56 Reserve st POMONA - Bushfire Management Plan

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Proviso
This report has been prepared for the sole use of Leif Obrien for the purposes for which it is
provided. No part of this report, its attachments or appendices may be reproduced or
distributed to third parties, not connected with the delivery of the purpose, by or on behalf
of the client, without the express written consent of Wollemi Eco-Logical.

It should be noted that the recommendations within this BMP have been formulated based
on site conditions at the time of writing and utilising current best-practise hazard and impact
assessment methodologies, and have been developed to reduce the potential severity of
impacts on the proposed development in the event of a bushfire emergency rather than
prevent impacts altogether. No guarantee is provided or assumed that the area will not be
affected by bushfire at some time.




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Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................. 4
   1.1       Subject Site ............................................................................. 5
   1.2       Proposed Development .......................................................... 5
2.0 Bushfire Hazard Assessment ........................................................ 6
   2.1       Current Bushfire Hazard Mapping .......................................... 6
   2.2       On-Site Hazard Assessment .................................................... 7
       2.2.1 Site Inspection & Findings ................................................. 8
       2.2.2 Vegetation Classification ................................................. 10
       2.2.3 Potentially Hazardous Vegetation ................................... 10
3.0 Bushfire Risk Mitigation Measures ............................................. 11
   3.1       Asset Protection Zones ......................................................... 11
       3.1.1 Performance Outcomes .................................................. 11
   3.2       Bushfire Attack Level Assessment ........................................ 12
   3.3       Landscaping and Vegetation Management .......................... 14
   3.4       Emergency Access & Egress .................................................. 14
   3.5       Water Availability for Fire-Fighting Purposes ....................... 15
4.0 Recommendations and Conclusions .......................................... 15




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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Wollemi Eco-Logical has been commissioned to undertake a Site Specific Bushfire Hazard
Assessment and to prepare a Bushfire Management Plan for a proposed development on the
subject site (Figure 1).

This report aims to assess the Bushfire Hazard and risk to the proposed development with
regard to: the Queensland State Government Single State Planning Policy - Part E (SPP 2017);
& the Bushfire Resilient Communities Technical Reference Guide (QFES, 2019); the Australian
Standard – Construction in Bushfire Prone Areas (AS3959-2018); and the Noosa Plan 2017,
Division 9 – Natural Hazards Overlays Code. These references, detail State and Council
requirements and guidelines, with regard to Bushfire Hazard Assessment and Risk Mitigation,
for the purpose of informing suitability of development applications.

The potential Bushfire Hazard acting on the proposed development, is informed by vegetation
composition and extent, slope and industry standard fuel load classifications, and assessment
methodologies. Bushfire Risk Mitigation Measures are subsequently detailed in order to
demonstrate compliance with Councils Planning Scheme Performance Outcomes, and to
inform the safety of people and property in the event of a bushfire emergency.
This BMP has been prepared by a suitably qualified and experienced, Environmental Scientist,
with over 22 years relevant experience in Environmental Management, with specialist
Bushfire Planning and Design expertise in South East Queensland.




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1.1 Subject Site
Address:                   56 Reserve St Pomona

Titles:                    Lot 188 on MCH1261

Local Government:          Noosa Shire Council

Total Area:                12,141 sqm

Topography:                The site is low lying with a mild downslope to the south of the
                           proposed development location at ~ 1 degree.




                                   Figure 1: Subject Site

1.2 Proposed Development
It is a new residential dwelling is to be constructed on the subject site. The proposed
development layout is represented in Figure 2.




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                                                                 Proposed Extension




                            Figure 2: Proposed Development Layout


2.0 Bushfire Hazard Assessment
The prevalence of Bushfire in the landscape is dependent on vegetation type and fuel load
available to sustain a bushfire. Bushfire intensity and rate of spread are influenced by fuel
load, (including type and extent of vegetation), topography and to a lesser extent aspect. Land
uses surrounding potentially hazardous vegetation, and consequently the connectivity of
vegetation communities, all influence the potential for a bushfire to develop and be
sustained.

