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Ridgewood_12-002_Odour_AdditionalInfoRequest_L181BH_110913
Ref: L18113/BH/10-054
11 September 2013
W Donald Milligan Pty Ltd
124 Top Forestry Road
Ridgewood QLD 4563
Attention: Mr David Milligan
Dear David
Re: Response to Sunshine Coast Regional Council Outstanding Issues
Request –
Odour Issues -
Proposed Poultry Growing Sheds, Ridgewood
Further to your request, MWA Environmental has reviewed the Sunshine Coast
Regional Council (“SCRC”) ‘Outstanding Issues Request’ (28 June 2013) (“the
outstanding issues request”) in relation to the proposed poultry farm at 124 Top
Forestry Road, Ridgewood.
The outstanding issues request is for further information regarding:
• Operational management;
• Traffic engineering;
• Odour; and
• Stormwater treatment and water quality management.
This letter responds to the additional information requested by SCRC in relation to
odour issues, as follows:
Max Winders & Associates Pty Ltd tas MWA Environmental
Level 15, 241 Adelaide St, Brisbane GPO BOX 3137, Brisbane Qld 4001
P 07 3002 5500 F 07 3002 5588 E [email protected]
W www.mwaenviro.com.au
ABN 94 010 833 084
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Page 2
Mr David Milligan, W Donald Milligan Pty Ltd 11 September 2013
Re: Response to Sunshine Coast Regional Council Outstanding Issues Request – Proposed Poultry
Growing Sheds, Ridgewood L18113/BH/12-002
Detailed responses to each of the odour issues raised in the outstanding issues
request are provided separately in the following sections. It is noted that for clarity,
the order of response has been modified from the above request.
• Provide a revised Air Quality Impact Assessment which assesses in addition to the
proposed sheds:
• Provide all assumptions made for the odour modelling including the litter stock piling
times, footprint of the spreading area, spreading area timeframes, litter moisture
content with respect to the storage areas and the spreading/breakdown of litter.
Where the modelling indicates that the relevant guidelines are exceeded, then the
report should make recommendations for amelioration accordingly.
The broiler chicken growing cycle is typically a 55 to 59 day period with a
break of approximately 14 days between batches to allow for shed clean-out,
maintenance and preparation. Five to six batches per year are generally
produced from broiler farms.
The preference of poultry processors is typically for all sheds at a farm to be
stocked with new birds within a period of 1 to 3 days to allow for efficiency by
way of synchronisation of feed, catch-out and cleanout schedules. There is
the potential to ‘stagger’ batches (e.g. 4 sheds day 1 then 4 sheds day 31) to
minimise the peak odour emissions from a farm. This is typically a measure
that may be considered as a corrective action in accordance with a Site-
Based Environmental Management Plan in the event of a farm causing odour
nuisance. For the purpose of this response, the standard stocking regime
has been considered.
Odour emissions from the sheds after final removal of birds and the clean-out
of the litter are negligible for the period between batches. Similarly, due to
low bird mass and higher target temperatures, overall odour emissions from
the broiler sheds are minimal during the first 3 weeks of a batch cycle1.
In order to minimise the potential cumulative odour impact from the
stockpiling and spreading of the spent litter, the proponent intends to spread
within 4 to 5 weeks of the shed clean-out. Under this operational regime,
odour emissions from the stockpiling and spreading of the spent litter occur
during the period when only minor emissions are generated from the broiler
sheds. Overall odour emissions from the litter stockpiles are significantly
lower than from the broiler sheds and thus the stockpiling period is not
anticipated to generate peak odour impacts beyond that of the broiler farm.
A review of the required area for the litter stockpiling has been undertaken in
conjunction with Callaghan & Toth and a compost stockpiling / turning
machine manufacturer2. The initially proposed 280m2 bunded stockpile area
was found to be inadequate to efficiently stockpile the litter.
