Original source · versioned page text
2020-02-11 P&E Agenda - Item 5 - Attachment 2 - Draft Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020
Text sections have not been matched to the original PDF pages. Use the original document to check page numbers.
Plans and drawings
This document appears to be plans or drawings. Its page text below holds only the words printed on the drawings, without the drawings themselves, so it may be jumbled or hard to follow. To see the plans as drawn, choose Original above or download the file (both need you to log in).
Log in to see the plans as drawn Planning & Environment
Committee Agenda
11 February 2020
Item 5 - Attachment 2
Noosa Biosecurity Plan
2020
DRAFT
Feral pig Sus scrofa
Photo: Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
See the original
The page text is free to read. Viewing or downloading an original file needs an account.
Log in to see the originalLog in to download the original file
Large file: the download may take up to a minute.
Searchable page text hides email addresses. Original files are unchanged and may show email addresses.
Full text of the other 43 sections
Section 2
© Noosa Council 2020 www.noosa.qld.gov.au General Enquiries: By telephone: (07) 5329 6500 By email: [email protected] Fax: (07) 5329 6501 Street Address: 9 Pelican Street, TEWANTIN Postal address: PO Box 141, TEWANTIN QLD 4565 Endorsed by Noosa Council 20 February 2020
Section 3
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 3
2. Introduction and purpose.................................................................................................... 4
3. Background and Context .................................................................................................... 5
3.1 Description of Noosa Shire ....................................................................................... 5
3.2 Why do we need a Biosecurity Plan? ....................................................................... 7
3.3 What are invasive biosecurity matters? .................................................................... 7
3.4 Regulation ................................................................................................................ 8
3.5 Plan objectives ......................................................................................................... 8
3.6 Scope ....................................................................................................................... 9
3.7 Stakeholders ............................................................................................................ 9
4. Management approach ...................................................................................................... 10
4.1 Reporting and management response ................................................................... 10
4.2 Shire wide priorities for Schedule 1 & 2 invasive species ....................................... 10
4.3 Climate change ...................................................................................................... 14
5. Management methods ....................................................................................................... 16
5.1 Invasive plants ....................................................................................................... 16
5.1.1 Property pest management plans ..................................................................... 16
5.1.2 Management techniques................................................................................... 17
5.1.3 Timing................................................................................................................ 18
5.2 Invasive animals..................................................................................................... 19
5.2.1 Management techniques................................................................................... 19
5.2.2 Timing of management actions......................................................................... 20
5.2.3 Code of Practice................................................................................................ 22
6. Information systems .......................................................................................................... 23
6.1 Historic data and information .................................................................................. 23
6.2 Surveys .................................................................................................................. 24
6.2.1 Pest survey program ......................................................................................... 24
6.2.2 Shire-wide surveys ............................................................................................ 24
6.2.3 Targeted surveys .............................................................................................. 25
6.3 Data collection applications .................................................................................... 26
6.3.1 ‘Collector App’-Council...................................................................................... 26
7. Community engagement ................................................................................................... 28
8. Summary ............................................................................................................................ 29
9. The Noosa Environment Strategy 2019 ............................................................................ 30
10. Noosa Biosecurity Implementation Action Plan .............................................................. 32
11. Appendices ........................................................................................................................ 36
11.1 Invasive species list ............................................................................................... 36
11.2 Useful websites on invasive species ...................................................................... 43
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 2
Section 4
1. Executive Summary
Biosecurity is defined as efforts to prevent, respond to, and recover from, pests and diseases that
threaten the economy and the environment. Under the Biosecurity Act 2014 all public and private
landowners have a general biosecurity obligation to control invasive plants and animals on their land.
The Act also requires local governments to have a Biosecurity Plan for their local government area.
Reducing the threat of biosecurity risks is a key action under the Noosa Environment Strategy 2019.
Invasive animals and plants can be a threat to biodiversity, agriculture and human health. Prevention
and eradication at early stages can save a significant amount of financial resources in the long term.
The purpose of the Plan is to identify priority actions for local government, other government
agencies and private landowners on biosecurity matters within Noosa Shire.
It is also acknowledged that some introduced plants are now naturalised and perform an ecosystem
function stabilising soil, providing habitat for fauna and absorbing nutrients in wetland areas. Extreme
control measures without natural regenerative approaches can cause environmental harm. This Plan
takes a risk management approach with pest plants and animals and prioritises geographic areas
for targeted inspections and management actions.
Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
Photo: Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 3
Section 5
2. Introduction and purpose Noosa has an extensive vegetation network with a diverse representation of ecosystems, fauna and flora, and habitat. Protected areas make up a third of the shire and a significant amount of vegetation and habitat exist on private land. Along with development and climate change, invasive animals and plants are a significant threat to Noosa’s biodiversity values. The livelihood of landowners can also be impacted by pest species. Wild dogs predate on stock and weeds can infest pasture and reduce productivity. The Noosa Biosecurity Plan aims to avoid and mitigate these threats, recognising that taking a risk management approach and prioritising actions in a practical and logical way, is the way forward to achieve the best outcomes for public and private landowners. The purpose of the Plan is to guide actions for local government and landowners concerning biosecurity risks in relation to invasive plants and animals. Under the Biosecurity Act 2014, public and private landowners have a general obligation to take reasonable and practical steps to minimise biosecurity matters that may present a risk to people, industry and/or the environment. This is consistent with the Noosa Environment Strategy, which has targets for retaining ecosystem values and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 4
Section 6
3. Background and Context
3.1 Description of Noosa Shire
Geological history and a sub-tropical climate has shaped Noosa’s landscape and ecosystems. The
original inhabitants, the Kabi Kabi people, had a close affinity with their environment and were
influential in shaping vegetation and habitat, particularly through the use of fire, over many thousands
of years.
With European settlement in the late 1800s non-native plant and animal species were introduced
into the area, impacting on vegetation, flora and fauna. As settlement expanded so did the extent of
invasive species such as cats, dogs, pigs, ornamental plants and agricultural weeds. Other species
were accidently released which also threatened the environment and agricultural productivity. Today,
the release of invasive plants and animal species is still a risk and authorities are working hard to
minimise these threats through border controls and regulation through the Biosecurity Act 2014.
Some invasive species are now naturalised and are unlikely to ever be eradicated from Noosa Shire.
They may now perform an ecosystem function, for example, erosion control, habitat for native
species, or sequestration of nutrients from waterways. The role of the Noosa Biosecurity Plan is to
prioritise which species are a focus for management and identify actions that can be implemented
in a practical and cost effective way.
