through roads.
AO6.4
Safe access and egress is available at all times to all of the
development for emergency vehicles and personnel.
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PERFORMANCE OUTCOMES ACCEPTABLE OUTCOMES PROPOSED SOLUTION
AO6.5
Where an emergency access point is required, it complies with the
relevant works codes and PSP6 Engineering Design Standards.
Lot design
AO7
PO7 AO7
Lot design and building siting minimises bushfire hazard Each residential lot:
(a) A building envelope is nominated on the plan of subdivision.
risk to people and property. a) includes a building envelope, identified on a plan of subdivision;
b) is of sufficient size and shape to allow for efficient emergency
(b) The site is an existing battle axe lot. The access route is situated on near
access to buildings for firefighting appliances (e.g. by avoiding battle-
level ground and bordered by low hazard VHC 41.1 conditions present in the
axe/hatchet lots and long narrow lots with long access driveways to
adjacent lots right through to the Lot 7 building area. There was no obvious risk
buildings);
of vegetation blocking access or egress into the site observed at the time of
c) where more than 2500m², achieves setbacks from hazardous inspection. The access route is exposed to <29kW/m² RHF.
vegetation in line with Bushfire Attack Level 29 requirements as per
(c) The Lot 7 building envelope is provided approximately 8-10m setback to
AS3959; and
AS3959 classified Type A open forest to the north and east. A 12.4m setback
d) is designed so that buildings and structures are sited in locations of would be required to achieve BAL 29 under AS3959 assessment methodology
lowest hazard within the lot and elements of the development least (refer Flamesol output for SU1a in Appendix 3 which accounts for a 100m flame
susceptible to fire are closest to the fire hazard. width). The proposed Lot 7 building envelope measures 1,020m² hence a future
building can be readily sited therein to achieve the necessary additional 2.4 -
4.4m separation to achieve Bushfire Attack Level 29 requirements as per
AS3959.
(d) The future building on Lot 7 will be sited amongst cleared lawn on the
interface of the Potential Impact Buffer and Low Hazard Area, with the latter
being the lowest hazard area in the lot.
Firebreaks and fire access tracks
PO8 AO8.1 AO8.1 – The development does not involve the creation of a new road and
Firebreaks and fire access tracks provide: Where development involves the creation of a new road and lots, a lots.
firebreak is provided by providing a cleared road reserve not less than
20 metres wide and maximum gradient of 12.5% around the perimeter
a) adequate access for firefighting and other
of the subdivision, between the created lots and surrounding
emergency vehicles; and
vegetated lands.
b) adequate access for the evacuation of residents and OR
emergency personnel in an emergency situation. AO8.2 AO8.2 - The provision of fire access tracks has been deemed unnecessary
Fire access tracks are provided between the created lots and given site conditions and the occurrence of existing access tracks about the
surrounding vegetated land that: site.
a) have a cleared minimum width of 6 metres;
b) have a maximum gradient of 12.5%;
c) provide unbroken access for fire fighting vehicles;
d) provide passing bays and turning areas;
e) are located within an access easement that is granted in favour of
Noosa Council and the Queensland Fire and Rescue Service.
AO8.3 AO8.3 – All bushfire management measures would be carried out on the
Bushfire management measures are carried out on the subject subject property.
property and not any adjoining property.
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8.2 State Planning Policy – Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience
The Department of State Development, Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Planning’s State Planning
Policy – State interest guidance material – Natural hazards, risk and resilience – Bushfire (December
2019) contains the development assessment benchmarks for natural hazards, risk and resilience -
bushfire. The SPP assessment benchmarks prevail over those prescribed in the SCRC Bushfire
Hazard Overlay Code where they involve the same design elements.
An assessment of the proposed development’s compliance with each of the assessment
benchmarks has been provided below.
Assessment Benchmark 4
To ensure emergency services can respond effectively, development is located within a reticulated
water supply area or includes a dedicated static water supply that is available solely for fire-fighting
purposes and can be accessed by fire-fighting vehicles.
Reticulated water supply is not available to the development. A dedicated water supply is required
that satisfies Assessment Benchmark 4.
Where reconfiguring a lot creating lots of greater than 2000 square metres
To ensure emergency access and operational space for firefighters, include a development footprint
plan that is separated from the closest edge of the adjacent mapped medium, high or very high
potential bushfire intensity area by a distance that achieves a radiant heat flux level of 29 kilowatt
per square metre or less.