2.1 Current Bushfire Hazard Mapping
A review of State Bushfire Hazard Overlay Mapping, as maintained by the Department of State
Development, Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Planning (DSDMIP), revealed the site is
within a potential bushfire hazard area (Figure 3).




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                                        Figure 3: State Bushfire Hazard Overlay Mapping

To verify Bushfire Hazard mapping, a Site-Specific Bushfire Hazard Assessment is triggered,
and is addressed below.

2.2 On-Site Hazard Assessment
This site-specific Bushfire Hazard Assessment, Classification, Fire-line intensity and
Management Plan, references: State Planning Policy (SPP) – Natural Hazards, Risk &
Resilience – Bushfire (DSDMIP 2019); A new methodology for state-wide mapping of bushfire
prone areas in Queensland. CSIRO, Australia. (2014)1; the Bushfire Resilient Communities
Technical Reference Guide (QFES, 2019)2; the Bushfire Attack Level (BAL), Building setback
requirements and Construction Standards as per the Australian Standard AS 3959- 2018 -
Construction of buildings in bushfire prone areas3; and current industry best-practice



1 This methodology updates the calculations apparent in the Australian Standard AS3959: 2018 based on current fire weather modelling and

includes detailed Vegetation Hazard Classes, used to inform State-wide Mapping.
2
  The Bushfire Resilient Communities Technical Reference Guide (QFES, 2019), supports the SPP 2017 by providing technical guidance for
bushfire hazard assessment and bushfire management Planning.
3 The Australian Standard AS3959: 2018 defines Fire Danger Index as the chance of a fire starting, its rate of spread, its intensity and the

difficulty of its suppression, according to various combinations of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and both the long and
short term drought effects.

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assessment and Risk Mitigation Measures in compliance with the SPP Assessment
Benchmarks where triggered. Additionally, this BMP will address the requirements of the
proposed development against the Noosa Plan 2017, Division 9 – Natural Hazards Overlays
Code with regard to the proposed development.
Two key features of the landscape strongly contribute towards the behaviour of bushfires:

    1. Vegetation community structure/composition
       The structure and composition of vegetation communities determine the rate at
       which dry fuel accumulates. Some vegetation communities protect fuel from drying
       out in all but extreme bushfire seasons, making the vegetation susceptible to very
       destructive bushfires, whilst other vegetation communities may expose fuels to drying
       and therefore be frequently available for burning.
    2. Slope
       As a general rule, bushfire intensity and the rate of spread of bushfires rises in
       proportion to slope, with bushfires burning faster uphill and slower downhill. Studies
       have shown that the speed and intensity of fires moving up slopes generally doubles
       every 10 degrees of slope. Steeper slopes also increase the difficulty of constructing
       ring roads and firebreaks and limit the access for emergency crews.

Several investigative tools were utilised to determine the site specific bushfire hazard risk
including:

     ▪   A review of local aerial photography;
     ▪   A review of site and local topography;
     ▪   Review of site development plan;
     ▪   A review of DERM Regional Ecosystem Mapping; and
     ▪   An inspection of the site.
The risk assessment comprised an analysis of the site and the surrounding lands (i.e. within
100m) to determine characteristic bushfire risk based on Vegetation Hazard Classifications
for vegetation within 100m of the site.

2.2.1 Site Inspection & Findings
A site inspection was completed on the 14th April 2022 to verify the bushfire hazard mapping
over the site and surrounds. All vegetated areas of the site and within 100m of the proposed
development site were assessed during the site investigations.