Broad-leaved pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius),
Photo: Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 5
Section 7
Map 1: Management of invasive biosecurity matters apply to all public and private landowners across the Shire Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 6
Section 8
3.2 Why do we need a Biosecurity Plan?
There are approximately 8.7million plant and animal species in the world and some of these
represent a biosecurity risk to Australia and Noosa. Plants and animals have been colonising
Australia from other parts of the world for thousands of years and recent occupation, settlement and
development have dramatically increased the abundance and diversity of introduced species.
Since European settlement several thousand plant and animal species have been introduced into
Australia. Many of these species are now well established and unlikely to be eradicated. Introduced
species can significantly impact on biodiversity, economies and community health. Alternatively
some introduced species can fulfil an ecosystem function, absorbing nutrients, protecting soil from
erosion and providing habitat for fauna.
Council has shire-wide jurisdiction concerning biosecurity matters but under the Biosecurity Act 2014
all landowners are responsible for biosecurity matters on their land. The Noosa Biosecurity Plan
2020 identifies priority invasive plants and animals that can be a problem in Noosa Shire and
management actions for landowners that are practical and feasible. Importantly consultation, raising
awareness and collaboration with key stakeholders and the Noosa community helps build capacity
to manage biosecurity matters across the shire.
3.3 What are invasive biosecurity matters?
The Qld Biosecurity Act 2014 identifies invasive species that are a threat to biodiversity, the economy
and the community. There are generally two types of biosecurity matters relevant to local
government jurisdiction:
Schedule 1 Prohibited matters: Invasive species that are a potential threat, however most
have not yet been recorded in Queensland. One of these species has been recorded in Noosa
Shire.
Schedule 2 Restricted matters: Invasive species that are already a threat in Queensland. 43
species have been recorded in Noosa Shire so far.
For prohibited and restricted matter there are 7 different categories of management controls
depending on the listed species concerned. Biosecurity Queensland and Noosa Council have certain
jurisdiction with invasive plants and animals as shown in Table 1.
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) Photo: Queensland DAF
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 7
Section 9
Management Biosecurity obligation Biosecurity Queensland Noosa Council role
categories role
for Schedule
1 & 2 listed
species
1 Must be reported to BQ within Regulatory Refer to BQ
24hrs Contain and eradicate
2 Must be reported to BQ or LGA Regulatory Regulatory
within 24hrs Reduce, control or contain Inform BQ
Reduce, control or contain
3 Cannot be supplied to another Regulatory Regulatory
person or released into the
environment
4 Cannot be moved so as to Regulatory Regulatory
avoid spreading
5 No possession allowed Regulatory Regulatory
6 Feeding not allowed unless Regulatory Regulatory
undertaking a control program
7 Must be destroyed if in Regulatory Refer to BQ
possession
Table 1: Management categories for Schedule 1 & 2 invasive biosecurity matters. Council’s regulatory role
applies to management categories 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6
For local government jurisdiction there are 160 species alone identified in Schedule 2 of the
Biosecurity Act 2014 defined as ‘restricted matter’. In addition there are a large number of non-
scheduled invasive species that may be voluntarily managed by landowners. An invasive species
list is provided in Appendix 1 of this document.
3.4 Regulation
Queensland Biosecurity and Local Government Officers have powers under the Biosecurity Act 2014
to regulate biosecurity matters. In addition Council officers have powers under the Local Government
Act 2009. In the majority of situations Council officers are able to negotiate acceptable solutions for
landholders that have an obligation to manage biosecurity matters. Under certain circumstances
officers may take the following actions:
Enter land to inspect biosecurity matters.
Issue and enforce a biosecurity order.
Control a biosecurity matter and recover costs.
3.5 Plan objectives
The development of the Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 is a requirement of the Biosecurity Act 2014
and is necessary to achieve the biodiversity and sustainable living outcomes of the Noosa
Environment Strategy. This plan supersedes the Noosa LGA Pest Management Plan 2015-2019.
The Noosa Environment Strategy has a specific identified outcome that;
Invasive pest species are managed strategically to reduce impacts on native species and
habitats, as well as recreation and tourism values.
This Plan’s objective is to achieve that outcome through management of invasive plant and animal
biosecurity risks to people, biodiversity, and the local economy, based on priorities and actions that
are reasonable and practical for all landowners.
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 8
Section 10
3.6 Scope The Plan applies to the Noosa local government area covering all public and private land. With respect to public land the Plan applies to Queensland Government land such as National Park and Council-controlled land including bushland reserves, parks and gardens and road reserves. With regard to private land, Council plays an advocacy role in supporting landowners to identify and manage biosecurity risks on their land. In some cases Council will collaborate with private landowners to implement actions to manage priority biosecurity risks, such as feral animal control. Council plays a role in reporting biosecurity matters to Biosecurity Queensland. Under the Biosecurity Act 2014 Council is responsible for regulating Schedule 2 Invasive Biosecurity Matter - Restricted plants and animals (see Appendix 1). The Plan does not consider fauna species protected under the Nature Conservation Act 1992 that may be a nuisance to some residents. Examples include flying-foxes, magpies, brush turkeys and snakes. This Plan does not consider domestic or public health risks such as vermin, mosquitoes, biting midges or cockroaches or pathogens of humans, domestic animals, livestock or plants. 3.7 Stakeholders Stakeholders include Queensland Government agencies such as the Queensland Parks & Wildlife Service, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, Queensland Rail and the Department of Transport and Main Roads. Adjoining local government authorities are also key stakeholders in managing invasive species. Non-government stakeholders include private landowners, catchment management associations, Landcare and local environment groups. Council has a close working relationship with bushland care volunteers and private landowners involved with the Land for Wildlife and Voluntary Conservation Agreement programs, also key stakeholders. Council’s private land conservation program provides an opportunity to engage with an extensive network of landowners across the extent of Noosa Shire, on biosecurity matters. The Biosecurity Plan guides Council’s activities with biosecurity matters on Council-controlled land. Council may notify and work with private landowners and other government agencies to manage biosecurity matters on their land. Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 9
Section 11
4. Management approach The most cost effective approach is to prevent invasive species from establishing within the shire. If invasive species are not detected early and eradicated, then costly long term management is required. Biosecurity Queensland, Noosa Council and landowners have been successful in eradicating several potentially invasive species from the shire. For example Water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea), Senegalia spp., Madras thorn (Pithecellobium dulce) and Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) were reported to Council by landowners and were eradicated through herbicide treatment and mechanical removal. Without early detection, reporting and timely eradication, there would have been potentially significant impacts for landowners and costly ongoing management. 4.1 Reporting and management response Reports of invasive species are provided through Council surveillance programs or from members of the public. The response from Council to landowners will depend on the species concerned and whether they are a scheduled species under the Biosecurity Act 2014 (see Figure 1 below). Figure 1: Decision tool for incoming reports of invasive species 4.2 Shire wide priorities for Schedule 1 & 2 invasive species To guide Council’s prioritised management of scheduled species an expert panel has assessed the risk and management feasibility of Schedule 1 & 2 invasive species that have been recorded in Noosa Shire previously. Note that all public and private landowners within Noosa Shire have a biosecurity obligation for all Schedule 1 & 2 invasive matters regardless of the prioritisation score. Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 10
Section 12
The risk assessment was based on invasive species current extent, risk to biodiversity, economy
and people. The feasibility of control was also considered, with all Schedule 2 species given a
priority score. The prioritisation methodology considered;
Likelihood of establishment (scored between 1 and 5, where 5 was the highest likelihood)
Ecological impact (scored between 1 and 5, where 5 was the highest impact)
Economic impact (scored between 1 and 5, where 5 was the highest impact)
Community impact (scored between 1 and 5, where 5 was the highest impact)
Feasibility of management actions (scored between 1 and 10, where 10 was the highest
likelihood of success)
The invasive species, with their prioritisation score, are further categorised into priority management
responses of prevention, eradication or containment. This is depicted in the generalised invasion
curve below. Note that actual on-ground actions for landowners will depend on the extent of
infestation.
