Original APplication and technical docs

---

GARY DlllON & ASSOC IATES	PO Box 5813
Maroochydore 8.C. .4558
Ph 07 5.4.4.4 03.4.4
fax O 7 5.4.4.4 0600
Mobile 0.412 025 .425
KABI ROAD GOLF FARM PTY LTD (ACN 082 295 314)

2 3 APR 1999
mr·,;A
SW ': uur ClL

DEVELOPMENT APPLICATION FOR
A MATERIAL CHANGE OF USE
- INTEGRATED PERMACULTURE DESIGNED ORGANIC ORCHARD AND 18 HOLE PAR 3 GOLF COURSE AND CARETAKER'S RESIDENCE @ KABI ROAD, COOTHARABA

Volume Two - Appendices April 1999

TOWN PLANNING CONSULTANCY	•	ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES CO-ORDINATION	•	DISPUTE RESOLUTION

VOLUME 2 - APPENDICES SUPPORTING REPORTS

CONTENTS

APPENDIX 'A'

APPENDIX 'B'

APPENDIX 'C'

APPENDIX 'D'

APPENDIX 'E'

APPENDIX 'F'

APPENDIX 'G'

APPENDIX 'H'

APPENDIX 'I'
FINALISED INFORMATION REQUEST
(16 November 1998)

COUNTRY LIFE ARTICLE
(January 1999) ON THE GROWTH IN DEMAND FOR ORGANIC PRODUCE

KABI ROAD GOLF FARM VEGETATION SURVEY
(May 1998 by Garry Thomas)

LAND TENURE DETAILS
(26 November 1998) by Noosa Council

LETTER OF SUPPORT FROM ADJOINING WESTERN LANDOWNERS
Mr & Mrs N and D Lankester

WASTEWATER AND ORGANIC WASTE TREATMENT PLANT REPORT
(Received March 1999) by Dowmus Resource Recovery Pty Ltd

SOILS CLASSIFICATION AND WASTE T!p:ATMENT AND DISPOSAL AREA REPORT
(March 1999) by Global Testing

LAND RESOURCES AND AGRICULTURAL SUITABILITY REPORT
(October 1998) by Land Resource Assessment and Management Pty Ltd

CORRESPONDENCE TO AND FROM BUNDABERGSUGAR
(3 December 1998, 6 January 1999, 9 February 1999
and 22 March 1999)

Pennac.app

Volume 2 - Appendices Supporting Reports (cont)

APPENDIX 'J'

APPENDIX 'K'

APPENDIX 'L'

APPENDIX 'M'

APPENDIX 'N'

APPENDIX '0'

APPENDIX 'P'

APPENDIX 'Q'

APPENDIX 'R'
LETTER FROM KABI ROAD GOLF FARM PTY LTD
DIRECTOR R MERCHANT (and registered landowner) seeking inclusion on Council's Tree Preservat on Register (23 March 1999)

BIOLOGICAL REPORT
(March 1999) by Burbank Resources

CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING INCLUSION IN
THE 'LAND FOR WILDLIFE' SCHEME'
(23 March 1999) by Cath Moran

REPORT ON COMMUNITY RESEARCH FOR THE KABI ROAD GOLF FARM PROJECT
(February 1999) by Annie Barkl

TRAFFIC ASSESSMENT (April 1999)
by Roger Brameld Consulting Pty Ltd

KABI ROAD GOLF FARM PROPOSED IRRIGATION
SYSTEM (February 1999) by Irri-Golf Pty Ltd

FISHERIESRESOURCESREPORTKABIROAD
COOTHARABA (March 1999) by Jaeger Environmental

MEMBERSHIP OF THE BIOLOGICAL FARMERS OF
AUSTRALIA (1 April 1999)

STRATEGIC PLAN EXTRACTS

Permac.app

I

APPENDIX 'A'

04:51PM PLANNING POLICY&INFO 07 32354586

Queensland Department of Communication and Information, Local Government and Planning

PLANNING SERVICES

16 November, 1998

iv!r G Dillon
Gary Dillon & Associates Suite 4
Cnr Kara--watha Dr & Golf Links Rd MOOLOOLABA	QLD	4557

Dear Sir

RE:	FINALISED INFORMATION REQUEST

Your Reference:
Our Reference: RCU57 Enquiries: Lucius Vilkinas Extension: (07) 323 54062

I refer to your application received 10 October 1998 requesting an Information Request for the
following proposal:-

APPLICANT:
DESIGNATED DEVELOPMENT:
· LOCATION:
LOCAL GOVERNMENT:
Kabi Road Golf Farm Pty Ltd
Golf Course
48 & 59 Kabi Road, Coothara.ba Noosa Shire

I wish to advise that your request has been examined. In accordance with Section 6.1.35C of the Integrated Planning Act 1997, it has been detennined that, based upon the information supplied, the proposal requires additional material to be provided to the Assessment Manager. The attached Infonnation Request incorporates comments from:

Noosa Shire Council;
Department of Natural Resources;
Department of Environment and Heritage; and
Department of Primary Industries.

Distinction has been made between the comments of these agencies for ease in your consultation with them, and guidance on matters of interest to each. It is recommended that copies of your response to the Infonnation Request be forwarded to the state government agencies listed above for assistance in review of the information submitted.

IAU F;\PS\IAU\Referral Coordination\lnformation Requests Final Letter\RCU57 Kabi Road Golf Course.doc ess correspondence to:
ox 187, BRISBANE ALBERT STREET Q 4002
hone (07) 3235 4062 Facsimile (07) 3235 4586

(lvU'<I	O
CO\t• rn

r ov 16	'98	04: 52Pl1 PLANNING POLICY&INFO 07 32354586	P.3/9

Please note that if you are submitting plans Council requires you provide the same number of copies as originally submitted with the application. Your prompt attention in this matter will enable the Council to more quickly decide your application.

Further information or assistance may be obtained from the above contact officer. Yours sincerely,

mburgk General Manager Planning Services

IAU F:\PS\IAU\Referrar Coordination\lnformatlon Requssts Final Letler\RCU57 Kabi Road Golr Colll'$8.doc Addres& comispondence to:
PO Box 187, BRISBANE ALBERT STREET Q 4002
Telephone (07) 3235 4062 Facsimile (07) 3235 4586

INOV 16 '98 04:52PM PLANNING POLICY&INFO 07 32354586	P.4/9
INFOR1\1ATION REQUEST FOR KABI ROAD GOLF FARM COOTHARABA

MATTERS OF INTEREST TO NOOSA SHIRE COUNCIL

Noosa Council's information and further assessment requirements are as follows:- Further details on the proposal, including the following:­
nature of any stages of construction / operation

land tenures of the site and adjacent areas that can be affected by the development

waste disposal system to be used and other infra.structure requirements

Proposed operation of the development ie. whether the golf course component will be operated / ovroed I leased to other parties, or whether the development \vill be operated in conjunction with the Permaculture component.

