Appendix B- Geotechnical Investigation

                                             NOTES RELATING TO THIS REPORT


INTRODUCTION                                                            descriptive terms regarding weathering (AS1726-1993
These notes are provided by Soil Surveys Engineering                    Table A9), strength (refer Table 1 below), defects
Pty Limited (the Company) to complement the                             (AS1726-1993 Table A10), etc. Where strength testing
geotechnical report in regard to classification methods                 (ie Point Loads) is carried out, AS1726-1993 Table A8
and field procedures.        Not all notes are necessarily              is used. Where relevant, further information regarding
relevant to all reports.                                                rock classification is attached.
The ground is a product of continuing natural and
                                                                         Table 1 Estimated strength descriptions given to rock
man-made processes and therefore exhibits a variety
                                                                                    based on engineering examination
of characteristics and properties which vary from place
to place and can change with time.                      Geotechnical            Strength Term             Approximate Qu (MPa)

engineering involves gathering and assimilating limited                      Extremely Weak                         < 1.0
information about these characteristics and properties
                                                                                 Very Weak                      1.0 - 5.0
in order to understand or predict the behaviour of the
                                                                                      Weak                      5.0 - 25
ground on a particular site under certain conditions.
This report may contain such information obtained by                         Medium Strong                      25 - 50

inspection, excavation, probing, sampling, testing or                               Strong                      50 - 100
other means of investigation. If so, they are directly                           Very Strong                   100 - 250
relevant only to the ground at the place where and at
                                                                             Extremely Strong                       > 250
the time when the investigation was carried out.
                                                                          Ref ISRM "Suggested Methods for the Quantitative
DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION METHODS
                                                                            Description of Discontinuities in Rock Masses"
Soils - The methods of description and classification of
soils and rocks used in this report are based on
                                                                        SAMPLING
Australian Standard 1726-1993 (Geotechnical Site
                                                                        Sampling is carried out during drilling or from other
Investigations),     where     appropriate.             In   general,
                                                                        excavations to allow engineering examination (and
descriptions cover the following properties - soil or rock
                                                                        laboratory testing where required) of the soil or rock.
type, colour, structure, strength or density, and
inclusions. Identification and classification of soil and               Disturbed      samples    taken    during    drilling   provide

rock involves judgement and the Company infers                          information on plasticity, grain size, colour, moisture

accuracy only to the extent that is common in current                   content, minor constituents and, depending upon

geotechnical practice.                                                  sample disturbance, (information on strength and
                                                                        structure).
Soil types are described according to the dominant
particle size and behaviour as set out in AS                            Undisturbed samples are taken by pushing a thin

1726-1993.                                                              walled sample tube, usually 50mm diameter (U50), into
                                                                        the soil and withdrawing it with a sample of the soil
Cohesive soils are classified on the basis of strength
                                                                        contained in a relatively undisturbed state.               Such
(consistency) either by use of hand penetrometer,
                                                                        samples yield information on structure and strength,
shear    vane,     laboratory      testing         or    engineering
                                                                        and are necessary for laboratory determination of
examination.       The strength terms are defined in
                                                                        shear     strength,     volume     change      potential    and
AS1726-1993 Table A4.
                                                                        compressibility.      Undisturbed sampling is generally
Non-cohesive soils are classified on the basis of
                                                                        effective only in cohesive soils.
relative density usually based on insitu testing or
                                                                        Details of the type and method of sampling used are
engineering examination (see AS1726-1993 Table A5).
                                                                        given on the attached logs.
Rocks - Rock types are classified by their geological
names     (AS1726-1993         Table        A6),    together     with




NOTES RELATING TO THIS REPORT - SEPT 2013                                                      SOIL SURVEYS ENGINEERING