1
Typically 10% to 15% of peak odour emissions during later stages of the batch cycle
2
Seymour Rural Equipment Pty Ltd
2
Page 3
Mr David Milligan, W Donald Milligan Pty Ltd 11 September 2013
Re: Response to Sunshine Coast Regional Council Outstanding Issues Request – Proposed Poultry
Growing Sheds, Ridgewood L18113/BH/12-002
The volume of litter has been calculated as follows for the purpose of
designing the stockpile areas:
• 75mm depth of litter within the sheds (conservative assumption)
• full litter replacement of all sheds at the end of each batch
(conservative assumption)
• total floor area of 8 sheds 13,695m2
Total litter volume of 1027m3 per batch3
It has been determined by the proponent that the use of a compost turning
machine (tow-behind tractor) will be the most efficient means of stockpiling
the spent litter and maintaining aerobic conditions to minimise odour
emissions during the stockpiling period. Potential systems are manufactured
by ‘JPH Equipment’ (http://ozturners.com.au/icwp/products/compost-turners/)
and Seymour Rural Equipment Pty Ltd
(http://www.seymourrural.com.au/compost-turner-4000.html) and can
integrate stockpile covers (i.e. pick and replace covers after turner passes
along stockpile). The compost turning machines produce linear stockpiles
approximately 1.5 metres high by 3 metres wide.
Advice from the manufacturer is that a Seymour ‘Compost Turner 4000’
produces linear stockpiles that will hold approximately 2.5m3 of litter per lineal
metre of stockpile.
The required length of stockpiles is calculated as follows:
• Total litter volume of 1027m3
• Stockpile capacity of 2.5m3 of litter per lineal metre
Total 410 lineal metres 4 of stockpile required
Based upon advice from Seymour Rural Equipment Pty Ltd, Callaghan & Toth
has designed two bunded stockpile storage areas to accommodate up to 486
lineal metres of the litter stockpiles. This provides a reserve stockpile length
of 76 metres as a redundancy in the event that a larger litter volume is
produced from the sheds than anticipated or that a smaller volume compost
turning machine is used as the site.
The two litter stockpile areas are shown on Callaghan & Toth Plan 01 Rev D
Page 9 (September 2013) (refer Attachment 1) and are generally described
as follows:
3 3
0.075 x 13695 = 1027m
4 3 2
1027m ÷ 2.5m = 410 metres
3
Page 4
Mr David Milligan, W Donald Milligan Pty Ltd 11 September 2013
Re: Response to Sunshine Coast Regional Council Outstanding Issues Request – Proposed Poultry
Growing Sheds, Ridgewood L18113/BH/12-002
Northern Stockpile Area (adjacent Shed 5)
300 lineal metres of stockpile within a 120m x 22.5m bunded area
76 lineal metres of reserve stockpile within a 82m x 14m bunded area
Southern Stockpile Area (adjacent Shed 3)
110 lineal metres of stockpile within a 75m x 19m bunded area
Specific details requested by SCRC are summarised as follows:
Litter stockpiling time
4 to 5 weeks (including spreading) commencing from day of cleanout.
If, due to unforeseen circumstances, litter is not able to be spread
within the available 4 to 5 week period then, in the event of odour
nuisance, the litter may be removed from the site by a regulated waste
transport company as occurs for many broiler farms that do not have
to ability to reuse the material on-site.
Footprint of the Spreading Area
Litter is to be spread on the terraces containing avocado trees (not to
steep slopes) which will act to control runoff from the fertilised areas.
In accordance with the Queensland Department of Agriculture,
Fisheries and Forestry Guidelines: Meat Chicken Farms (2012) a
minimum buffer of 50 metres is to be maintained between litter
spreading areas and waterways, including Blackfellow Creek. It is
also recommended that a minimum setback of 50 metres is retained
from spreading areas to the southern, eastern and northern property
boundaries to avoid near-field odour influence on adjacent properties.
Spreading Area Timeframes
Litter will be spread from the stockpiles within 4 to 5 weeks of the litter
being removed from the sheds. It is recommended that litter only be
spread during the 6am to 6pm period and when winds are from
easterly directions to ensure that odour emissions are directed
towards the state forest and away from sensitive receptors.
Litter Moisture Content
In order to manage odour and dust emission potential from the sheds,
litter moisture content is to be maintained in the range 15% to 30%.