Discussion of the Strategic Plan aims, in particular the Strategic Aims for Agriculture, objectives for the Preferred Dominant Land uses, and how the proposed development satisfies the provisions of the Strategic Plan

Assessment of the proposal against Noosa Council's Local Planning Policies (LPP's), namely:

GD	A.
B.
LLP No 26 Agriculture & Conservation of Agricultural Land in Noosa Shire.
LLP No 29 Evaluation of Land Jot the On-Site Disposal of Ejjluent

Assessment against all relevant State Planning Policies, in particular State Planning Policy 1/92 entitled Development and the Conservation of Agricultural Land.

A "need" analysis for the proposed Golf Course, addressing likely levels of patronage, profile of users, extent of catchment, demand for additional golfing facilities in Noosa Shire, and demand for ancillary sport and recreation facilities, such as tennis courts. The need analysis should be measured against the aims and objectives of the Strategic
Plan.
Traffic study addressing the following:-

r ff\C-	A.
.:::,NG:, i N te	S
The impacts of traffic on Kabi Road and Cootharaba Road being the main access road including daily peaks, yearly peaks, AADT, ADT and traffic demand generated by the development

Proposed works, and associated road standards, which may be required to provide a fully sealed road to the development site.

Proposed number of car parks based upon demand

Impact on the neighbourhood amenity during road construction.

NOV 16 '98 04=52PM PLANNING POLICY&INFO 07 32354586
INFORMATION REQUEST FOR KABI ROAD GOLF FARM COOTHARABA

l VIII.

IX.

Stormwater Management plan including hydraulic and hydrologic calculations addressing the following:-

Site drainage and erosion control, methods of stormwater drainage and adjoining properties drainage

Details as to the on site water quality, quantity and significance of groundwater in the project area.

Site water demands, soil infiltration rates under normal and wet rainfall conditions, stormwater outflows during storms up to the 1:100 year design storm event.

Effects of this development on the adjacent troperties downstream.

Impact on stom1water quality of nutrients and other chemicals/pesticides and insecticides proposed to be used either as part of the permaculture activities or on the golf course. ·

Plans prepared by a registered Hydraulics Consultant showing the method of disposal of septic and sullage wastes from any building on the development site taldng into account the impact on any watercourse, dam or intermittent stream.

Assessment of the likely impacts on amenity, including anticipated ambient noise levels, traffic, and emissions.

An Environmental Management Plan as specified in the drafted guidelines on
informa.tion requests for Golf Courses, issued by the Department.

Contact Officer:	Stephanie Alberti
Telephone Officer:	(07) 544 95228

1..
NOV 16 '98 04:53Pl'1 PLANNING POLIC'r'&INFO 07 32354586	P.6/9
INFORMATION REQUEST FOR KABT ROAD GOLF FARM COOTHARABA

Jt,f.AJTERS OF INTEREST TO THE DEPARTMENT	OF ENVIRONMENT  AND
HERITAGE

Officers of the Department have assessed the information provided and find the preliminary reports prepared by Gary Dillon and Associates contain valuable information on the development.

The proponent has stated that both the proposed permaculture orchard and the golf course are to be ''planned and designed so they individ1.1ally incorporate 'best planning' practices to ensure the highest possible level of environmental sustainability of the site and its environs." Given the sensitive nature of the site and its proximity to the Noosa River National Park, maintaining the 'naturalness' of the site, minimising off-site environmental impacts and developing the site in accordance with the principles of ecologically sustainable development (ESD) are considered to be issues of prime importance.

The proposal to establish a permaculture orchard in conjunction with the proposed golf course development is innovative. In particular, the proponent is commended for their stated intention to develop and maintain the orchard and the golf course without the use of chemical
:fungicides, herbicides or insecticides and for their commitment to ensuring that native vegetation be retained on-site wherever possjble.

There are still a couple of issues, however, which need to be addressed and further information requests follow.

On-Site Effluent Treatment and Disp_osal

iThe report fails to provide any information regarding on-site effluent treatment and disposal arrangements.  This component of the proposed development inay require licensing by the
DEH in accordance with the Environmental Protection Regulations 1998 as Environmentally Relevant Activity (ERA) 15 for sewage treatment. Therefore, in order to determine whether
an environmental authority is required, further information is requested on waste disposal and treatment. This should include:
/
a description of the proposed sewerage treatment plant d	processes; •./
the calculated design capacity of the proposed plant; ./
expected effluent quality; ,/
. •	the proposed method and location of on-site effluent disposal;
proposed methods of monitoring and recording of the quantity and quality of influents, effluents and other overflows; v·
disposal and/or treatment of any sludges or other wastes generated, including quantity and ,/ details of contaminants, and how these will be stored, treated and disposed;
details, and a schematic diagram, of the system control including pipes, pumps, valves,_"? / timers, fail-safes, alarms and monitoring equipment; and
proposed maintenance programs and details of contingency  plans in case of plant

malfunction;
,
-	; '-<..... '\ ;; --:

Maintenance of Conservation Values

The proponent has indicated that considerable attention is proposed to be devoted to the provision of nutritionally and biologically balanced soil structure, the reduction and control of

nutrient runoff and to water conservation. However, details need to be provided regarding the mitigation of potential impacts on the adjacent vegetation from enriched ground and surface
waters and from soil conditioner microbes and enzymes. Information required includes:	A"',
types of microbes and enzymes to be used;	/; ,,v...	.
the manner in which microbes and enzymes are to be 'introduced' into on-site soils;	1::: 1}
the	7proposed nutrient and soil conditioner application programs;	---,-..
any potential negative impacts or risks to	surrounding environment;	(/,_1..'>-·?1
evidence that the integrity of on-site and adjacent remnant native vegetation will be maintained despite the use of nutrients, soil conditioners etc; and
proposed stormwater management, including any water conservation and nutrient control
measures;	/	_	:  ci-a cf

,,<.t	...:	.:·.,	/'.·.	,	.'...	.:, 1-r•	-
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-  ·y	,c - -	/J.	'	;.  .	,,	. . C.- : .,-."	,	.,. J	'  '/ ..,	C/,	-- 1;?,
r _·;._}._,I-f_ullura!Heritage/	.'.: .\.: l,'_i.·, 1	,'	',..>-· •t•' (.':::-	(C'.:,.-..,.	: S'