Figure 2: Generalised invasion curve
‘Prevention’ is the highest priority followed by ‘eradication’ and ‘containment’. Investment priorities
will mirror the results of the risk assessment. In most circumstances, Priority 1 species will require
little investment, but if they do show up in Noosa immediate resources will need to be allocated.
This plan also prioritises targeting biosecurity threats that have the best chance of being eradicated
(Priority 2: Eradication list) completely from Noosa. The Priority lists enables extra resources to be
targeted towards the next highest risk species – the more the investment, the more effective
eradication and containment will be, and the further down the list management actions will be
undertaken. It is hoped that improvements in technologies and techniques, along with active
management, may see some of the Priority 3: Containment threats able to move to potentially
eradicable in the future, or at least to achieve local eradications.
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 11
Section 13
Results of the risk assessment and management feasibility assessment are shown in the table
below:
Priority 1: Prevention Management Priority
category Score
Outcome: New invasive species are prevented from entering the
shire
Note: The species below were previously eradicated from shire and are a high
priority for monitoring. Any new invasive species that enter Noosa Shire are
added to this list
Water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea and N. plena) 2,3,4,5 27
Madras thorn (Pithecellobium dulce) 2,3,4,5 23
Acacia (Senegalia spp.) (Schedule 1) 1 23
Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) 3 22
Mexican bean tree (Cecropia pachystachya, C. palmata and C. peltata) 2,3,4,5 22
Priority 2: Eradication Management Priority
category Score
Outcome: Invasive species currently present in the shire are
eradicated
Note: The species below could feasibly be eradicated from the shire with
sufficient resourcing
African fountain grass (Cenchrus setaceum) 3 22
Annual ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) 3 22
Bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundifolia) 2,3,4,5 22
Chinee apple (Ziziphus mauritiana) 3 22
Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) 3 21
Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) 3 21
Yellow oleander, Captain Cook tree (Cascabela thevetia syn. Thevetia 21
peruviana) 3
Creeping lantana (Lantana montevidensis) 3 20
Common pest pear, spiny pest pear (Opuntia stricta syn. O. inermis) 3 17
Drooping tree pear (O. monocantha syn. O. vulgaris) 3 17
Priority 3: Containment Management Priority
category Score
Outcome: Invasive species are contained within property
boundaries
Note: Eradication of these species from the shire is unlikely. For small
infestations or infestations that can be eradicated within 5 years, eradication is
more cost effective for landowners than ongoing containment.
Plants
Dutchman’s pipe (Aristolochia spp. other than native species) 3 23
African tulip tree (Spathodea campanulata) 3 22
Thunbergia (Thunbergia grandiflora syn. T. laurifolia) 3 22
Salvinia (Salvinia molesta) 3 22
Broad-leaf privet, tree privet (Ligustrum lucidum) 3 21
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 12
Section 14
Broad-leaved pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) 3 21
Cabomba (Cabomba caroliniana) 3 20
Yellow bells (Tecoma stans) 3 20
Cat’s claw creeper (Dolichandra unguis-cati) 3 19
Singapore daisy (Sphagneticola trilobata syn. Wedelia trilobata) 3 17
Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) 3 17
Groundsel bush (Baccharis halimifolia) 3 17
Lantana, common lantana (Lantana camara) 3 17
Asparagus fern (Asparagus aethiopicus, A. africanus and A. plumosus) 3 17
Camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) 3 16
Balloon vine (Cardiospermum grandiflorum) 3 16
Small-leaf privet, Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) 3 15
Mother of millions hybrid (Bryophyllum x houghtonii) 3 15
Chinese celtis (Celtis sinensis) 3 15
American rat’s tail grass (Sporobolus jacquemontii) 3 15
Giant Parramatta grass (S. fertilis) 3 15
Giant rat’s tail grass (S. pyramidalis and S. natalensis) 3 15
Priority 3: Containment Management Priority
category Score
Outcome: Feral animal populations are reduced to a manageable
level.
Note: Eradication of these species from the shire is unlikely.
Animals
Feral red deer (Cervus elaphus) 3,4,6 24
Dingo (Canis lupus dingo) 3,4,5,6 20
Dog (Canis lupus familiaris), other than a domestic dog 3,4,6 20
European fox (Vulpes vulpes) 3,4,5,6 19
Cat (Felis catus and Prionailurus bengalensis x Felis catus), other than 19
a domestic cat 3,4,6
Feral pig (Sus scrofa) 3,4,6 18
Table 2: Shire wide priorities for management of Schedule 1 & 2 invasive species that have been recorded in
Noosa Shire. Note that all public and private landowners have a biosecurity obligation to manage all scheduled
invasive species regardless of the prioritisation score.
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 13
Section 15
4.3 Climate change Climate change is predicted to make significant changes to ecosystems, vegetation and habitat over time. Although it is likely there will be some ‘winners and losers’ as a consequence of climate change, the response of pest species is still a developing science. AdaptNRM provides tools and resources to help manage weeds under a changing climate https://adaptnrm.csiro.au/ CLIMEX modelling is used to assess the suitability of regions for certain weed species under a future climate. This predictive tool allows land owners to adapt their management priorities in response to climate change. Map 2. CLIMEX modelling of Mimosa pigra, an invasive species. The map at the top is the current situation. The lower figure is a 2070 projection showing a decline in risk in northern Australia and an increased risk in southern Qld. Source: Waldon.,D., et al., in AdaptNRM, Supporting Weed Management Adaptation. Invasive species will respond in different ways under climate change pressure. A landowner’s adaptive response will depend on the nature of the climate change impact and the species concerned. Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 14
Section 16
Climate change Impact Invasive species Adaptation response
pressure response
Ecological
Increased Loss of biodiversity Certain fire dependant Fire dependant invasive species
temperature through more frequent invasive species can are rated as a high priority for
and severe wildfires dominate native management within the
species after fire. prioritisation table.