The plan of development satisfies the <29kW/m2 RHF setback requirement for Lot 7 which will host
a new dwelling.
Where reconfiguring a lot creating additional lots for the purpose of residential development and a
reticulated water supply is not provided.
The recommendations set in Section 5.3 herein require the development to include a dedicated static
water supply that is available solely for fire-fighting purposes and can be suitably accessed by fire-
fighting vehicles.
To ensure safe access and egress and operational space for rural fire-fighting vehicles, a fire trail
and working area is provided that separates the new residential lot or development footprint plans
from adjacent mapped medium, high or very high potential bushfire intensity areas (refer diagram
below) and is designed and constructed in accordance with the design parameters in Table 4.
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Provision of a firebreak trail is deemed unnecessary and justified in Section 6.4 Fire Breaks / Fire
Break Trails.
Assessment Benchmark 5
Where reconfiguring a lot.
Subdivision design avoids locating lots (or for lots greater than 2000 square metres, avoids locating
the development footprint plan) that are within bushfire prone areas and on ridgelines, saddles and
crests where slopes exceed 15 per cent.
The new Lot 7 is not located on ridgelines, saddles and crests where slopes exceed 15 per cent.
The in-situ slope in Lot 7 is approx. <2 degrees.
Assessment Benchmark 7
Where a requirement for an asset protection zone (or similar) exists
Landscaping treatments comprise only low threat vegetation, including grassland managed in a
minimal fuel condition, maintained lawns, golf courses, maintained public reserves and parklands,
vineyards, orchards, cultivated gardens, commercial nurseries, nature strips and windbreaks; OR
Landscaping management maintains a potential available fuel load which is less than eight
tonnes/hectare in aggregate, and fuel structure which is discontinuous; OR
Development includes a bushfire management plan for the maintenance of any identified asset
protection zone, including landscape design and ongoing vegetation management.
This document includes a Bushfire Management Plan.
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9 CONCLUSIONS
This Bushfire Hazard Assessment and Management Plan (BHAMP) has been prepared to
assess the bushfire risk associated with a proposed 1 into 2 Reconfiguration of a Lot
development application over Lot 78 on SP116879 - 434 Lake Cooroibah Rd Lake Cooroibah,
QLD.
A Local Hazard Map has been prepared for the site consistent with the State Planning Policy
– Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience – Technical Manual – A ‘fit for purpose’ approach in
undertaking natural hazard studies and risk assessments. The Local Hazard Map identifies
proposed Lot 7 is captured in a Potential Impact Buffer and Low Hazard Area.
A bushfire risk assessment has been undertaken and identifies the extent of Lot 7 is exposed
to an acceptable risk of radiant heat flux impact as defined in Assessment Benchmark 4 of the
SPP Bushfire 2019; <29 kW/m² RHF exposure.
A building envelope has been nominated in Lot 7 which provides the opportunity to secure a
BAL 29 construction standard under AS3959 2018.
A linear driveway of approx. 250m set through low hazard conditions will service the new lot.
The driveway requires an upgrade to satisfy width and passing bay requirements.
Lot 7 will not to be connected to the municipal reticulated water supply hence requires
provision of a dedicated 10KL static water supply.
Overall, the development proposed for the site, in combination with recommendations
referenced herein, is deemed suitable with respect to providing an acceptable to tolerable
level of bushfire risk acting on people and property within the site.
Bushfire is an extremely serious and often unpredictable phenomenon that requires serious
preparatory planning and decision making to avoid potential damage to infrastructure and or
loss of life. All recommendations made herein have been formulated based on site conditions
at the time of writing and therefore may not be appropriate in the event site conditions change
over time.
Implementation of the bushfire mitigation measures referenced herein is not implied nor
intended to advocate that residents remain on the site during a bushfire event, nor that people
and property will be protected from bushfire impact. The measures are intended to reduce the
potential severity of bushfire impact to persons and property and not prevent actual bushfire
impact.
The landowners and site managers are to be responsible for ensuring the measures
prescribed herein are applied and stay up to date with site conditions and industry standards.
Landholders/managers should therefore liaise with Queensland Fire and Rescue Services at
regular intervals (e.g., recommended at least every 5 years).
The first call in the event of a bushfire emergency should always be ‘000’.
9.1 Certification Matters
The following bushfire mitigation measures are to be certified as satisfactorily completed by
the project Bushfire Consultant prior to commencement of the proposed/approved uses on the
site:
• All actionable recommendations set in Section 5 of this report have been implemented
(i.e., APZ, landscaping etc.) where practical at the time of certification.