A summary of the findings of the site inspection is provided:
    1. Site access is via Reserve Street, a formed bitumen public roadway, from the west of
       the site. Reserve Street connects to Pomona township to the north and the Bruce
       highway to the south.
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   2. The subject site doesn’t currently contain built infrastructure.
   3. The site is low lying with a mild downslope to the south of the proposed development
       location at ~ 1 degree.
   4. Regulated Vegetation as maintained by Qld Department of Natural Resources & Mines
      (DNRM), maps vegetation to the east through south to west as containing an
      assemblage of Regional Ecosystems (RE’s): 12.3.2 (dominant) described as ‘Eucalyptus
      grandis tall open forest on alluvial plains’; RE:12.3.1 described as ‘Gallery rainforest
      (notophyll vine forest) on alluvial plains’; and RE 12.3.11, described as ‘Eucalyptus
      tereticornis +/- Eucalyptus siderophloia, Corymbia intermedia open forest on alluvial
      plains usually near coast’ (Refer Figure 4).
       Site assessment confirmed the presence of vegetation communities consistent with
       the mapped Regional Ecosystem composition and structure. Immediately adjacent the
       proposed dwelling location contains an assemblage of Eucalypt open forest more
       consistent with RE 12.3.11.
   5. Adjacent vegetation to the north within 100m contains scattered trees associated with
       predominantly managed grassland.




                                 Figure 4: Regional Ecosystem Mapping




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2.2.2 Vegetation Classification
The structure and composition of vegetation communities determine the rate at which dry
fuel accumulates. Some vegetation communities protect fuel from drying out in all but
extreme bushfire seasons, making the vegetation susceptible to very destructive bushfires,
whilst other vegetation communities may expose fuels to drying and therefore be frequently
available for burning.

Vegetation communities surrounding the proposed development were referenced against
mapped RE’s in the general vicinity, and Vegetation Hazard Classifications and Potential Fire-
line Intensity calculations as detailed in Leonard et.al. (2014) & the BRCTRG 2019. Potential
Fuel Load calculations were undertaken on site to validate vegetation classifications and
subsequently potential bushfire hazard to the proposed development.

Vegetation ecotones result in varying fuel load availability. Subsequently, vegetation
communities have been referenced against predominant vegetation with highest fuel loads
with regard to potential sources of Bushfire Hazard posed to the proposed development.
Observed vegetation communities are described in Table 1.
                                     Table 1 Vegetation Hazard Classifications
 Direction of         Vegetation           DNRM          Vegetation        Potential        Potential    Potential
  Bushfire         Description (Sub-      Regional      Hazard Class       Fuel Load         Fire-line   Bushfire
   Hazard          Unit – if relevant)   Ecosystem        (BRCTRG)           (t/ha)         Intensity     Hazard
                                                                                             (kw/m)
East through       Eucalypt Forest, on    RE:12.3.11     Class      16.1    18t/ha         7,867         Medium
South     to       drainage lines                        Eucalyptus
West                                                     dominated
                                                         forest       on
                                                         drainage lines
                                                         and     alluvial
                                                         plains
North              Managed grassland      NA             Class      40.4    5t/ha          <1000           Low
                                                         Continuous
                                                         low grass or
                                                         tree cover

2.2.3 Potentially Hazardous Vegetation
Based on the above assessment, vegetation posing a Medium Potential Bushfire Hazard to
the proposed development is present to the East through South to West. These vegetation
communities have the potential to carry moderate fuel load and subsequently present a
potential Bushfire Hazard to the proposed development.
N.B. Vegetation to the north of the proposed development has been classified as having a
Low Potential Bushfire Hazard.




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The following section details Bushfire Risk Mitigation measures to be implemented on the site
to address the Bushfire Hazard and compliance requirements acting on the proposed
development.


3.0 Bushfire Risk Mitigation Measures
The following section describes Bushfire Risk Mitigation measures, recommended to be
utilised at the subject site to reduce the risk of Bushfire impacting on people and property.
The scope of proposed Bushfire Risk Mitigation Measures have been drawn from the
following sources:
     ▪   the Queensland State Government Single State Planning Policy - Part E (SPP 2017);
     ▪   the Bushfire Resilient Communities Technical Reference Guide (QFES,2019);
     ▪   the Noosa Plan 2017, Division 9 – Natural Hazards Overlays Code; and
     ▪   the Australian Standard (AS 3959- 2018) - Construction of buildings in bushfire prone
         areas.
The intent of the above legislation is to protect people and premises in the event of a bushfire
emergency, through achieving acceptable Performance Outcomes for the development given
the identified bushfire hazard. Performance Outcomes are generally achieved by appropriate
separation of a development from bushfire hazard, appropriate access for fire-fighting
vehicles, and appropriate construction standards of buildings. Additional factors are detailed
where considered appropriate.