Tropical weed species Ecosystems that are susceptible
expected to expand to the impacts of wildfire, such as
their range to SEQ rainforest, are managed as fire
exclusion areas.
More severe flood Erosion of riparian Greater opportunity for Riparian buffer areas are
events areas invasive species to restored on a priority basis
invade areas impacted
by erosion
Sea level rise Salt water inundation Encourages salt Allow space for ecosystem
tolerant species transitional movement through
planning scheme protections and
environment levy land purchases
More severe storm Storm damage to Reduced canopy cover Assess through Bio-condition
events vegetation provides greater Assessments and remediate
opportunity for invasive based on priorities identified in
species to invade the Biodiversity Assessment
understory Report 2016
Prolonged drought Loss of biodiversity Drought tolerant Drought tolerant invasive
invasive species species are rated as a high
Changes to
outcompete native priority for management within
groundwater
species the prioritisation table
hydrology.
Alteration of flowering
patterns
Economic
Increased Reduced crop yield More favourable Landowners are encouraged to
temperature conditions for some manage invasive species that
invasive species to respond to temperature
invade crop and extremes
pasture areas
More severe flood Soil erosion and Weed species invade Landowners are encouraged to
events saturation disturbed areas minimise soil erosion through
land management practices
Prolonged drought Soil exposure Greater opportunity for Landowners are encouraged to
some weed species to apply soil conservation practices.
Potential overgrazing
dominate
Community
Increased Potential health issues Conditions may favour Asthma causing invasive species
temperature and such as asthma asthma causing are a high priority within the
dry conditions invasive species prioritisation table
Table 3. Climate change pressures and adaptive management responses
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 15
Section 17
5. Management methods The method of management will depend on whether the purpose of invasive species control is to prevent/mitigate threats to biodiversity, local economies or human health and also the extent of the infestation. 5.1 Invasive plants 5.1.1 Property pest management plans A property pest management plan can assist landowners where the extent of invasive species requires management over several years. The nature of the property pest management plan will depend on the desired outcomes, whether that be improving agricultural productivity or requiring ecological restoration. Private landowners may develop a property management plan as a requirement under the Biosecurity Act 2014, or voluntarily through a Land for Wildlife or Voluntary Conservation Agreement program, where ecological restoration is the main objective. Case study: Bushland Operational Assessments (BOAs) Council uses a Bushland Operational Assessment (BOA) methodology to assess the condition of its bushland reserves. Essentially a BOA spatially identifies the resilience of native vegetation against various threats such as weeds, fire, disturbance and nutrients and its recovery potential. Condition classes range from ‘Excellent resilience’ where full recovery is expected after natural disturbance to ‘Nil resilience’ where significant reconstruction is required to bring the site back to a natural condition. The BOAs are reviewed every 5 years to assess how the condition of the bushland reserve has changed over time. Figure 3. A BOA demonstrates how vegetation condition has changed over time through ecological restoration works 2010 2016 Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 16
Section 18
5.1.2 Management techniques
Public and private landowners use various methods of control of invasive species, often together to
take an integrated approach to management. Council is guided by industry best practice and will
continue to explore management alternatives that are safe, cost effective and practical. Each method
of invasive plant control can have advantages and disadvantages as tabled below.
Figure 4: Integrated weed management (IWM) (Source: Annie Klodd in IWM)
Method Advantages Disadvantages Examples
Mechanical Targeted, immediate Can be labour intensive Groundsel at young growth
results. unless using machinery, stage.
and impact off target
Steaming of weeds along
species. Still may require
pathways.
follow up with other
methods.
Chemical High level of effectiveness, Concerns from some Glyphosate and Metsulfuron
reduces other disturbance, sectors of the community to control weeds
and can be targeted over potential health effects.
Biological Once established, self- Expensive, requires years Biological control of Lantana
sustainable of research, potential and Salvinia
impacts to non-target
species.
Cultural Can be cost effective Can be labour intensive and To minimise spread avoid
high risk if not well managed slashing Giant Rat Tail
(e.g. fire management). grass prior to seeding.
Fire management.
Table 4: Advantages and disadvantages of various weed control methods
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 17
Section 19
The options for management of invasive plants is changing all the time with new products and
technologies coming onto the market, with the aim of addressing shortcomings of existing
techniques, and tackling emerging threats. Council has, and will continue to, trial new technologies
as they become available, assessing them for efficacy, safety, cost effectiveness, and potential off-
target impact.
5.1.3 Timing
To maximise management effectiveness different invasive species are controlled at different times.
For example certain plant species may best be controlled during growth stages or prior to flowering.
Table 5 below depicts the seasonal nature of managing invasive plant species.
Annual Planning Calender for Pest Plant Programs
Program January February March April May June July August September October November December
Groundsel
Fireweed
Giant Rat's Tail
Annual Ragweed
Lantana
Singapore Daisy
Salvinia
Broad leaved pepper
Yellow Bells
Chinese celtis
Small leaved privet
Mother of millions
Cat's Claw creeper
Madiera Vine
Camphor laurel
Hygrophila
Sagittaria
Thunbergia laurifolia
Bitou Bush
Cabomba
Activity type
Spraying
Cut & paint/ frill
Manual removal
Cut & paint & spraying
Table 5: Council calendar showing timing and techniques for some invasive plant species
Leucaena leucocephala is a fodder tree that has the potential to invade bushland in Noosa Shire. Although
not a scheduled species under the Biosecurity Act 2014 landowners are encouraged to remove new
incursions from their land. Photo: Qld DAF
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 18
Section 20
5.2 Invasive animals
5.2.1 Management techniques
Invasive animals can be highly mobile, seeking out territories and searching for food and prey. As
for invasive plant controls, different techniques are used to control invasive animals depending on
the scale and location of the issue. These will often be used together in an integrated approach, as
rarely will one method alone be successful in reducing the biosecurity risk. Council is guided by
industry best practice and will continue to explore management alternatives that are safe, cost
effective and practical. Methods are summarised in the table below.