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10 REFERENCES
Cruz M.G., Gould J.S., Alexander M.E., Sullivan A.L., McCaw W.L., Matthews S. (2015) A
Guide to Rate of Fire Spread Models for Australian Vegetation. CSIRO Land and Water
Flagship, Canberra, ACT, and AFAC, Melbourne, Vic, 123pp.
Gould, McCaw, Cheney, Ellis & Matthews. (2007). Field Guide – Fuel assessment and fire
behaviour in dry eucalypt open forest. Ensis-CSIRO, Canberra, ACT and Department of
Environment and Conservation, Perth, WA.
Leonard, J., Opie, K. (2017). Estimating the potential bushfire hazard of vegetation patches
and corridors. An enhancement of Queensland’s methodology for State-wide mapping of
bushfire prone areas. CSIRO Land & Water, Australia.
Noosa Plan 2020. Bushfire Hazard Overlay Code. Noosa Council.
Queensland Fire and Emergency Services. (2019). Bushfire Resilient Communities -
Technical Reference Guide for the State Planning Policy - State Interest Guideline - Natural
Hazards, Risk and Resilience 2- Bushfire.
Southeast Queensland Fire and Biodiversity Consortium – Operational Manual.
The State of Queensland, Department of State Development, Manufacturing, Infrastructure
and Planning (2019). Natural hazards, risk and resilience - Bushfire State Planning Policy –
state interest guidance material.
Webster. (2002). The Complete Bushfire Safety Book. Random House (Aust) Pty Ltd.
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APPENDIX 1 – PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT
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Bushfire Hazard Assessment & Management Plan v2 NCES REF: J001445
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APPENDIX 2 – VEGETATION HAZARD CLASS DESCRIPTIONS
Vegetation Hazard Class 22.1 – Melaleuca open forests on seasonally inundated
lowland coastal swamps
Paperbark open forest
Average canopy height (average) – 15-20m,
Projective Foliage Canopy Cover (PFCC) – 15-25%
Canopy – Melaleuca quinquenervia, Lophostemon suaveolens, E. robusta
Mid storey – Glochidion ferdinandi, Parsonsia straminea, Livistona australis, and
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana
Understorey – grasses and shrubs
Potential combined surface fuel load = 23.8t/ha
Total fuel load = 26t/ha
Prone Type Class = 1
Continuous Class = 1 – Continuous
Plate A depicts typical conditions within VHC 22.1
Plate A – Characteristic vegetation within VHC 22.1
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Vegetation Hazard Class 9.1 Moist to dry eucalypt open forests on coastal lowlands
and ranges
Average canopy height = 24m
Projective Foliage Canopy Cover (PFCC) = 15-30%
Dominant canopy spp = Eucalyptus tereticornis, E. racemosa, E. siderophloia, E. robusta, C.
intermedia, .
Dominant midstorey spp = Casuarina littoralis, Lophostemon suaveolens, Acacia spp.
Alphitonia excelsa
Dominant understorey spp = Themeda triandra, Imperata cylindrica, Paspalum spp
Potential combined surface fuel load = 21t/ha
Total fuel load = 24.2t/ha
Prone Type Class = 1 (QFES BRC 2019)
Continuous Class = 1 - Continuous
Plate B depicts typical conditions within VHC 9.1
Plate B – Characteristic vegetation within VHC 9.1
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Vegetation Hazard Class 41.4 – Discontinuous low grass or tree cover in built up
areas
Average canopy height = Varies
Projective Foliage Canopy Cover (PFCC) = Varies
Dominant Canopy & Mid-storey Species = Scattered native and exotic trees
Understorey = Managed grassland or lawn, and infrastructure
Potential combined surface fuel load = 2.5t/ha
Total fuel load = 3t/ha
Prone Type Class = 3 (QFES BRC 2019)
Continuous Class = 2 - Discontinuous
Plate C depicts typical conditions within VHC 41.4