This will be the moisture content upon placement in stockpiles. For a
commercial composting operation, litter moisture content may
approach 50% but this is unlikely to be the case at the subject site
given that the stockpiles are to be covered and will only be maintained
for 4 to 5 weeks. The final moisture content in the stockpiles is likely
to be in the order of 30 to 40% prior to spreading.
4
Page 5
Mr David Milligan, W Donald Milligan Pty Ltd 11 September 2013
Re: Response to Sunshine Coast Regional Council Outstanding Issues Request – Proposed Poultry
Growing Sheds, Ridgewood L18113/BH/12-002
• The quantitative odour impacts from the required amount of shed litter stockpile
storage areas to be used for storage of the litter prior to disposal/spreading on site.
It is proposed to minimise potential odour impacts from the stockpiling of the
spent litter by:
• Stockpiling and spreading spent litter only during the period when
odour emissions from the broiler sheds is minimal (i.e. between
batches and during the first 3 weeks of the next batch);
• Covering stockpiles to reduce fugitive odour emissions; and
• Maintaining aerobic conditions in stockpiles using a dedicated
compost-turning machine.
MWA Environmental has calculated that the total surface area of 486 lineal
metres of stockpile will be approximately 2141m2. Odour emissions from the
litter stockpiles have been taken from monitoring undertaken at Queensland
Organics for the purposes of the Queensland Health study of the Narangba
Industrial Estate5. The measured odour emission rate from a ‘fresh (poultry)
manure stockpile’ was 350 OU.m3/minute/m2.
Odour emission rates from the litter stockpiles are thus estimated to be a total
of 12,500 OU.m3/second6 during the potential 35 day stockpiling period. As a
conservative assumption, no odour emission reduction has been applied to
account for the covering of the stockpiles.
MWA Environmental has represented odour emissions from the spent litter
stockpiles in the CALPUFF dispersion model for the 35 day period from the
completion of each batch cycle (i.e. 35 days from shed cleanout). Litter
stockpiling emissions were modelled as area sources representing the
dimensions of the proposed northern and southern stockpile pads. Aside
from the representation of odour emissions from the litter stockpile, no further
changes to the odour model described in the report Noise and Air Quality
Impact Assessment – Proposed Poultry Growing Sheds – 124 Top Forestry
Road, Ridgewood (MWA Environmental, 5 November 2012).
A plot of the model-predicted cumulative 99.5th percentile 1 hour average
odour concentrations over the model domain for the default Stocking
regime with litter stockpiling are included in Attachment 2. The model-
predicted cumulative 99.5th percentile 1 hour average odour concentrations at
the representative surrounding residences (R1 to R10, refer Figure 1) are
summarised in Table 1 below.
5
Narangba Industrial Estate Emission Monitoring Programme May - June 2009 (Golder AWN, October
2009)
6 3 2 2 3
350 OU.m /minute/m x 2141m ÷ 60 sec/min = 12489 OU.m /second
5
Page 6
Mr David Milligan, W Donald Milligan Pty Ltd 11 September 2013
Re: Response to Sunshine Coast Regional Council Outstanding Issues Request – Proposed Poultry
Growing Sheds, Ridgewood L18113/BH/12-002
Table 1: Model-Predicted 99.5th Percentile Odour Concentrations
Cumulative Impact Broiler Farm & Litter Stockpiling
MODEL-PREDICTED
th
CUMULATIVE 99.5
RECEPTOR PERCENTILE 1 HOUR
AVERAGE ODOUR
CONCENTRATION (OU)
R1 2.4
R2 1.8
R3 1.4
R4 1.1
R5 0.7
R6 0.5
R7 0.8
R8 0.7
R9 0.5
R10 1.0
Guideline 2.5
The results of the modelling indicate that the cumulative impact of the litter
stockpiling and the proposed eight shed poultry farm can comply with the
relevant odour amenity criterion subject to the implementation of best-practice
farm management practices.
• The quantitative odour impacts of spreading spent litter across the footprint of the
existing avocado farm.