,\.,",_,.,.., •,L.	• • '-: , ..}-'_ J.\.	( C) £,I ).-)	.
Based on information provided by the proponent and an investigation of the"r.egional cultural
heritage site records the proposal area may contain items and/or places of cultural heritage significance. It is therefore considered appropriate that the developer be required to:
-1·undertake a professional cultural heritage survey and assessment of the development proposal. This study should be undertaken by a professiopal heritage consultant holding ,a
permit under the Cultural Record (Landscapes Queenslanda_nd Queensland Estat ) .Act
1987. The study should a:count for Abo ginal, ar:chaeolog!cal \filjJli oric s_ites,-iten1.s and	j--.
places. [Should you reqwre any further mt:Cl:rmation\ n this matter th· :eg1onaJ_ Manager /

Lis\-
(Cultural Heritage)_ of this Del)artm,P?t!s,'S-outhe'},5te	Region can	..contacted'	(gTf
"•. 1o V" ,._	i/-3225 8426.] I; ,-?1-...... .	tl.:.;.;	/ -	--- -,...- ;·2...,

'ti-- .	jr..,v-	. {•	"•;'(-,Jn.._...c>.·;'' "'.·	\f ,_/o
)..4,iq) i I,'crLJ.- ...	('-,,.., l	,._/'-

Nozse Abatement \	·_.t1>:, ./ \	!}	\.1., ·1-;_.L·/[v	..c-L.--;,'· . , ,	f;" ·
, ..... k,,., _ ..	,	,	- J:..lu, .-·' /_::r cc"--"·
The proponent should:--'/	\	 _ _ _	- -::-;· ··
demonstrate that the golf course operating and maintenance·will not adversely ..effect any
nearby noise sensitive places.

Environmental Management Plan

The proponent should provide an Environmental Management Plan as detailed in section 4 of the draft information request guidelines, for construction and operating phases of the proposal.

It is requested that a copy of the information request from yollr Department to the applicant be forwarded to this Department for our records. Further to this, the Department will require three copies of the information request response from the applicant to enable an adequate assessment of the proposal.

CONTACT OFFICER: TELEPHONE:
Elizabeth King
(07) 3225 8397

lv/ATTERS OF INTEREST TO THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

The Department has assessed the documents provided and considers the following information is required:

Environmental Management Plan (EMPlan) for the construction and operation phases of the development. The EMPlan should detail objectives or desired outcomes, measures to achieve desired outcomes, performance indicators, elements to be monitored, monitoring schedule, contingency plans, persons/organisations responsible for tasks, reporting and review of monitoring results and training arrangements.
An assessment of oveniding community need for the development, in accordance with the State Planning Policy 1/92.

It should be noted that an assessment of overriding community need is seen to be a matter for the consideration of the Department of Communication & Information, Local Government and Planning, and ofNoosa Council. Both these agencies should also make an assessment of the appropriateness of the proposed development within the current land use designations as identified on the Noosa Strategic plan.

CONTACT OFFICER: TELEPHONE:
Jeff Guinea
(07) 5430 0900

l'lOV 16 '98	04: 54PM PLANNING POLICY&INFO 07 32354586	P. 8/9
INFORMATION REQUEST FOR KABI ROAD GOLF FARM COOTHARABA

MATTERS OF INTEREST TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES
The Department of Primary Industries advises an Information Request is considered necessary to determine:

Whether impacts to fisheries resources, or waterway features on the site, have been fully minimised and mitigated to th.is Department's satisfaction; and to
Advise if conditions should be attached to any approval forthcoming from Council, to ensure impacts on fisheries resource.s are mitigated.
Accordingly, DPI requests that the following information be included into the Coordinated Infom1ation Request, issued by the Chief Executive of the Department of Communication, Infom1ation and Local Government and Planning, under Section 3.3.7. (2)(a) of the Integrated Planning Act 1997:

Details of proposed erosion and sediment management, which should include specific maintenance measures for proposed nutrient stripping ponds, svvales and cut-off drains. Periodic maintenance of these structures should be undertaken, in conjunction with any l'equirement for dam maintenance as necessary.
Location of existing and proposed waterway (and water quality management) features, with respect to the proposed development use areas; major water flow/drainage paths and property boundaries. A description of their fisheries resource values should also be provided.
Details of naturally vegetated buffers to natural waterway features to be provided on site. DPI policy recommends that buffer distances of 40 metres to freshwater features be maintained where possible.
Any proposal to modify dams, or place a barrier on a waterway that may prevent fish migration, should be specifically described.

Please note, that the building of, or modifications to dams, weirs and other barriers across a waterway (a river, creek, stream, watercourse, etc) may constitute a watezway barrier under the Fisheries Act 1994. Approval is required under that Act (Section 126) for any barrier across a waterway or restriction to fish movement such as a weir, bund etc. Following the lodgement of an application for waterway barrier works, the Fishway Coordinating Committee (DPI Inland Fisheries and DNR) advise on approvals and possible requirements for structures that facilitate fish passage.

It should be noted that the DPI's jurisdiction in regards to this information request lies within the Fisheries Act 1994. Should you wish to discuss matters raised, please contact us at the Nambour Office.

_,. j

CONTACT OFFICER:
TELEPHONE:
Geoff Beare
(07) 5430 4926

Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/2021

Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/2021

KABI ROAD GOLF FARM VEGETATION SURVEY
Garry Thomas May 1998
INTRODllCTION	I
IETHODOLOG\:'	I
Slfl\lMARY	I
,,.egetation  Associations	I
Conservation Significance of Vegetation Associations	1
Floristics	2
Conservation significance of specific flora	2
LI.\IITATIONS OF THE SlJR\lEY	3
REFERENCES	3
FLOR.\ SPECIES LIST	5

INTRODllCTION
In May 1998 the Kabi Golf Farm group, commissioned ecologist Garry Thomas to conduct a botanical survey of delineated vegetated areas within the properties described as Lot 7 RP216403 and Lot 394 MCH 37 I I I 7, Kabi Road, Noosa Shire. The remnant vegetation in the latter, larger block is situated along the eastern and southern boundaries as a band approximately 250m wide. Whilst the former block is, by and large, covered in vegetation.

The following report summarises information collected in the study area during the survey. Included are methodology, summary of data, limitations of survey, references and plant species checklist. Within the summary are details on vegetation associations recognised, their local and regional conservation status; and the conservation significance of specific flora.

METHODOLOGY
The study area was detennined from surveyed maps, diagrams, flagged boundaries, aerial photographs and consultation with the clients. Aerial photointerpretation(API) was used to examine the vegetation and to determine sites which covered recognisable vegetation types. A series of foot traverses were conducted to cover the designated area so that an adequate sample of each n!getation association was examined for its species composition to compile structural and floristic data.

