SUPERSEDED Compiled Approved Plans for OPW20-0145 05

                 General Terms
                  Australian Pruning       The Standard for Arborists, Tree workers, Government Departments, Property Owners and Contractors for
                  Standard AS4373-2007     defining uniform tree pruning procedures and practices, to reduce the risk of hazard development, branch
                                           failure, pathogen infection and premature tree death.

                  Australian Standard      This Standard give guidance to horticulturists, arborists, architects, builders, engineers, land managers,
                  Protection of Trees on   landscape architects, contractors, planners, certifying authorities, building surveyors, those concerned
                  Development Sites AS     with the care and protection of trees and all others involved in the management of trees and
                  4970-2009                developments.

                  Deadwood                 Removal of all major/significant deadwood and dead branches up to and including 30mm in diameter
                                           unless otherwise specified.
                                           Or
                                           Deadwood is a naturally occurring feature of most tree species and comprises dead or decaying branches
                                           within the canopy of a tree.
                                           Branches>30mm diameter overhang pedestrian or vehicular areas should be removed.
                                           Branches> 50mm diameter in a playground or similar should be removed.

                  Leader                   Primary terminal shoot or trunk which is usually upright. It dominates a portion of the crown by
                                           suppressing lateral branches.

                  Lateral                  A secondary or subordinate branch.

                  Lopping                  Tree works to remove in excess of 50% of the tree canopy and/or structure including pruning, which is not
                                           to the collar, resulting in exposed stubs. ‘Lopping’ is poor pruning practice and is contrary to Australian
                                           Standard Pruning of Amenity Trees 4373-2007. The unacceptable practice of cutting branches or stems
                                           between branch unions or at internodes on young trees. It is generally accepted that ‘lopping’ will shorten
                                           the length of a tree’s life and may lead to the decline and ultimate death of a tree.
                                           Topping/heading back/lopping involves cutting back to a stub, bud or a lateral branch not large enough to
                                           assume apical dominance. Severe heading causes branch dieback, decay and epicormic growth from the
                                           cut ends, resulting in a potentially dangerous situation once the sprouts become elongated and heavy.
                                           Topping or heading back is not recommended pruning practice.

                  Apical Dominance         Condition where the terminal buds inhibit growth and development of lateral buds on the same stem.

                  Foliage Removal          The amount of live wood and foliage that can be removed per season depends on the growth rate of the
                                           tree. For actively growing medium age trees, up to 20% of the foliage may be removed per season. More
                                           severe pruning slows root growth by shifting the root to shoot growth ratio. This adds significant stress to
                                           the tree. Heavy pruning also reduces carbohydrate reserves, making the tree less tolerant of insects,
                                           diseases and drought stress.
                                           (Ref: Colorado State University Master Gardener Program - Garden Notes #616 – Pruning Mature Shade
                                           Trees)

                  Co-Dominant Stems/Tri-   Originate from same position of the main stem (trunk) and grow to about the same diameter. Over time
                  Dominant Stems           stems push on each other and cracks develop below the stems. If cracks form, the stems become a high
                                           risk for failure under low to moderate loading. Included Bark develops by being covered by the growing
                                           together of adjacent, vertically growing stems or branches, creating a weakened internal joint.
                                           Or
                                           Stems or trunks of about the same size originating from the same position from the main stem. When the
                                           stem bark ridge turns upwards, the union is strong; when the ridge turns inward, the union is weak, a likely
                                           point of failure in storm or windy swather conditions or where increasing weight causes undue stress on
                                           the defective union. (Australian Standard Pruning of Amenity Trees 4373-2007)

                  Epicormic Growth         Epicormic buds lie dormant beneath the bark, their growth suppressed by hormones from active shoots
                                           higher up the plant. Under certain conditions they develop into active shoots, such as when damage
                                           occurs to higher parts of the plant or light levels are increased following removal of nearby plants.
                                           Epicormic buds and shoots occur in many woody species, but are absent from many others, such as most
                                           conifers.

                  Nectria                  Fungi most often encountered on decaying wood but some species can also occur as parasites of trees,
                                           especially fruit trees (for example apple) and a number of other hardwood trees. Some species are
                                           significant pests causing diseases such as apple canker.

                  Kino                     A dark red to brown resin-like substance produced by some species of trees. Kino forms when living cells
                                           are injured and infected.
                                           (Ref: A New Tree Biology Dictionary – Alex L. Shigo).

                  Useful Life Expectancy   A guide or measure of tree life expectancy and how long a tree could be expected to be retained safely,
                                           and usefully, in normal circumstances [when not subject to abnormal or adverse conditions such as
                                           adverse or extreme weather, mechanical interference, property development or impact by machinery etc].


                 Arborist Report for 28 Eenie Creek Road, Noosaville
                 Prepared by Arbor Operations – July 2020
Document Set ID: 21753628
                  21426255
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Version: 1, Version Date: 12/01/2022
                          24/03/2021