MCU15/0095 & REC15/0022 PM Submission Object - Petition - principal submitter - Tracy Stevens

          (a)      petrol and diesel leakage from underground tanks and pipes, contaminating
                   soil and ground water, with a high risk that it will flow off-site;
          (b)      explosion/fire risk given that the site will have underground storage of
                   180,000Lof dangerous flammable combustible liquids;
          (c)      increased noise emissions from engine braking and acceleration; and
          (d)      in the event of an emergency situation, the logistics of evacuating the
                   occupants of the GSLC,in particular a pool facility with babies and small
                   children would be a difficult exercise.

              Harmful effect of traffic emissions from increased motorists using the service station

40.     The World Health Organization6 has concluded, based on a review of toxicological
        evidence, that it is likely that ultrafine particles (UFP) from traffic emissions do have
        adverse effects on human health. There are currently no health-based guidelines
        recommending threshold concentrations of UFPthat should not be exceeded.


41.     A study has been conducted in Brisbane regarding the effect of the exposure to
        airborne nano and UFP emitted from motor vehicles on the health of children in
        schools7• The study is the first Australian epidemiological study to assessthe health
        effects of ultrafine particles on children's health in general and peripheral airways in
        particular.


42.     It has been shown that children are generally more susceptible to air pollution and
        their attendance at school for six to seven hours a day during weekdays makes them
        even more vulnerable. Owing to their small size, UFPsare able to penetrate deep into
        the lungs, where they may cause adverse respiratory, pulmonary and cardiovascular
        health effects.


43.     A further 2014 Brisbane studl           (attached) has found that about 70% of outdoor
        Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) concentrations were attributed to traffic i.e. petrol
        vehicle exhaust and fuel evaporation. It concluded: "The outdoor traffic was found to
        have very negligible contribution          (2%) in indoor VOCs concentrations but the
        contribution of 70% on outdoor was from traffic related sources, so providing drop
        off/pick up area as far as possible from buildings and stopping the engine of the
        vehicles while waiting can improve the situation outdoors. This is of importance,

6The  World Health Organisation: IARCMonographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume
105 (2013). (See http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/voI105/mono105.pdf).

7 "Ultrafine Particles from Traffic Emissions and Children's Health (UPTECH)in Brisbane, Queensland

(Australia): Study design and implementation", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health (2105) Ezz, Wafaa Nabil, Mazaheri, Mandana, Robinson, Paul, Johnson, Graham R., Clifford, Samuel, He,
Congrong, Morawska, Lidia, & Marks, Guy B. (See http://eprints.qut.edu.au/82503/)

8 "Volatile Organic Compounds: Characteristics, distribution and sources in urban schools" Nitika Mishra,
Jennifer Bartsch, Godwin A. Ayoko, Tunga Salthammer , Lidia Morawska (2014) Atmospheric Environment.
See also Illdentification of the sources of primary organic aerosols at urban schools: A molecular marker
approach" (2014) - Leigh R. Crilley, Raeed M. Qadir Godwin A. Ayoko, Jurgen Schnelle-Kreis, Gulcin Abbaszade,
Jurgen Orasche, Ralf Zimmermann, Lidia Morawsk. (2014) Environmental Pollution (attached).
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