Method Advantages Disadvantages Examples
Trapping Targeted control Labour intensive, small Pig trapping
targeted areas only,
ineffective for some species
Baiting Targeted control, through Concerns from some Wild dog, pig and fox control
choice and placement of sectors of the community
baits regarding distress to feral
animal and risk to non-
Cost effective
target species
Shooting Targeted control Only where safe in rural Wild deer control
areas, not practical for some
species
Canid Pest Targeted control Concerns from some Wild dog, foxes
Ejectors (CPEs) sectors of the community
regarding distress to feral
animal
Den fumigation Targeted control Labour intensive Foxes
Fencing Complete exclusion Expensive to build and All feral species
maintain. Some species
damage or can climb (foxes)
Shifts the problem
elsewhere
Guardian dogs, Doesn’t require the use of Can be expensive to train, Wild dogs
alpacas, llamas poisons or firearms purchase and maintain
and donkeys
Doesn’t reduce feral animal
numbers and shifts the
problem elsewhere
Table 6: Advantages and disadvantages of various pest animal control methods
New management options for feral animals are constantly emerging with new products, techniques
and technologies coming onto the market, with the aim of tackling emerging threats. Council has,
and will continue to trial new technologies as they become available, assessing them for efficacy,
safety, cost effectiveness, and potential off-target impact.
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 19
Section 21
Case study: Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis)
The Common Myna was originally introduced to Australia from Asia to control agricultural pests.
The Common Myna is now widespread and is often seen in urban areas around Noosa. There
is concern that they outcompete native animals for food and nesting hollows.
Although the Myna is not a scheduled species under the Biosecurity Act 2014, Council has been
helping volunteers to reduce populations through a community trapping program.
Photo: DAF
5.2.2 Timing of management actions
To maximise management effectiveness, pest animal control is undertaken subject to movement,
breeding and feeding patterns. For example foxes are controlled prior to turtle nesting. Table 7 below
depicts the seasonal nature of invasive animal species management.
Photo: Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
Table 7: Council calendar for invasive animal species management
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 20
Section 22
Case study Research has shown that wild dogs use bushland as a refuge and can significantly impact on koala populations. Council and the University of Sunshine Coast have developed a proposal to expand wild dog control efforts towards key koala habitat areas. This will not only help landowners but also provide further protection to local koala populations. Map 3: Noosa Koala Habitat Map Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 21
Section 23
5.2.3 Code of Practice
Biosecurity management actions are guided by the following Codes of Practice, guidelines and
operating procedures
Organisation Website Resources
Australian Pesticides and https://apvma.gov.au Use of herbicides
Veterinary Medicines
Authority (APVMA)
PestSmart http://www.pestsmart.org.au/animal- Standard operating
welfare/humane-codes/ procedures for humane
control of pest animals
Australian Government https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/about- Australian code for the care
us/publications/australian-code-care-and- and use of animals for
use-animals-scientific-purposes scientific purposes
Safe Work Australia https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sds Material Safety data Sheets
DAF invasive species fact https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/business- Fact sheets on invasive
sheets and manuals priorities/biosecurity species control
Australian Government https://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/i Management of Weeds of
nvasive/weeds/management/index.html National significance (WONS)
Table 8: Biosecurity Code of Practice, guidelines, fact sheets and operating procedure
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 22
Section 24
6. Information systems
6.1 Historic data and information
To better understand the distribution an abundance of invasive species across the shire, previous
pest survey data has been loaded onto a spatial mapping layer (Map 4). This provides a visualisation
of invasive species presence across the shire and helps identify areas that require follow up
management actions for staff.
Map 4: shows invasive species records previously collected across the shire.
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 23
Section 25
6.2 Surveys
Council Pest Management Officers undertake inspections on urban and rural properties as part of
an ongoing program of biosecurity surveillance. These surveys are discussed below:
6.2.1 Pest survey program
The Biosecurity Act 2014 gives authority for Pest Management Officers to survey private property
and government land for invasive species. Each quarter, four localities in rural areas are selected
for surveys. Repeat visits allow for an assessment of the effectiveness of implementation actions to
reduce biosecurity threats.
6.2.2 Shire-wide surveys
To further build knowledge on the distribution and abundance of invasive species, Council has
developed an annual Shire wide random survey program. A randomised survey helps remove bias
from the collection of data which is often in areas of where people reside or travel (e.g. along
roadways). The survey covers both public and private land.
Map 5: Shire wide random survey design for invasive species. In this example 50 new sites are randomly
generated each year for the survey.
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 24
Section 26
6.2.3 Targeted surveys
Annual targeted surveys help improve understanding of the distribution and abundance of invasive
species in specific areas such as high biodiversity value ecosystems. This information helps inform
priority management actions. Map 6 shows a random plot design for surveys within saltmarsh and
lowland rainforest which are Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs).
Map 6: Annual targeted random plot surveys within saltmarsh and lowland rainforest (Threatened Ecological
Communities (TECs))
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 25
Section 27
Surveys can also be species specific. For example sand plot monitoring can be used to determine
the presence of dogs and foxes based on footprints left in sand plots.
Sand plot tracking for feral animals (Photo: PestSmart)
6.3 Data collection applications
6.3.1 ‘Collector App’-Council
Council utilises mobility devices and applications to better support staff in the field. Staff use tablets
or mobile phones with ‘Collector App’ to record invasive species presence and management
response. Sites are re-visited to assess the effectiveness of management controls over time.
Collector App can also be used for targeted citizen science projects to gather more data and
information from residents across the Shire.
Map 7: Use of a tablet ‘Collector App’ to collect on ground invasive species data
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 26
Section 28
The Queensland Government Herbarium also has a ‘Weed Spotter App’ which provides a weed
identification service.
Figure 5: Queensland Government Weed Spotter App
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 27
Section 29
7. Community engagement Essential to the success of implementing biosecurity programs is strong community engagement. The Noosa Biosecurity Plan is promoted through: Community engagement processes during its development Displays at public events Updated websites with links to biosecurity resources Utilising existing networks to promote the importance of managing biosecurity matters. Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 28
Section 30
8. Summary The Noosa Biosecurity Plan provides Council and community with a framework to manage invasive animals and plants in a practical and meaningful way. The Plan’s objective is to manage invasive plant and animal biosecurity risks to people, biodiversity, and the local economy based on priorities and actions that are practical for all landowners. To help achieve these objectives an implementation Action Plan guides delivery over the next 5 years. Council appreciates efforts from landowners and volunteers to help protect Noosa’s values from the threats of invasive plants and animals. Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 29
Section 31
9. The Noosa Environment Strategy 2019
The Noosa Environment Strategy 2019 was developed to help protect and enhance Noosa’s unique natural environment, while supporting a sustainable
community lifestyle. The Strategy identified four key themes-biodiversity; waterways, wetlands and coasts; sustainable living; and climate change
adaptation and resilience. The Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 supports the strategic outcomes identified in the Noosa Environment Strategy with targets
relevant to the Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 shown below.