Vegetation descriptions are largely based on structural forms as specified by Walker and Hopkins( 1990), these structural forms are augmented with a floristic classification, the associations are further correlated to those described in Olsen & Drane(l995).

The majority of plants were identified in-situ, the remainder collected for identification using a stereo-microscope, herbarium reference material and current botanical keys. Nomenclature follows Cronquist( 1961 ), Harden( 1990-93 ), Henderson( 1997), Hill & Johnson( 1995) and Queensland Herbarium( 1995-96 ).

SliMMARY:
Vegetation Associations
Five vegetation associations were recognised for the property, they are,
Tall ;\le/ulcuca quinqul!nervia Open Forest \\'ith a grassy understorey. Related to vegetation type 4, that is Sub-type 4.2 ··J\Jeluleurn q11i111111ene1-viu with a wetland understorey··, Olsen & Drane( 1995 ).
Mid-High Closed Forest. Related to vegetation type I, that is Sub-type 1.3 ..Lowland rainforest(Kin Kin Scrub remnants)"', Olsen & Drane( I 995).
Tall r·w..:ulyptus resin(fera Ecotonal Forest. Broadly related to vegetation type 2 --Ecotonal
Forest", with no Sub-type definition of Olsen & Drane( 1995 ).
Tall /:'uculyptus gram/is Ecotonal Forest. Related to vegetation type 2, that is Sub-type .2.1
--Fuc.:ulyptus grundis ecotonal forest.., Olsen & Drane ( I 995).
Mid-High ( ·wy111/iiu intamediu Open Forest with regro\'v1h. Broadly related to n!getation type 3 '"Eucalypt Forest"', with no Sub-type definition of Olsen & Drane( 1995 ).

ConsrrYation Significance of Vegetation Associations
Regional significance - vegetation communities represented on site such as A!eluleucu
11111111Jll<!J1<!1Tiu, the Eucalypt ecotones and open forest, will be lost from land outside protected

Page
kabi Golf Farm \'egctation Survey
Garry Thomas ,1ay 1998

zones, through clearing, in the next 7 to 20 years, according to Catterall & Kingston( 1993) and Sinclair et al( 1993).

Regional sibtnificance - The coastal ecosystem, Euca(1,ptus grandis Ecotonal Forest, is regarded as being high risk category as it has been estimated that<I 0% remains outside secure conservation reserves. Complex to Simple notophyll vineforest and tvfelaleucu quinquenc:rvia open forest on alluviu are reported to be slightly better off, with an estimated 10-30% remaining (Sattler & Williams, in press I 997), whilst threats such as clearing continue.

Local significance - the coastal lowland vegetation community of Afelaleuca quinquenerviu is regarded as poorly conserved(Watt 1995).

On a Shire basis, ··The situation regarding remaining rainforest in Noosa Shire is particularly dire·', page 3 of Olsen & Drane( 1995 ). The rainforest association, the Melaleuca <J1tinquenervia open forest and the Eucalypt ecotones "should be either retained in their present form or their condition improved·', page 82 of Olsen & Drane(l995).

Floristics
One hundred and ninety eight taxa were recorded during the survey; of these178 are natives and 20 naturalised plants.

Conservation significance of specific flora
State si!:,tnificance - The following 3 plants, listed as Rare or Threatened in the Queensland Natur1:
( '1mservutio11 (1-Vildlife) Regulatian(DoE 1994), are located on the site,
.-lrchidenclran love/liae(Bacon Wood) and Xwuhostemon vppositffolius(Southern Pender) are classified Vulnerable or Schedule 3 plants; and
_\\'lnplocos harroldii is classified as a Rare or Schedule 4 plant.

State significance - 7 plants ,vhich are listed as Common or Schedule 5 plants(see checklist), in the Queensland 1Vature Conservation (1f"ildlife) Regulutian(DoE 1994) were recorded from the site. Wildlife classified as Common is to be managed in accordance with Section 68 of the Nuturl! ( 'onsavation Act /992.

Regional significance - Symplows stawdlii( White Hazelwood) is listed as endangered poorly conserved(Forster et al 199 I), Arll1111!111afi111briuta is listed as Not Common(Stanley & Ross 198.3- 89) and Tupr.:inospemw pse11d14umbosu(also listed by Forster et al) listed as Uncommon(Stanley & Ross I 983-89 ). Identified in the table with NW superscript.

Local significance - The following IO species are regarded as noteworthy(Olsen & Drane I 995) and the author's local botanical knowledge. Alpiniu unmdelliana(Small Native Ginger), ('a/wnus 111uel/eri(La\\-yer Vine), ( 'u/lislc!mon .,alignus(Pink Tips), Cupaniopsi.,· serrutu(Smooth Leaved Tuckeroo), lJiwp.1ros e/lipticifoliu v. ehenus, Uuuu.,tuchys nervosa(Green Tamarind),
.\lil/e11iu(·(ut/e1:\'l1J megu.,pemw(Native Wisteria}, Oxy/ohiz1111 roh11st11111(Tree Shag!,')' Pea),
/'ilidiostigmu rlz,·ti.'fJc:'rllllll/l(Small Leaved Plum Myrtle) and Tapeinmpc:rmu pserul<yumhusu. Also identified in the table with NW superscript.

Page	2
Kabi Golf Farm Vegetation Survey Garry Thomas :\lay t 998

The tree, Black She-Oak or Allocasuarina /i11nralis occurs within the study area. The seeds from this species are known to be an important food source for the Vulnerable fauna species, the Glossy Black cockatoo( Ca(vptorhync:hus latlwmii).

The shrubs(occasionally small trees)Wilkiea hucgeliana and Wilkieu mucrvphylla are known to be the Regent's skipper butterfly host plants.

Identification of Koala(Phascvlarctus cinereus) food trees such as, Eucalyptus resinifera(Red Mahogany), /:'ucalyptus rvbusta(Swamp Mahogany) and Eucalyptus lereticornis(Forest Red Gum or Blue Gum) on site.

LIMITATIONS OF THE SURVEY
As a result of time restrictions, the final enumeration of the vegetation should be seen as an indication only. This survey does not account for plant species which may be evident during different seasons of the year. For example, those species which are seasonally obvious may have been overlooked, they could include species from the family Orchidaceae which are deciduous(Jones 1988), and grasses from the family Poaceae which have an annual life cycle(Tothill & Hacker 1983). Further, other ephemeral species may also have been overlooked, as these species tend to be short lived and only flower for a short time period.

REFERENCES
Catterall, C.P. & Kingston, M.(1993). "·Remnant Bushlands of South East Queensland in the l990's: Its Distribution, Loss, Ecological Consequences, and Future Prospects." Institute of Applied Research Environmental Research, Griffith University and Brisbane City Council: Nathan Queensland.