3.1 Asset Protection Zones
Asset protection zones (APZ’s) provide a defensive tool to assist in the reduction of potential
bushfire impact to people and property situated in bushfire prone areas. APZ’s are the most
strategically valuable defence against radiant heat and flame, and to a lesser extent, embers.
Whilst APZ’s should prevent buildings from being subjected to direct contact from flames, and
reduced levels of radiant heat in the event of a bushfire, building construction standards will
also be key to ensuring the performance of buildings subjected to ember attack. Bushfire
Attack Level for the proposed development is determined in Section 3.2.
Based on the above Bushfire Hazard Assessment, APZ’s are be required adjacent the proposed
development. These are detailed in the following section.

3.1.1 Performance Outcomes
APZ and setback distances have not been prescribed in the SPP 2017. The SPP refers to
‘provision of appropriate defendable space between dwellings and medium or above Bushfire
Hazard’. The Bushfire Resilient Communities Technical Reference Guide (QFES, 2019), refers
to determining APZ’s based on achieving a maximum 29kW/m2 radiant heat flux exposure.
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This is achieved by using either the Method 2 Bushfire Attack Level Assessment as per the
AS3959,2018 for Construction of Buildings in Bushfire Prone Areas or Bushfire Asset Protection
Zone Width Calculator (QFES, 2019), which uses the calculations underpinned by the AS3959,
2018 calculation.

The ‘Noosa Plan 2017, Division 9 – Natural Hazards Overlays Code’ (O7) requires ‘building
works to be sited, designed and constructed to minimise the number of people and property
subject to a bushfire risk; and maximise the protection of people and property during the
passage of a fire front’.

Consequently, and as per the Bushfire Resilient Communities Technical Reference Guide
(QFES, 2019), the required setbacks (APZ’s) detailed in the AS3959-2018, with regard to
building construction standards, are considered appropriate to inform the identified bushfire
hazard to the proposed development and consequently meeting the intent of the
Performance Outcomes of Councils Planning Scheme and State Methodologies.

Subsequently, the following section details the minimum distance required to achieve a
achieving a maximum 29kW/m2 radiant heat flux exposure for the proposed development.
These calculations are subsequently used to inform required APZ distances adjacent the
proposed development, in order to comply with the performance outcomes of the Australian
Standard (AS3959-2018) and the intent of the Noosa Hazard Overlay Code.

3.2 Bushfire Attack Level Assessment
Australian Standard 3959 (2018) Construction of buildings in bushfire-prone areas provides
minimum construction standards for new dwellings in designated Bushfire Prone Areas. The
construction standards are intended to improve the performance of buildings subjected to
burning debris, radiant heat or flame contact. The AS3959- 2018 methodology prescribes
Bushfire Attack Levels (BAL’s) to the facades of proposed buildings to which corresponding
construction safety standards are applied. AS3959-2018 defines Bushfire Attack Levels as:

        ‘A means of measuring the severity of a building’s potential exposure to ember
        attack, radiant heat and direct flame contact, using increments of radiant heat
        expressed in kilowatts per metre squared, which is the basis for establishing the
        requirements for construction to improve protection of building elements from attack
        by bushfire.’

In accordance with the Australian Standard – Construction of Buildings in Bushfire-prone
Areas (AS 3959, 2018), a Minimum Distance Assessment of the required construction
standards for the proposed development has been undertaken based on the potential
Bushfire Hazard adjacent the proposed development location as detailed above (Table 2).

