Appendix M - Operational Waste Management Plan · MCU21/0146

C.4         Refuse Minimisation Options
Refuse Minimisation Options – Waste

 Systems               Description

 Composting            Food waste composing is an option of reducing the amount of general waste going to landfill where organic
                       waste can create methane gas due to anaerobic digestion, which contributes to global warming. Systems of
                       different scales exist from small benchtop composters for individual households or apartments to commercial
                       size systems. Examples are shown below.

                       The process usually involves breaking down organic food scraps through natural processes. This includes
                       systems such as worm farms or composters where microbes break down the food waste, with or without the
                       aid of compost additives. The composted products are rich in nutrients and good bacteria, and they can be
                       added to flower bed or gardens.

                       Most food wastes and other organic (garden) material can be composted including meat, fish, vegetables,
                       fruit, dairy, coffee or wilted flowers. However, large bones, excessive liquids such as cooking oil or seafood
                       shells should not be placed in the composers.




                       Sources: https://www.urbancomposter.com.au, https://closedloop.com.au/upcycling-products,

 Waste                 Converting waste by reducing its volume and weight means less material to be disposed of, which results in
 Conversion            fewer refuse collection vehicle kilometres. This allows cost savings in logistics and has a positive environmental
                       effect due to less fuel used per amount of waste to be disposed.
                       As an example, OMPECO provide a solution for converting general and medical waste into a sterilised,
                       dehydrated ground material as shown below. The process involves loading the sterilisation chamber with
                       waste material and crushing / shredding of the material by rotors to produce a fine ground. During the
                       process, the material is heated by friction to 100˚C which causes the moisture in the waste material to
                       evaporate. After evaporation, the material is heated further to sterilisation or pasteurisation. The ground
                       material is then cooled down to be unloaded from the converter. The final product has excellent long-term
                       handling and storage properties, the it has up to 80% less volume and 50% less weight than the original waste
                       material. It can be used in waste to energy systems as it is comparatively dry with a high calorific value.




                       Source: http://www.ompeco.com/italian/language/en/home-2/#




Site: 17-19 Hofmann Drive, Noosaville                                                                                                   28
Reference: 21BRW0009