DoE( 1992), ",Vature Conservation Act /992", Queensland Department of Environment, Brisbane. Queensland Government Legislation.

DoE( 1994 ), "Nuturt! Conservation(Flildlife)Regularion 199-1), Queensland Department of Environment, Brisbane. Queensland Government Subordinate Legislation.

Forster, P.I.F., Bostock, P.O., Bird, L.H. & Bean, A.R.(1991 ), "Vineforest Plant Atlas for South­ East Queensland", Queensland Herbarium Indooroopilly, Queensland Government.

Harden, G.J.(Ed).(1990-93). "Flora of New South Wales. Volumes 1-4". Ne\v South Wales University Press, Kensington Sydney.

Henderson. R.J.(ed)( I 997)."Queensland Plants - Names and Distribution". Queensland Herbarium, Department of Environment. Brisbane.

Hill, K.D., & Johnson, L.A.S.( l 995). "Systemmatic Studies in the Eucalypts. 7. A Revision of the Blood woods, genus ( ·orymhia (Myrtaceae). frlopl'a 6(2-3 ), pp.185-504.

Jones, D.L.(1989), "Native Orchids of Australia". Reed Books, French_s Forest, New South Wales.

Page	3
ahi Golf Farm Vegetation Survev Garry Thomas May 1998

I
Olsen, M.F. & Drane, C.M.(September 1995). "Vegetation of Noosa Shire - A Planning Scheme Review Project". Noosa Shire Council.

Queensland Herbarium( 1995-1996). "Achievements 1995-1996". Queensland Department of Environment. Brisbane.

Sattler, P.S. & Williams, R.D.(in press 1997), "The Conservation Status of Queensland Bioregional Ecosystems". Technical Bulletin, Queensland Department of Environment, Brisbane.

Sinclair, L.K. Jermyn, D. Preston, R.A. & Catterall, C.(February 1993). "Status and Change of Native Vegetation in South-East Queensland 1974-1989". Nature Conservation Project SEQ 20001, Queensland Department of Local Government & Planning.

Stanley, T.D. & Ross, E.M. "Flora of South-eastern Queensland", Vol. 1(1983); Vol 2(1986) & Vol 3( 1989). Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane.

Tothill, J.C. & Hacker, J.B.(1983). "The Grasses of Southern Queensland". University of Queensland Press, St.Lucia Queensland.

Walker, J. & Hopkins, M.S. (1990) in McDonald, R.C. et al: "Australian Soil and Survey Handbook", Inkata Press. Melbourne & Sydney.

Watt, A.( 1995). "Nature Conservation Assessment, Management and Planning Issues in the South East Region: NORSROC Sub-Region, Final Draft Report, SEQ Planning Unit North Coast district, DoE.

Key to Flora species list:
Column I - Genus & species
*	Introduced plant species.
#	Native plant out of normal distribution range.
V	Vulnerable plant, Schedule 3, Nature Consc:rvativn Act /9<J2.
R	Rare plant, Schedule 4, Nature Cvnserw.11io11 Act /992.
C	Common plant, Schedule 5, Nature Conservmivn Act /Y92.
NW	Noteworthy species.

Column 2 - Family
The family name is derived from a five letter
database code e.g.. RUTAC represents the Rutaceae family.

Column 3 - LF or Lifeform
F = Fern	H =Herb
SH -Shrub	ST=- Small Tree

T = Tree
V..:.V.:.ine

Kabi Golf Farm Vegetation Survey Garry Thomas !\lay 1998

Page	4

FLORA SPECIES LIST
PLANT SPECIES	FAMILY	L/F
PTERJDOPHYTES		
Asplenium australasicum C	ASPLE	F
Blee/mum indicum	BLECHN	F
Chei/anthes tenu[/<Jlia	SINOP	F
/Joodia aspera	BLECH	F
Hypolepis muelleri	DENNS	F	-
/,indwea fraseri	UNDS	F
Platycerium bifurcatum C	POLYP	F
Pteridium esculentum	DENNS	F
		
GYMNOSPERMS		
Araucaria cunninghamii	ARAUC	T
		
ANGIOSPERMS		
Acacia aulacocarpa v. aulacocmpa	MIMOS	ST
Acacia leioca!J, r s.sp leiocalyx	MIMOS	SH
Acacia maidenii	MIMOS	T
Acacia melanoxy/011	MIMOS	T
Acmena smithii	MYRTA	T
Acronychia laevis	RUTAC	T
Acron vchia oblongifolia	RUTAC	T
Acronychia pauciflora	RUTAC	T
Acronychia wilcuxiana	RUTAC	T
Ageratum lwustunianum *	ASTER	H
Allocasuarina lilloralis	CASUA	T
Alloteropsis semialata	POACE	H
Alphitonia exce/.w	RHAMN	T
Alpinia aruncle/liana NW	ZINGI	H
Alpinia caaulea	ZINGI	H
A.myl<>thecu dictyophleba	LORAN	H
Archidendron grandiflurum	MIMOS	ST
Arcltidendron lo •elliae V	MIMOS	ST
Arclwntoplwenix c1mninghamianu	ARECA	T
Arg,vrodendron .\p C{[f tr[foliolatum	STERC	T
Argyrodendron trifaliolatum	STERC	T
Artanema_t,mhriatwn Nw	SCROP	H
.41:vteru distylis	SAPIN	T
Ary/era dirnricata	SAPIN	T
A.1:\·/eru lallfl!reriww	SAPIN	T
AustrnJ11yrt us ocme,wides	MYRTA	ST
Austromyrtus hidwillii	MYRTA	ST
A11stmJ11yrt11s hi/Iii	MYRTA	ST