The site has operated as an avocado orchard for over 15 years and prior to
that as a range of fruit orchards. Fertiliser application is an integral
component of the existing use and advice from the proponent is the manures
have previously been applied at the site without generating any significant
odour nuisance. Imported manure-based fertiliser may continue to be used at
the site but the primary driver for moving away from the use of manures was
the relative cost of this fertiliser.
6
Page 7
Mr David Milligan, W Donald Milligan Pty Ltd 11 September 2013
Re: Response to Sunshine Coast Regional Council Outstanding Issues Request – Proposed Poultry
Growing Sheds, Ridgewood L18113/BH/12-002
A key goal of the proposed poultry farm proposal is to allow for the reuse of
the spent litter on-site. The reuse minimises waste product generated from
the poultry farm and integrates the activity with the existing avocado orchard.
Given the dynamic nature of fertiliser application (i.e. variations in locations
and sizes of application areas, varying meteorological conditions) it is not
considered feasible to undertake a reliable quantitative modelling
assessment. This notwithstanding, it is considered that with the available
separation distance to sensitive receptors and appropriate application
methods there is the potential to minimise the risk of odour nuisance.
The proponent intends to apply litter within 4 to 5 weeks of the clean-out from
the sheds. Odour emissions from the litter will deplete reasonably quickly
following application (substantially reduced over several days). This
operational program will ensure that odour emissions from the spreading of
litter do not coincide with peak odour emission periods from the next batch of
birds in the poultry sheds. There should therefore not be significant
cumulative impacts from the litter spreading within the orchard and the broiler
farm.
The available setback distances from the subject site boundary to sensitive
receptors is summarised in Table 2 below for the receptor locations shown on
Figure 1.
Table 2: Setback Distances from Nearest Property Boundary to
Sensitive Receptors
Distance from
Residence Residence to Site
Boundary (m)
1 415
2 250
3 365
4 610
5 970
6 1450
7 520
8 550
9 825
10 925
It is recommended that litter not be spread within 50 metres of the southern,
eastern and northern property boundaries to minimise potential near-field
odour influences on adjacent properties. On this basis, litter spreading should
not occur within 300 metres of a sensitive receptor. This provides a
significant minimum setback distance to allow for odour dilution and
dispersion.
7
Page 8
Mr David Milligan, W Donald Milligan Pty Ltd 11 September 2013
Re: Response to Sunshine Coast Regional Council Outstanding Issues Request – Proposed Poultry
Growing Sheds, Ridgewood L18113/BH/12-002
Analysis undertaken by MWA Environmental indicates that winds from the
northeasterly to southeasterly sector are present in the order of 56% of hours
between 6am and 6pm. Seasonal and annual wind roses extracted from the
CALMET meteorological model output for the 6am to 6pm period are included
as Attachment 3. The wind roses demonstrate that there is ample
opportunity during all seasons for litter to be spread under wind conditions
that will not result in odour emissions impacting on sensitive receptors.
Given the spatial constraints of the orchard terraces, litter is expected to be
spread using a relatively small ground-driven spreader mounted to a small
tractor. These spreader systems typically have a fairly short broadcast
distances and velocity which will minimise potential for excessive dust (and
associated odorous particles) to be released to the atmosphere. The
vegetated terrace structures will assist in reducing entrainment of litter in the
atmosphere during periods of high wind speeds. This notwithstanding, it may
be necessary to dampen the surface of the litter by irrigation during high wind
conditions to minimise potential fugitive dust (and odour) emissions.
Development approvals for poultry farms typically include a condition
requiring the implementation of a Site-Based Environmental Management
Plan prior to the commencement of use. This Site-Based Environmental
Management Plan should include management measures to minimise the risk
of odour nuisance from the spreading of litter, such as:
• Spreading of litter within 4 to 5 weeks of clean-out from the poultry
sheds to ensure that odour emissions from the spreading of litter
do not coincide with peak odour emission periods from the next
batch of birds in the poultry sheds.
• Maintaining a minimum setback of 50 metres from the southern,
eastern and northern property boundaries to minimise potential
near-field odour influences on adjacent properties.
• Spreading of litter only when prevailing winds are from the
northeasterly to southeasterly sector.