Plate C – Characteristic vegetation within VHC 41.4
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Vegetation Hazard Class 42.6 – Nil to very low vegetation cover
Industrial sites and roads
Potential combined surface fuel load = 0t/ha
Total fuel load = 0t/ha
Prone Type Class = 3 (QFES BRC 2019)
Continuous Class = 2 - Discontinuous
Plate D depicts typical conditions within VHC 42.6
Plate D – Characteristic nil vegetation within VHC 42.6
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Vegetation Hazard Class 43.6 – Waterbodies or very low vegetation cover
Waterbodies
Potential combined surface fuel load = 0t/ha
Total fuel load = 0t/ha
Prone Type Class = 3 (QFES BRC 2019)
Continuous Class = 2 - Discontinuous
Plate E depicts typical conditions within VHC 43.6
Plate E – Characteristic vegetation within VHC 43.6 (background)
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APPENDIX 3 – FLAMESOL OUTPUTS
Calculated March 12, 2026, 12:37 am (MDc v.4.9)
SU1a
Minimum Distance Calculator - AS3959-2018 (Method 2)
Inputs Outputs
Fire Danger Index 47 Rate of spread 1.26 km/h
Vegetation
Forest Flame length 11.15 m
Classification
Understorey fuel
21 t/ha Flame angle 54 °, 64 °, 73 °, 77 °, 79 ° & 84 °
load
4.34 m, 4.79 m, 5.01 m, 4.97 m,
Total fuel load 24.2 t/ha Elevation of receiver
4.92 m & 4.14 m
Vegetation height n/a Fire intensity 15,866 kW/m
0.879, 0.863, 0.84, 0.816, 0.803 &
Effective slope 1° Transmissivity
0.736
0.594, 0.4414, 0.2971, 0.2007,
Site slope 1° Viewfactor
0.1635 & 0.0446
Minimum distance to < 40
Flame width 100 m 9.2 m
kW/m²
Minimum distance to < 29
Windspeed n/a 12.4 m
kW/m²
Minimum distance to < 19
Heat of combustion 18,600 kJ/kg 18.3 m
kW/m²
Minimum distance to <
Flame temperature 1,090 K 26.5 m
12.5 kW/m²
Minimum distance to < 10
31.7 m
kW/m²
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Calculated March 17, 2026, 9:28 pm (MDc v.4.9)
SU1b
Minimum Distance Calculator - AS3959-2018 (Method 2)
Inputs Outputs
Fire Danger Index 47 Rate of spread 1.26 km/h
Vegetation
Forest Flame length 11.15 m
Classification
Understorey fuel
21 t/ha Flame angle 54 °, 63 °, 70 °, 75 °, 76 ° & 82 °
load
4.34 m, 4.75 m, 4.92 m, 4.95 m,
Total fuel load 24.2 t/ha Elevation of receiver
4.9 m & 4.37 m
Vegetation height n/a Fire intensity 15,866 kW/m
0.879, 0.864, 0.843, 0.821, 0.81 &
Effective slope 1° Transmissivity
0.749
0.5922, 0.4398, 0.2961, 0.1991,
Site slope 1° Viewfactor
0.1616 & 0.0437
Minimum distance to < 40
Flame width 60 m 9.2 m
kW/m²
Minimum distance to < 29
Windspeed n/a 12.3 m
kW/m²
Minimum distance to < 19
Heat of combustion 18,600 kJ/kg 17.7 m
kW/m²
Minimum distance to <
Flame temperature 1,090 K 24.7 m
12.5 kW/m²
Minimum distance to < 10
28.9 m
kW/m²
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Calculated March 12, 2026, 12:36 am (MDc v.4.9)
SU2
Minimum Distance Calculator - AS3959-2018 (Method 2)
Inputs Outputs
Fire Danger Index 47 Rate of spread 1.41 km/h
Vegetation
Forest Flame length 12.59 m
Classification
Understorey fuel
23.4 t/ha Flame angle 54 °, 64 °, 72 °, 77 °, 78 ° & 84 °
load
4.91 m, 5.41 m, 5.63 m, 5.62 m,
Total fuel load 28.4 t/ha Elevation of receiver
5.55 m & 4.76 m
Vegetation height n/a Fire intensity 20,748 kW/m
0.876, 0.859, 0.835, 0.809, 0.796 &
Effective slope 1° Transmissivity
0.732
0.5999, 0.4414, 0.2982, 0.2025,
Site slope 1° Viewfactor
0.1648 & 0.0448
Minimum distance to < 40
Flame width 100 m 10.3 m
kW/m²
Minimum distance to < 29
Windspeed n/a 14 m
kW/m²
Minimum distance to < 19
Heat of combustion 18,600 kJ/kg 20.6 m
kW/m²
Minimum distance to <
Flame temperature 1,090 K 29.3 m
12.5 kW/m²
Minimum distance to < 10
34.9 m
kW/m²
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