Target (from the Noosa Baseline measurement Role of the Noosa Biosecurity Plan
Environment Strategy)
By 2030, there is no net loss of Bushland operational assessments (BOAs) will be Prioritised weed management actions will lead to measurable
ecosystem values across the shire, and undertaken, where they do not already exist, across priority improvement in BOAs in Council-managed reserves. Council
the condition of Council’s priority Council-managed restoration initiatives and as identified in supports prioritised weed management on private land through
bushland reserves are enhanced. the Bushland Reserve Strategic Management Plan. education and targeted landholder extension programs.
By 2030, populations of key threatened A baseline is to be developed for 6-8 key threatened Threats will be identified and managed for each of the
indicator species remain viable. species based on: identified key threatened species. Management will be
prioritised based on this threat identification (for example,
• Representativeness across biological families
increased wild dog control to support koalas, or weed
• Representativeness across ecosystems management to protect rare plants).
• Iconic value to the Noosa community
• Availability of existing data and records
Depending on the species selected, there may already be
existing data, however a new baseline for some species will
be required.
By 2030, 80% of all grazing land A baseline is to be developed using the ABCD framework Prioritised weed management actions will lead to measurable
achieves best practice management for and classification for grazing lands. improvement in agricultural areas of the Shire. Council
agriculture. supports prioritised weed management on private land through
education and targeted landholder extension programs.
Table 9. Noosa Environment Strategy 2019 targets and relationship with the Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 30
Section 32
The Noosa Environment Strategy 2019 also identifies specific activities or projects to help meet the above targets. The activities/projects relevant that
guide the Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 are shown below.
Reference Activity/Project
1 Undertake environmental restoration activities throughout Council’s conservation reserves. Prepare Bushland Operational
Assessments (BOAs) for Council reserves to monitor the success of work.
2 Reduce the threat of priority biosecurity risks, such as pest plants and animals, on Council land and support private landholders to
do the same.
3 Support private landholders to achieve environment outcomes on their property through an expanded Land for Wildlife and
Voluntary Conservation Agreement Program.
4 Undertake an urban environmental education program to improve environmental outcomes for urban wildlife in strategic locations
5 Scope and undertake monitoring programs on populations of 6-8 key representative threatened species, to mitigate against local
extinctions.
6 Implement propagation programs that grow threatened plant species and result in new populations at appropriate, low-risk
locations
7 Undertake targeted wild dog control in key Koala Habitat Areas as identified in Koala Threat Mapping.
8 Implement an Eastern Beaches dune rehabilitation program to improve the condition, species diversity and stability of dune
ecosystems and enhance resilience to climate change.
9 Support on-ground actions with landholders that improve environmental, economic and social outcomes on rural properties
throughout Noosa while contributing to long-term sustainability of rural landscapes in the Shire.
Table 10. Relevant activities and projects in the Noosa Environment Strategy 2019 that guide the Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020.
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 31
Section 33
10. Noosa Biosecurity Implementation Action Plan
The Noosa Biosecurity Implementation Plan supports the strategy objectives in the Noosa Environment Strategy. The Implementation Action Plan below
shows how the Biosecurity Plan integrates with the activities and projects identified in the Noosa Environment Strategy.
Noosa Biosecurity Implementation Action Plan
Ref Action Noosa Indicator/Output Responsibilities Frequency Resourcing Timeframe
Environment
2019 Strategy
activity/project
1 Review Plan 1-9 Plan review Council Environment Annual Existing budget Ongoing
Services
2 Regulate Schedule 2 2,3,7,9 Compliance is achieved Council Environment As required Existing budget Ongoing
Invasive Biosecurity by landholders Services and
Matters as per Qld Queensland
Biosecurity Act 2014 Government
3 Qld Government, Council 2,3,7,9 Invasive species are Council Environment As required Existing budget Ongoing
and private landowners controlled through Qld Services, Parks and
work collaboratively to Government, Council and Gardens,
manage targeted private landowner Infrastructure
biosecurity matters on collaboration Services, Qld
their land Government, public,
private landowners
4 Pest survey program 1,3,5,7,8,9 4 rural localities are Environment Quarterly Existing budget Ongoing
Undertake regular surveyed each quarter Services
property surveys for and landholders control
biosecurity matters invasive species as
required
5 Shire-wide survey 1-9 50 random plot survey Council Environment Annual New initiative- Ongoing
Improve knowledge on the inspections per year Services Within existing
distribution and resources
abundance of invasive and/or grant
species through shire wide project
random plot surveys
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 32
Section 34
Noosa Biosecurity Implementation Action Plan
Ref Action Noosa Indicator/Output Responsibilities Frequency Resourcing Timeframe
Environment
2019 Strategy
activity/project
6 Targeted surveys 2,5 50 random plot survey Council Environment Annual Within existing Ongoing
Assess the impacts of inspections per year Services and Natural resources
invasive species on Resource and/or grant
Threatened Ecological Management Groups project e.g. Kin
Communities (TECs) Kin Catchment
Cats Claw-
Madeira Project
7 Raise community 1-9 New invasive species are Environment Events- Within existing Ongoing
awareness of invasive ‘Prevented’ from entering Services, each resources
species identified for Noosa Shire. Environment and September
‘Prevention’ and Natural Resource Weedbuste
‘Eradication’ and threats Species identified for Management Groups rs Week
from adjoining shires ‘Eradication’ are and Noosa
through- removed from shire. Show Day
Environmental events Council
(Noosa Show, Festival of website
New threats from
Water) update-
adjoining LGAs are
- Council Website reported to Council and March 2020
- LfW and Bushcare controlled LfW
networks promo-
- Other organisations quarterly
(Country Noosa,
Landcare)
- Cooperation with other
departments and agencies
including Council’s Parks
and Gardens and
Biosecurity Qld
8 Update data and mapping 1,3,4 Council invasive species Environment Finite New initiative Short-
on invasive species based mapping is updated and Services, GIS, project $10,000 subject medium
on historic CRMs, DA informs priority Development to budget term
reports, Ecological management actions Services considerations