This assessment has been based on the following assumptions:
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     ▪   A Fire Danger Index (FDI) of 50 (QFES 2022);
     ▪   Proposed development will be located in the layout as represented in Figure 2.
     ▪   Fuel load calculations (Method 2 BAL) for potentially hazardous vegetation to the east
         through south to west has been determined as reflective of ‘Class 16.1 Eucalyptus
         dominated forest on drainage lines and alluvial plains’ with 18t/ha fuel load potential.
     ▪   Slope is predominantly flat in all directions.
     Additional parameters used to determine the minimum distances for relative BAL ratings
     are detailed in the following Table/s.
          Table 2: BAL Requirements - Potentially Hazardous Vegetation: East through South to West




Based on this assessment, a setback of ≥9m to the east through south to west is required in
order to achieve a BAL 29 rating for the proposed dwelling. It is understood these setbacks
are achieved on site.

N.B. in accordance with AS3959, 2018, ‘a reduction in construction requirements for the next
lower BAL than that determined for this site may be applied to an elevation of the building
where the elevation is not exposed to the source of bushfire attack.’ Consequently, the
elevation to the North of the proposed dwelling is able to be constructed to BAL 19, and BAL-
19 Construction Standards are able to be applied. Refer Sections 3 & 6 in the Australian
Standard – Construction of Buildings in Bushfire-prone Areas (AS 3959, 2018). In this instance,
the western, southern and eastern elevation are still subject to a BAL 29, and BAL-29
construction standards should be applied.
The nominated construction standards should be reviewed by an experienced
consultant/designer at the time of detailed building design. Should the proposed site layout
or vegetation setbacks identified above change, this may alter the determination of the
required BAL.

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3.3 Landscaping and Vegetation Management
The landscaping and ongoing management of vegetation in areas susceptible to Bushfire
Hazard is an important tool to mitigate bushfire risk. Previously detailed APZ’s should prevent
buildings from being subjected to direct contact from flames, and reduced levels of radiant
heat in the event of a bushfire. Please note: building footprint, and location, and vegetation
setbacks able to be achieved, will dictate the asset protection zone widths required adjacent
the proposed development.

Landscaping and vegetation retention within the APZ should consider the following
guidelines:
    ▪   Immediately adjacent proposed buildings should either be fully cleared and regularly
        maintained (i.e. lawn) or retain trees as clumps or islands and provide a tree canopy
        cover of less than 15% and tree canopies should be located greater than 2 metres from
        any part of the roofline of a building. Any trees should have lower limbs removed up
        to a height of 2 metres above the ground.
     ▪   Any landscaping performed on site shall maintain the APZ effectively free of available
         fuel. Landscaping plants may be used in this area so long as they are selected for their
         low combustibility, by virtue of high moisture content, low volatile oil content, high
         leaf mineral levels, large fleshy leaves, and absence of shedding bark. They should be
         placed so as to not provide either vertical or horizontal connectedness of plant
         material, and avoid overhanging rooflines or contact with flammable parts of
         buildings. Any planted trees should be of species which grow to over 2m, to maintain
         separation between lower canopy and the ground.
     ▪   Turf is to be maintained regularly to reduce the potential for long grass to fuel an
         advancing fire toward buildings.

3.4 Emergency Access & Egress
New developments in bushfire prone areas should be serviced by safe access/exit points for
both residents and emergency services personnel in the event of an emergency. The
development is to avoid entrapment potential, provide safe and effective access for
emergency services vehicles and safe evacuation routes for occupants.

The Noosa Plan 2017, Division 9 – Natural Hazards Overlays Code (O9) prescribes ‘fire access
tracks to provide adequate access for fire-fighting and other emergency vehicles and adequate
width to minimise the risk of fire crossover’.

Proposed access is understood to be via an all-weather access to Reserve Street to the east
of the site. The northern exposure of this access has been classified as low bushfire hazard.
and. It is recommended vehicle access have a minimum formed width of 3.5m, be constructed
to all weather access and accommodate turning areas for fire-fighting appliances in
accordance with Qld Fire & Emergency Services (QFES) Fire Hydrant and Vehicle Access
Guideline.