Page	5
Kabi Golf Farm Vegetation Survey Garry Thomas May 1998

PLANT SPECIES
FAMILY
L/F
Austrosteenisia hlackii
FABAC
V
Axonopusjissifulius  *
POACE
H
Baccharis halimifolia *
ASTER
ST
Baeckea virgata
MYRTA
ST
Banksia integrifolia v compar C
PROTE
T
Banksia robur C
PROTE
SH
Beilschmiedia elliptica
LAURA
T
Beilschmiedia ubtusifolia
LAURA
T
Ridens pilosa *
ASTER
H
Breynia oblongifolia
EUPHO
SH
Caesalpinia scortechinii
CAESA
V
Calamus muelleri Nw
ARECA
V
C'al/istenwn salignus Nw
MYRTA
T
Canthium coprosmoides
RUBIA
ST
Capillipedium !>picigerum
POACE
H
Carex neurochlamys(maculata)
CYPER
H
Castano,\permum aus/rale
FABAC
T
Cenchrus echinatus *
POACE
H
Cinnumomum o/iveri
LAURA
T
Cirsium vu/gare *
ASTER
H
Cissus hJ,poglauca
VITAC
V
C'itriobatus pauc[/lorus
PITTO
SH
Cleistanthus cunninghamii
EUPHO
ST
C'/erodendronjlorihundum
VERBE
ST
Clerodendron lomentosw11
VERBE
SH
Commelina CJ'anea
COMME
H
Cummersonia bartramia
STERC
T
Cordyline rubra
AGAVA
SH
Crassocepha/um crepidioides *
ASTER
H
Cryptocarya macdonaldii
LAURA
T
·(,:,ptocarya ubovatu
LAURA
T
( ·11pc111iopsis parvifolia
SAPIN
T
Cupaniopsis serrata N\\
SAPIN
SH
Cymbidium madidum  C
ORCHI
H
( vmhopogon reji·actus
POACE
H
C)perns .\p l{[f curvistylis
CYPER
H
()pent.\· po ,·stllchyos
CYPER
H
Dendrobium tetragonum C
ORCHI
H
Oiunellll cuaulea
LILIA
H
Oigiturill purvijlora
POACE
H
i<J.\pyros elliptic[jf>lia v ebenus Nw
EBENA
SH
Di<J.\pyros pl'ntwneru
EBENA
T
	IJ,:,petes deplunchei	EUPHO
T
O

Page	6
Kabi Golf Farm Vegetation Survey Garry Thomas May 1998

PLANT SPECIES	FAMILY	L/F
l:'/aeocarpus obovatus	ELAEO	T
/:'/aeocarpus reticulutus	ELAEO	ST
!:'lal!ostuchys nervosa Nw	SAPfN	T
/:'mbelia australiana	MYRSI	V
/;;mi/ia sonch[(olia	ASTER	H
Duliandra discolor	LAURA	T
f.'ndiandra sieberi	LAURA	T
f ntolasia stricta	POACE	H
f:'ragrostis ,\p.	POACE	H
Erechtites valerianifolia *	ASTER	H
/;;rvatamia angustisepala(faber pand)	APOCY	SH
Fucalyptus grandis	MYRTA	T
f..'ucalyptus(Co,ymbia) intermedia	MYRTA	T
Euca("l-plus resinifera	MYRTA	T
Eucul;,ptus robusta	MYRTA	T
/;;ucal;,ptus tereticornis	MYRTA	T
Euroschinusfalcata	ANACA	T
Eva/vu/us a/sinoides	CONVO	H
Ficus watkinsiana	MORAC	T
Fimhristylis dichotoma	CYPER	H
Flagel/aria indica	FLAGE	V
Flindersia bennelliana NW	RUTAC	T
F!indersia scholliww	RUTAC	T
Gahnia wpera	CYPER	H
Gahnia clarkei	C"YPER	H
Geitonoplesium cymosum	PHILE	V
Geodorum densiflorum	ORCHI	H
Glochidion.ferdinandi v. ferdinandi	EUPHO	T
Glochidion swnatranum	EUPHO	T
Glycine c/andestina v c/andestina	FABAC	V
C,rmucarpus chinensis v verrucosus	HALOR	H
Uoodenia rotundijhliu	GOODE	H
Guioa acut{/i>lia	SAPIN	T
C,uioa semiglaucu	SAPIN	T
Helicia gluhriflora	PROTE	T
Hemarthria uncinata	POACE	H
Hihhertia wpera	DILLE	SH
Hihhertia scandens	DILLE	V
Hihhertiu vestita	DILLE	SH
Hoveu acwifoliu	FABAC	SH
Hyhunthus enneusperm11s v stellurioides	VIOLA	H
Hyperic11111 grumineum	CLUSI	H
/mpcruta cylindricu	POACE	H

Page	7
h'.abi Golf Farm Vegetation Survey Garry Thomas \-lay 1998

PLANT SPECIES	FAMILY	L/F
.Jacksonia scoparia	FABAC	SH
.Jagera pseudorhus	SAPIN	T
Unospadix monosfachya	ARECA	SH
Utst!a leefeana	LAURA	T
Utsea rt!liculata	LAURA	T
Livistona australis	ARECA	T
/,ohelia purpurascens	CAMPA	H
Lomandra hystrix	XANTH	H
Lomandra longifolia	XANTH	H
lophostemon confer/us	MYRTA	T
/,ophostemon suaveo/ens	MYRTA	T
Ludwigia octovalvis	ONAGR	SH
A.falaisia(Trophi!>) scandens	MORAC	V
Medicosma cunninghamii	RUTAC	ST
Melaleuca quinquenervia	MYRTA	T
A.felastoma affine	MELAS	SH
:\1elodinus australis	APOCY	V
Afillettia megasperma ·'11	FABAC	V
t\,1isclwcarpus pyriformis	SAPIN	T
lvlitrasacme paludosa	SPIGE	H
l\'otelaea longifolia	OLEAC	ST
Omalcmthus populifolius	EUPHO	ST
Oplismenus hirtellus s.\p imbecil/us	POACE	H
Ollochloa gracillima	POACE	H
Ottoch/oa nodosa	POACE	H
Oxalis co,ymbosa  *	OXALI	H
Oxylobium rvbustum Nv.	FABAC	SH
Panicum e_{li,sum	POACE	H
Parsonsia straminea	APOCY	V
Paspalidium graci/e	POACE	H
Pu.,pa/um co1?iugat11m *	POACE	H
/Jaspa/11111 scrohicu/atum *	POACE	H
Pwpalum urvillei *	POACE	H
Puss[floru suhpeltafu *	PASSI	V
Putulostigmu trilvculare	EUPHO	ST
Phebulium ;roombye	RUTA	SH
Phy/lcmtlws virgatus	EUPHO	H
JJi/idiostigmu rhyti.\permum	MYRTA	SH
Fi110.,por11111revo!utwn	PITTO	SH
JJ/anclwne/lu (JJ0111eria) clwrtacea	SAPOT	T
l'/u11c:lumellu(Pouteria) luur[/iJ/ia	SAPOT	T
JJo valthiu nitidissima	ANNON	T
l'o \·sciw· elegans	ARAIL	T