Restoration Plans and
local knowledge
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 33
Section 35
Noosa Biosecurity Implementation Action Plan
Ref Action Noosa Indicator/Output Responsibilities Frequency Resourcing Timeframe
Environment
2019 Strategy
activity/project
9 Investigate 2,7 Report to Council Environment Finite New initiative Medium
incentives/rebates that Services project Within existing term
that would encourage resources
landowners to meet
biosecurity obligations
10 Participate in SEQ Pest 1-9 Attendance at forums Environment Once every Existing budget Ongoing
Advisory Forum Services and 4 months
(SEQPAF) and attend Queensland
meetings Government
11 Review wild dog control 7,9 Wild dog control is Environment Finite New initiative Short-
program in relation to undertaken in areas which Services and project USC work medium
koala habitat areas demonstrate a benefit for University of placement term
both landowners and Sunshine Coast program
koalas
12 Contribute to Biosecurity 1,2,3,9 Funds support Environment Annual $23,000 Ongoing
Queensland Land administration and Services allocated per
Protection Fund-On- research into managing annum
ground works and biosecurity matters
research as a requirement
of Biosecurity Act 2014
13 Climate change pressures 2,5,8,9 Invasive species Environment Annual Existing budget Ongoing
are considered with prioritisation table is Services and
invasive species updated based on climate Queensland
management change predictive tools Government
14 Continue to explore 1-9 New technologies and Environment Annual Existing budget Ongoing
emerging technologies techniques are trialled for Services and
and techniques for efficacy in Noosa. Queensland
invasive species Government
management, including
alternatives to chemical
controls
Table 11. Noosa Biosecurity Implementation Action Plan
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 34
Section 36
The timing of the Noosa Biosecurity Implementation Action Plan is shown below. Table 12. Timing for the delivery of Noosa Biosecurity Implementation Action Plan Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 35
Section 37
11. Appendices 11.1 Invasive species list Biosecurity Act 2014 Schedule 1, Part 3 Invasive biosecurity matters - invasive plants acacias non-indigenous to Australia (Acaciella spp., Mariosousa spp., Senegalia spp. and Vachellia spp. other than Vachellia nilotica, Vachellia farnesiana) anchored water hyacinth (Eichhornia azurea) annual thunbergia (Thunbergia annua) bitterweed (Helenium amarum) candleberry myrtle (Morella faya) cholla cactus (Cylindropuntia spp. and hybrids other than C. fulgida, C. imbricata, C. prolifera, C. rosea, C. spinosior and C. tunicata) WONS Christ’s thorn (Ziziphus spina-christi) Eurasian water milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) fanworts (Cabomba spp. other than C. caroliniana) floating water chestnuts (Trapa spp.) harrisia cactus (Harrisia spp. syn. Eriocereus spp. other than H. martinii, H. tortuosa and H. pomanensis syn. Cereus pomanensis) honey locust (Gleditsia spp. other than G. triacanthos) horsetails (Equisetum spp.) kochia (Bassia scoparia syn. Kochia scoparia) lagarosiphon (Lagarosiphon major) mesquites (all Prosopis spp. and hybrids other than P. glandulosa, P. pallida and P. velutina) WONS Mexican bean tree (all Cecropia spp. other than C. pachystachya, C. palmata and C. peltata) miconia (Miconia spp. other than M. calvescens, M. cionotricha, M. nervosa and M. racemosa) mikania (Mikania spp. other than M. micrantha) Peruvian primrose bush (Ludwigia peruviana) prickly pear (Opuntia spp. other than O. aurantiaca, O. elata, O. ficus-indica, O. microdasys, O. monacantha, O. stricta, O. streptacantha and O. tomentosa) red sesbania (Sesbania punicea) salvinias (Salvinia spp. other than S. molesta) WONS serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) WONS Siam weed (Chromolaena spp. other than C. odorata and C. squalida) spiked pepper (Piper aduncum) tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) water soldiers (Stratiotes aloides) witch weeds (Striga spp. other than native species) Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 36
Section 38
Schedule 1, Part 4 Invasive biosecurity matters - invasive animals All amphibians, mammals and reptiles other than the following — amphibians, mammals and reptiles that are restricted matter amphibians, mammals and reptiles indigenous to Australia, including marine mammals of the orders Cetacea, Pinnipedia and Sirenia alpaca (Lama pacos) asian house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) bison or American buffalo (Bison bison) black rat (Rattus rattus) camel (Camelus dromedarius) cane toad (Rhinella marina syn. Bufo marinus) cat (Felis catus and Prionailurus bengalensis x Felis catus) cattle (Bos spp.) chital (axis) deer (Axis axis) dog (Canis lupus familiaris) donkey (Equus asinus) European hare (Lepus europaeus) fallow deer (Dama dama) goat (Capra hircus) guanicoe (Lama guanicoe) guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) horse (Equus caballus) house mouse (Mus musculus) llama (Lama glama) mule (Equus caballus x Equus asinus) pig (Sus scrofa) red deer (Cervus elaphus) rusa deer (Rusa timorensis syn. Cervus timorensis) sewer rat (Rattus norvegicus) sheep (Ovis aries) water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 37
Section 39
Schedule 2 Invasive biosecurity matters-restricted matter and categories Grey highlight - Recorded in Noosa Shire. Yellow highlight – In adjoining Shire but not in Noosa yet WONS-Weeds of National Significance Invasive plants African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) WONS 3 African fountain grass (Cenchrus setaceum) 3 African tulip tree (Spathodea campanulata) 3 alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) WONS 3 annual ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) 3 asparagus fern (Asparagus aethiopicus, A. africanus and A. plumosus) WONS 3 asparagus fern (Asparagus scandens) WONS 3 athel pine (Tamarix aphylla) WONS 3 badhara bush (Gmelina elliptica) 3 balloon vine (Cardiospermum grandiflorum) 3 belly-ache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia and hybrids) WONS 3 bitou bush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. rotundifolia) WONS 2,3,4,5 blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans, Rubus fruticosus aggregate) WONS 3 boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera) WONS 2,3,4,5 bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) 2,3,4,5 bridal veil (Asparagus declinatus) 3 broad-leaved pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) 3 cabomba (Cabomba caroliniana) WONS 3 camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) 3 candyleaf (Stevia ovata) 3 cane cactus (Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica) 3 cat’s claw creeper (Dolichandra unguis-cati) WONS 3 Chilean needle grass (Nassella neesiana) WONS 3 chinee apple (Ziziphus mauritiana) 3 Chinese celtis (Celtis sinensis) 3 cholla cacti with the following names— • coral cactus (Cylindropuntia fulgida) 3 • devil’s rope pear (C. imbricata) 3 • Hudson pear (Cylindropuntia rosea and C. tunicata) 2,3,4,5 • jumping cholla (C. prolifera) 2,3,4,5 • snake cactus (C. spinosior) 3 Dutchman’s pipe (Aristolochia spp. other than native species) 3 Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 38