• Use of appropriate low velocity spreading equipment to minimise
release of dust (and associated odours) into the atmosphere.
• Dampening of applied litter during high wind speed periods to
minimise potential fugitive dust (and odour) emissions.
• Corrective actions in the event of odour nuisance, including:
Review of spreading locations, methods and practices to
identify measure to reduce impacts; and
If necessary, export of litter from site if noted to generate
excessive odour emissions.
8
Page 9
Mr David Milligan, W Donald Milligan Pty Ltd 11 September 2013
Re: Response to Sunshine Coast Regional Council Outstanding Issues Request – Proposed Poultry
Growing Sheds, Ridgewood L18113/BH/12-002
Based upon the available setback distances to residences, the proposed
spreading methods and prevailing meteorological conditions, it is considered
that the reuse of the poultry litter on-site can be managed in accordance with
a Site-Based Environmental Management Plan to not cause unreasonable
odour impacts at sensitive receptors.
Yours sincerely
Ben Hyde
Environmental Engineer
9
Page 10
FIGURES
Max Winders & Associates Pty Ltd tas MWA Environmental
Level 15, 241 Adelaide St, Brisbane GPO BOX 3137, Brisbane Qld 4001
P 07 3002 5500 F 07 3002 5588 E [email protected]
W www.mwaenviro.com.au
ABN 94 010 833 084
Page 11
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LEGEND
Site Boundary
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Proposed Poultry Sheds
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Nearest Residences (R1-R10)
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W DONALD MILLIGAN PTY LTD
PROJECT
RIDGEWOOD
Noise and Air Quality
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Impact Assessment
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Proposed Poultry Growing Sheds
124 Top Forestry Road Ridgewood
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TITLE
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FIGURE 1
JOB NO. 12-002
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750 Max Winders & Associates Pty Ltd tas MWA Environmental
Level 15, 241 Adelaide St, Brisbane. GPO BOX 3137, Brisbane Qld 4001
P 07 3002 5500 F 07 3002 5588 E [email protected]
W www.mwaenviro.com.au
metres
metres ABN 94 010 833 084
Page 12
ATTACHMENT 1
Callaghan & Toth Plans
Showing Litter Stockpile Areas
Max Winders & Associates Pty Ltd tas MWA Environmental
Level 15, 241 Adelaide St, Brisbane GPO BOX 3137, Brisbane Qld 4001
P 07 3002 5500 F 07 3002 5588 E [email protected]
W www.mwaenviro.com.au
ABN 94 010 833 084
Page 13
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Page 14
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Page 15
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Page 16
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Page 17
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Page 18
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Page 19
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Page 20
ATTACHMENT 2
Predicted 99.5th Percentile 1 Hour Average Odour
Concentrations
Cumulative Operation of Broiler Sheds and Litter
Stockpiling
Max Winders & Associates Pty Ltd tas MWA Environmental
Level 15, 241 Adelaide St, Brisbane GPO BOX 3137, Brisbane Qld 4001
P 07 3002 5500 F 07 3002 5588 E [email protected]
W www.mwaenviro.com.au
ABN 94 010 833 084
Page 21
Poultry Sheds + Litter Stockpiles
Figure A2
1-hour average 99.5th percentile predicted odour concentration
for No Staggered Stocking scenario and Litter Stockpiles
Ridgewood 12-002 Guideline: 2.5 Odour Units August 2013
Page 22
ATTACHMENT 3
CALMET Model
6am to 6pm Seasonal and Annual Wind Roses
Max Winders & Associates Pty Ltd tas MWA Environmental
Level 15, 241 Adelaide St, Brisbane GPO BOX 3137, Brisbane Qld 4001
P 07 3002 5500 F 07 3002 5588 E [email protected]
W www.mwaenviro.com.au
ABN 94 010 833 084
Page 23
Wind roses for each season between the hours of 6am and 6pm predicted for the Ridgewood site for CALMET 2008
Summer Autumn Key
Calms 0.93% Calms 0.36%
Winter Spring Annual
Calms 1.09% Calms 0.55% Calms 0.73%