Page	8
Kabi Golf Farm Vegetation Survey Garry Thomas May 1998

I
PLANT SPECIES	FAMILY	L/F
Ps_vchotria lvniceroides	RUBIA	SH
Rapanea variabilis	MYRSf	ST
Ripogonum brevifolium	SMJLA	V
Rubus moluccanus	ROSAC	V
Sacciolepis indica	POACE	H
Scheff/era actinophJ1l!a ==	ARAU	ST
Senna coluteoides *	CAESA	SH
Setaria .\phacelata v sericea *	POACE	H
Smilcu australis	SMILA	V
So/anwn americanum *	SOLAN	H
Solanum maurilianwn *	SOLAN	SH
Solanum lorvum *	SOLAN	SH
Sonclws oleraceus *	ASTER	HH
Stenoca,pus sinualus	PROTE	T
Symplocos ltarroldii	R	SYMPL	ST
Symplocos stawellii	SYMPL	T
Syncarpia glomulifera	MYRTA	T
Sy::ygium luehmannii	MYRTA	T
Tapeinosperma pseudo-jambosa NW	MYRSI	SH
Themeda triandra	POACE	H
Trema lomentosa v viridis	ULMAC	ST
Vernonia cinerea	ASTER	H
Viola hederacea	VIOLA	H
Waterhousea jloribunda	MYRTA	T
Wilkiea huegeliana N,,	MONIM	SH/ST
Wilkiea macrophylla NW	MONIM	SH/ST
Xantlzorrhoea macronema	C	XANTH	H
X.anthostemon oppositifolius V	MYRTA	T
Zieria minutiflora	RUTAC	SH
Zieria smirhii	RUTAC	SH

Page	9
Kabi Golf Farm Vegetation Survey Garry Thomas :\lay 1998

Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/2021

Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/2021

I
I

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Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/2021    El
Disclaimer: This plan reflects information currently held in Council'.,; records.
Accurate representations of boundaries over individual allotments cannot be guaranteed. Locations of entities shown on the pl3n are indicative only. Do not attempt to scale/

I
I	26-11-1998	Page 1
List of owners for parcel(s):
10RP216403, 146MCH1472, 394M371117, 397M37930, 5RP216403, 5RP229649, 650M37380,
6RP212316, 7RP216403, 8RP216403, 9RP216403

10RP216403

904 COOTHARABA RD COOTHARABA.VIA TEWANTIN
8.347 Ha
KEITH E & DIANA M ALLISON FARVIEW
904 COOTHARABA RD
TEWANTIN Q

-1565

146MCH1472

COOTHARABA DNS RD COOTHARABA
23.472 Ha
RORY D PEDLEY PO BOX 1029
NOOSAVILLE DELIVERY CENTRE Q

4566

394M371117

59 KABI RD VIA POMONA
64.75 Ha
RENA CLAIRE MERCHANT
875 COOTHARABA RD VIA BOREEN POINT OLD

4565

397M37930

COOTHARABA DNS RD COOTHARABA
64.75 Ha
JOHN R CAMPTON & BRUNO D'ANNA UNIT2
7 ARDOCH AV
ST KILDA EAST VIC

3183

Continued on Page 2

Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/2021

Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/20215RP216403

39 HATCH RD BOREEN POINT
6.07 Ha
SIGRIED I & HORST 8 LENSER
39 HATCH RD BOREEN POINT QLD

4565

5RP229649

41 KABJ CT TEWANTIN
8.298 Ha
NORMAN & DOROTHY J LANKESTER
41 KABI ROAD COOTHARABA VrA TEWANT/N

4565
---===	================================================
650M37380

1046 COOTHARABA RD COOTHARABA,VIA TEWANTIN
40.469 Ha
GRAEME B ARBUCKLE PO BOX 159 POMONAO

4568

6RP212316

55 HATCH RD BOREEN POINT
14.15 Ha
EDWARD R & MARY WESTON
M.S. 1537 55 HATCH ROAD TEWANTIN

4565

7RP216403

48 KABI CT TEWANTIN
21.78 Ha
RENA CLAIRE MERCHANT 875 COOTHARABA RD
VIA BOREEN POINT OLD

4565

-	=============================================
Continued on Page 3

8RP216403

24 KABI RD VIA POMONA
2.652 Ha
MICHAEL J EATHER
24 KABI RD
MS 1537 TEWANTIN Q

4565

9RP216403

928 COOTHARABA RD COOTHARABA,VIA TEWANTIN
5.379 Ha
GEOFFREY R & ROBYN P WILLIAMS WILLOWS RETREAT
928 COOTHARABA RD M S 1537 TEWANTIN Q

4565

.	, _

·- .

Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/2021
-= -'::-...-;·< ;_:/._-..

Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/2021

14/04/1999 11:00	0754853263	FATSVILLE	PAGE 01

- ..:· r:: t '. FEBRUARY 14, 1999

Lance Jackson 59KabiRd Coothara.ba QI.D 4565,

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCEKN.,

We have been approached by Lance Jackson to comment on his proposal. to develope a golf course and club house on the property adjoining ours. We express om appreciation for the opportunity to comment on this proposal.
Lance asked whether the activities of the golf course, or the noise from macbinecy would
disturb us.
We have no objections to make regarding either of these sugestions, within expc:ctcd
normal limits.
The only matter which may be of concern to us are the construction and drainage of Kabi Rd (A) that the vohnne of storm water be assessed and that adequate drainage be provided (B) construction of the road be of a standard to accomodate the expected volume of traffic.
We wish Lance and Rena all the very best with their prject, and think it is a bonus for the
area.

Sincerely,
MRS OORO'THY JLANKESTER MR NORMAN LANKESTER,

41 KABIRD COOTHARABA QLD. 4563.

Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/2021

Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/2021

Proposal For Wastewater And Organic Waste Treatment Plant For Kabi Road Golf Farm

The DOWMUS Solution to Organic Waste and Wastewater
The Dowmus system is the first commercial release of this technology. It has been designed to provide a better alternative to septic and aerated waste treatment systems. The system offers a simple passive but cleaner, and much more environmentally sustainable alternative to septic systems and a much more simpler, reliable and energy efficient alternative to aerated waste treatment systems. This technology is designed to provide a holistic solution to organic waste and wastewater management. The primary aim of this technology is to provide an environmentally friendly, energy efficient and cost-effective method to reuse and recycle organic waste and wastewater. The Dowmus wastewater treatment plant uses 99% less energy that other mechanically aerated wastewater treatment plants.

How It Works
The comer stone of all Dowmus technology is the ability to work with nature to solve every day waste problems. Each Dowmus treatment system is a miniature ecosystem containing many and varied life forms. The Dowmus Bioreactor is at the heart of this natural waste management system. Dowmus has found a way to increase the rate of biological activity in the reaction chamber as well as increasing the rate of oxygen transfer across to the wastewater. This results in a more efficient and less energy intensive way of treating wastewater.

The natural ecosystem and worms within the chamber of the Bioreactor breaks down, treats and converts organic waste and wastewater to stable worm casts and treated effluent suitable for non potable use. The specifically selected species of worms further increase the biological activity in the system by increasing the rate of treatment of the organic putrescible solid waste. The system is completely passively aerated and requires no mechanical aeration devices, i.e. fans, compressors and air pumps. This feature of the Dowmus system virtually eliminates running and maintenance cost on the treatment plant. The passive aeration of the system makes it more reliable than mechanically aerated treatment plants.