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Where the above recommendations are achieved, site access will be considered appropriate
to service the site in the event of a bushfire emergency.

3.5 Water Availability for Fire-Fighting Purposes
The Noosa Plan 2017, Division 9 – Natural Hazards Overlays Code (O8) prescribes the
proposed development is to provide ‘an adequate and accessible water supply for fire-
fighting purposes’.

The proposed development will be on reticulated water, and is consequently deemed to be
provided with adequate and accessible water supply for fire-fighting purposes in the event of
a bushfire emergency.


4.0 Recommendations and Conclusions
This report details the assessment of Bushfire Hazard and risk mitigation measures acting on
the proposed development, with consideration to the requirements of: the Queensland State
Government Single State Planning Policy - Part E (SPP 2017); the Bushfire Resilient
Communities Technical Reference Guide (QFES,2019); the Australian Standard (AS 3959- 2018)
- Construction of buildings in bushfire prone areas; and the Noosa Plan 2017, Division 9 –
Natural Hazards Overlays Code.
This assessment has confirmed a vegetation posing a Medium Potential Bushfire Hazard to
the proposed development is present to the East through South to West (Refer Section 2.2).
These vegetation communities have the potential to carry moderate fuel load and
subsequently present a potential Bushfire Hazard to the proposed development. Vegetation
to the north of the proposed development has been classified as having a Low Potential
Bushfire Hazard.

The following Bushfire Risk Mitigation Measures, as detailed above, are considered
appropriate to substantially mitigate the Bushfire Hazard acting on the proposed
development:

    ▪       Asset Protection Zone (APZ) widths have been determined for areas of the proposed
            development (refer Section 3.1). Based on this assessment, a setback of ≥9m to the
            east through south to west is required in order to achieve a BAL 29 rating for the
            proposed dwelling. It is understood these setbacks are achieved on site.
        ▪   BAL determination and Construction Standard requirements have been determined
            for the proposed development (refer Section 3.2). Based on this assessment, and
            achieving the required setbacks, the western, southern and eastern elevations are
            subject to a BAL 29, and the northern elevation is subject to BAL 19.
        ▪   Vegetation management within the APZ has been detailed to ensure low fuel
            availability and reduced connectivity to buildings (refer Section 3.3).
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     ▪   Vehicular Access and Egress of the proposed development has been detailed and is
         considered appropriate for the Bushfire Hazard acting on the site (refer Section 3.4).
     ▪   Water Availability for Fire-fighting Purposes as per Councils Planning Scheme has been
         detailed and is considered appropriate to service the site in the event of a bushfire
         (refer Section 3.5).
This assessment has been undertaken based on vegetative condition and bushfire hazards
identified on and adjacent the subject site in October 2022.
It should be noted that the recommendations within this BMP have been formulated based
on site conditions at the time of writing and utilising current best-practise hazard and impact
assessment methodologies, and have been developed to reduce the potential severity of
impacts on the proposed development in the event of a bushfire emergency rather than
prevent impacts altogether. No guarantee is provided or assumed that the area will not be
affected by bushfire at some time.
Site occupants should seek advice from the local fire authority every 5 years (as a minimum)
to ensure the subject recommendations remain appropriate as site conditions and hazard
assessment methodologies may change over time.
Bushfires are an intrinsic part of Australia's environment, are often unpredictable, and have
potentially extremely serious consequences. All Queenslanders should be familiar with the
official Bushfire Warnings system and have a completed Bushfire Survival Plan. Print ready
guides for preparing a Bushfire Survival Plan and to assist in the interpretation of the official
Bushfire Warnings system are available for download from the Rural Fire Service Queensland
website – https://ruralfire.qld.gov.au/bushfires/.
There are three formal Bushfire Warning levels:
          Advice
         Monitor conditions and review your bushfire survival plan.
          Watch and act
         Conditions are changing. Start taking action and follow your bushfire survival plan.
          Emergency Warnings
         You are in danger. Act on your bushfire survival plan now.




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