Attachment 4 - Site Investigation and Slab Report

               If length greater than
               spacing in Table 2,
               provide articulation joints




               Open articulation             Sealed articulation
               joint between masonry         joint between single-
               fence and house               and two-storey wall




Figure 5 Articulation joints at changes of wall height




     For footings designed by an engineer, the                           the opening thereby reducing the loads that the
 maximum spacing of joints will depend on the                            lintel must support. If the articulation joint is in
 maximum deflection adopted in the design. If the                        line with the edge of the opening (Figure 8 (b)
 joint spacing exceeds four times the average wall                       and Figure12), lintel sizes selected from
 height or 12 m, the walls should be considered                          standard design tables should be checked for
 as non-articulated and the maximum deflection                           adequacy as masonry can no longer be assumed
 for this case should be selected on the basis of                        to arch over the opening.
 non‑articulated masonry construction5. Also,                        ■   Changes in wall thickness Figure 14. Note that
‘sections of walls without openings may be                               engaged piers are not considered to be a change
 considered as fully articulated if the distance                         in thickness.
 between joints is not more than twice the average                   ■   Junctions of walls built of different masonry
 height, nor 6 m.’ This is in agreement with the                         materials (clay, concrete, calcium silicate or
 maximum 6-m spacing adopted in Table 2.                                 stone) Figure 14;
     For Class E (extremely reactive) sites, the                     ■   Joints between masonry walls and structural
 footings should be designed in accordance with                          reinforced concrete or steel elements;
 engineering principles, with the joint spacing                      ■   Deep chases or rebates for service pipes
 depending on the maximum deflection adopted.                            Figure 15. Note that chases deeper than 25%
 Note that deemed-to-comply or standard footing                          of the leaf thickness should be regarded as a
 designs are not provided for Class E sites in AS 2870.                  change in thickness.
                                                                     ■   At offsets in walls. Note that the internal corner
6       LOCATION OF ARTICULATION JOINTS                                  is an inconspicuous location for a joint Figure 16.
In addition to locations determined by the maximum                   ■   At changes in plan geometry where differences
spacing, articulation joints should also be located                      in movement may occur, eg where the family
at positions where concentrations or variations in                       room shown in Figure 4 is connected to the
the potential development of stress may occur, for                       remainder (and basic rectangular shape) of the
example:                                                                 house.
■ Where the height of the wall changes abruptly by
    more than 20% of its lesser height eg changes of                     For other than brick veneer walls (which are
    storey height Figure 5.                                          attached to a structural/supporting framework),
■ Control or construction joints in slab-on-ground                   articulation joints should be located either at or
    or strip footings.                                               within 300 mm of wall junctions or engaged piers
■ Window and door openings Figures 6 to 9. For                       that serve as lateral supports. Note that their
    two-storey buildings, positioning openings to                    positioning should not interfere with the required
    allow easier location of articulation joints is                  lateral support Figure 17.
    desirable Figure 8. Note that most lintel design
    methods assume arching of the masonry over

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