Section 40
elephant ear vine (Argyreia nervosa) 3 Eve’s pin cactus (Austrocylindropuntia subulata) 3 fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) WONS 3 flax-leaf broom (Genista linifolia) WONS 3 gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) WONS 3 giant sensitive plant (Mimosa diplotricha var. diplotricha) 3 gorse (Ulex europaeus) WONS 3 groundsel bush (Baccharis halimifolia) 3 harrisia cactus (Harrisia martinii, H. tortuosa and H. pomanensis syn. Cereus 3 pomanensis) harungana (Harungana madagascariensis) 3 honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos including cultivars and varieties) 3 hygrophila (Hygrophila costata) 3 hymenachne or olive hymenachne (Hymenachne amplexicaulis and hybrids) 3 WONS Koster’s curse (Clidemia hirta) 2,3,4,5 kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata syn. P. lobata, P. triloba other than in the 3 Torres Strait Islands) lantanas— • creeping lantana (Lantana montevidensis) 3 • lantana, common lantana (Lantana camara) WONS 3 limnocharis, yellow burrhead (Limnocharis flava) 2,3,4,5 Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) WONS 3 Madras thorn (Pithecellobium dulce) 2,3,4,5 mesquites— • honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) WONS 3 • mesquite or algarroba (Prosopis pallida) WONS 3 • Quilpie mesquite (Prosopis velutina) WONS 3 Mexican bean tree (Cecropia pachystachya, C. palmata and C. peltata) 2,3,4,5 Mexican feather grass (Nassella tenuissima) 2,3,4,5 miconia with the following names— • Miconia calvescens 2,3,4,5 • M. cionotricha 2,3,4,5 • M. nervosa 2,3,4,5 • M. racemosa 2,3,4,5 mikania vine (Mikania micrantha) 2,3,4,5 mimosa pigra (Mimosa pigra) WONS 2,3,4,5 Montpellier broom (Genista monspessulana) WONS 3 Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 39
Section 41
mother of millions (Bryophyllum delagoense syn. B. tubiflorum, Kalanchoe 3 delagoensis) mother of millions hybrid (Bryophyllum x houghtonii) 3 ornamental gingers— • Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) 3 • white ginger (H. coronarium) 3 • yellow ginger (H. flavescens) 3 parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) WONS 3 parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) WONS 3 pond apple (Annona glabra) WONS 3 prickly acacia (Vachellia nilotica) WONS 3 prickly pears— • bunny ears (Opuntia microdasys) WONS 2,3,4,5 • common pest pear, spiny pest pear (O. stricta syn. O. inermis) WONS 3 • drooping tree pear (O. monacantha syn. O. vulgaris) WONS 3 • prickly pear (O. elata) WONS 2,3,4,5 • tiger pear (O. aurantiaca) WONS 3 • velvety tree pear (O. tomentosa) WONS 3 • Westwood pear (O. streptacantha) WONS 3 privets— • broad-leaf privet, tree privet (Ligustrum lucidum) 3 • small-leaf privet, Chinese privet (L. sinense) 3 rat’s tail grasses— • American rat’s tail grass (Sporobolus jacquemontii) 3 • giant Parramatta grass (S. fertilis) 3 • giant rat’s tail grass (S. pyramidalis and S. natalensis) 3 rubber vines— • ornamental rubber vine (Cryptostegia madagascariensis) 3 • rubber vine (C. grandiflora) WONS 3 sagittaria (Sagittaria platyphylla) WONS 3 salvinia (Salvinia molesta) WONS 3 Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) WONS 3 Senegal tea (Gymnocoronis spilanthoides) 3 Siam weed with the following names— • Chromolaena odorata 3 • C. squalida 3 sicklepods— Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 40
Section 42
• foetid cassia (Senna tora) 3 • hairy cassia (S. hirsuta) 3 • sicklepod (S. obtusifolia) 3 silver-leaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) 3 Singapore daisy (Sphagneticola trilobata syn. Wedelia trilobata) 3 telegraph weed (Heterotheca grandiflora) 3 thunbergia (Thunbergia grandiflora syn. T. laurifolia) 3 tobacco weed (Elephantopus mollis) 3 water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) WONS 3 water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) 3 water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea and N. Plena) 2,3,4,5 willows (all Salix spp. other than S. 3 babylonica, S. x calodendron and S. x reichardtii) WONS yellow bells (Tecoma stans) 3 yellow oleander, Captain Cook tree (Cascabela thevetia syn. Thevetia 3 peruviana) Invasive animals barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) 2,3,4,5,6 blackbuck antelope (Antilope cervicapra) 2,3,4,5,6 cat (Felis catus and Prionailurus bengalensis x Felis catus), other than a 3,4,6 domestic cat dingo (Canis lupus dingo) 3,4,5,6 dog (Canis lupus familiaris), other than a domestic dog 3,4,6 European fox (Vulpes vulpes) 3,4,5,6 European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 3,4,5,6 feral chital (axis) deer (Axis axis) 3,4,6 feral fallow deer (Dama dama) 3,4,6 feral goat (Capra hircus) 3,4,6 feral pig (Sus scrofa) 3,4,6 feral red deer (Cervus elaphus) 3,4,6 hog deer (Axis porcinus) 2,3,4,5,6 red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) 2,3,4,5,6 feral rusa deer (Rusa timorensis, syn. Cervus timorensis) 3,4,6 sambar deer (Rusa unicolor, syn. Cervus unicolor) 2,3,4,5,6 Tramp ants yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) 3 Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 41
Section 43
Non-scheduled invasive species (mostly environmental weeds): There are hundreds of invasive species in Noosa Shire that are not scheduled under the Biosecurity Act 2014. Some examples are shown below (source: Noosa’s Worst Weeds, Noosa Integrated Catchment Association (NICA)). Common name Scientific name Archer axillaris Macrotyloma axillare var. axillare Cadaghi Corymbia torrelliana Cocus palm Syagrus romanzoffiana Duranta Duranta repens Easter cassia Senna pendula var. glabrata Fishbone fern Nephrolepis cordifolia Gloriosa Lily Gloriosa superba Glycine Neonotonia wightii Impatiens Impatiens spp. Mickey mouse plant Ochna serrulata Mile-a-minute Ipomoea cairica Morning glory Ipomoea indica Setaria Setaria sphacelate Silver-leaved Desmodium Desmodium uncinatum Siratro Macroptilium atropurpureum Slash pine Pinus spp. Umbrella tree Schefflera actinophylla Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 42
Section 44
11.2 Useful websites on invasive species
Biosecurity Qld fact sheets https://www.daf.qld.gov.au/business-priorities/biosecurity
Marcus Beach Bushland Association https://mbba.org.au/our-worst-weeds/
Noosa & District Landcare https://noosalandcare.org/
Noosa Council https://www.noosa.qld.gov.au/weed-management
Noosa Council https://www.noosa.qld.gov.au/pest-animals
Noosa Parks Association-Botany Group https://noosaparks.org.au/botany-group/
Noosa Native Plants http://noosasnativeplants.com.au
Qld Government Weed Spotters Network
https://www.qld.gov.au/environment/plants-animals/plants/herbarium/weeds/weed-spotters
Weed Society of Qld, http://www.wsq.org.au/
Weeds of the Sunshine Coast https://noosariver.com.au/weeds-of-the-sunshine-coast/
Bitou bush Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. Rotundifoli
Photo: Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
Noosa Biosecurity Plan 2020 Page 43