.,(,..
Design criteria
Minimum number of people using the golf course	20 people /day
Maximum number of people using the golf course	200 people/ day
Average number of people using the golf course		l 00 people/ day Facilities in the golf course	non flush toilets, hand basins and kitchen facilities Kitchen will not be used for cooking		No grease trap required

Usage pattern

Maximum use Average use
2 days /week
5 days/ week

Calculating maximum daily hydraulic loading
Hydraulic loading per person from toilet and hand basin ydraulic loading per person from kitchen facilities
Maximum number of people using the golf course Total maximum daily hydraulic loading

2 1/ person
10 I/ person
200 people/ day
24001/day	1	-

3.0 Treatment Plant Configuration
Grey water from kitchen

V
Splitter Box
Female toilets will have I bioreactor with 2 pedestals and one hand basin
Male toilets will have I bioreactor with I pedestals, I urinal and one hand basin

40 m2 sand filter with I clean water irrigation pumps
Treated effluent for subsurface irrigation (2400 I/ day maximum)

3.1 DOWMUS Wastewater Treatment Plant
The DOWMUS wet composting toilet option consists of a total of two DOWMUS bioreactor chambers with three pedestals. The male toilet can be fitted with a urinal if required. The wastewater from the hand basins and the urinal will be treated through the wet compost chamber. The wastewater from the kitchen will be gravity drained to a splitter box where the flow will be split evenly and directed to the two DOWMUS bioreactors. As no cooking will be conducted in the kitchen a grease trap will not be required. The kitchen will only be used to prepare tee, coffee and snacks. The primary treated effluent will then be pumped intermittently to the DOWMUS Activated Sand Filter. The secondary treated effluent will then be pumped to the irrigation area. All putrescible organic waste generated in the kitchen will be processed in the bioreactor chamber. It is crucial that only putrescible organic waste from the kitchen be placed in the bioreactor chamber, no garden waste. The entire treatment plant will be fitted with a alarm and monitoring system.

PERFORMANCE DATA
Influent Quality
Maximum total daily hydraulic loading BOD
Suspended Solids Total nitrogen Total Phosphorus
Treated Effluent Quality
Maximum total daily hydraulic loading BOD
Suspended Solids Total nitrogen Total Phosphorus

2400 I/day
200 - 300 mg/I
200 - 300 mg/I II
60-  80 mg/I
10-  25 mg/l

24001/day
less than 20 mg/I less than 30 mg/I 40 mg/I
10 mg/I

5.0 Compost Harvesting
The Dowmus treatment plant does not produce any sludge at all. The Dowmus wastewater treatment plant is a composting system that utilises worms to break down organic putrescible material in to compost and worm castings. There is an initial period of approximately 3 to 5 years before enough compost is built up for extraction. It is expected that there will be an annual harvesting of 10kg of compost after the initial 3 to 5 year period from the Bioreactor. The compost in the DOWMUS system plays an important part in the treatment of the wastewater. The height of the compost bed effects the level of treatment, as the wastewater has more compost media to trickle through. The wastewater trickling through the compost media biologically and physically treats the wastewater. The compost bed height is also required to make sure that the Auger is extracting no new waste matter. It is essential that only mature compost be extracted from the unit. For these reasons it is crucial that compost should not be extracted until your system is 60% full, depending on the usage pattern this could take between 3 to 5 years.

Maintenance Strategy
For the first two years there will be a 3 monthly inspection of the treatment plant and land disposal scheme by a trained Dowmus's distributors

Method of monitoring
The proposed method on monitoring the effluent quantity entering the land disposal area will be by the use of a water meter. A three monthly effluent sample will be collected for a year and analysed for BOD, Suspended Solids, Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus and pH with a copy of the results submitted to Noosa Council.

COSTING for Wet composting option Total cost of this project will be $16,000 The cost also includes the following services
12 months maintenance
2 years of 3 monthly inspections
three monthly effluent collection, testing and reporting for one year

This cost is only indicative till a site inspection is conducted. This is a total cost of installation,
parts, control system, labour, excavation and all associated works for the construction of the treatment plant. The cost does not include drip and subsurface irrigation. The costing listed above is only valid for a 3-month period. This cost does not include approval fees. This cost is
only valid if mechanical excavating equipment can be used on site. The cost may increase if rock excavation is required on site.
For further information please contact Dominic Xavier on: Tel (07) 3265 2755, Fax (07) 32654900, Mob 041 6265883

DOWMUS Update
DOWMUS on longer manufactures a dry composting toilet Model DCT4. Since 1997 DOWMUS has being manufacturing a system to treating all black water, grey water and all putrescible solids generated in the house. This model is called a BF1 and has approval from the Queensland Department of Natural Resources. The BF1 is a far better unit as it is a total waste management system, the DCT4 was only a grey water treatment system.

I The DOWMUS Biolytic Filter..
...	U?/-

UM,l,O r.aK/V

.f:ejOWMUS  RESOURCE
RECOVERY waste management systems provide total treatment
for all organic household waste and waste water from your toilet, bath­ room, laundry and kitchen without the use of chemicals.
The DOWMUS Biolytic Filter System is founded on the principle that so-called organic household garbage, human waste and waste­ water are in fact important recyclable resources. We can convert and re-use these natural materials on the land thereby contributing to a more sustainable environment.

There are two types of DOWMUS for	use in domestic situations employing a flush or non flush toilet pedestal.
The DOWMUS
non-flush system ...
The unique DOWMUS non-flush system has the pedestal located directly above the waste chamber
and Biolytic Filter. In this system the toilet pedestal has an added role as a solid wastes entry chute. All additional wastewater from the bathroom, laundry and kitchen is channelled into the waste chamber via conventional household plumbing, and no grease trap is required.
The chamber is ventilated through a fan located in the ventilation line above the b:.iilding.

The DOWMUS
flush system ...
The flush system may be a more desirable option for homes with sev­ eral bathrooms and for multi-storey dwellings.
With the flush system, the waste chamber is also underground but in this case, outside the home.
A waste entry chute is situated directly above the chamber, similar in size to a garden compost bin.
However, it is not recommended that garden clippings and weeds etc. are put into the chamber as the size and composition of this material makes it difficult to break down.
Below: Low visual impact in the garden landscape.
RESOURCE RECOVERY
Organic Waste & Wastewater Treatment Specialists

·,·• ,•,•.·.·•.-:-·--·•:-	.: gm :i31 : rj:;: kJ fJsr;f.f{\I!11!i!:

F	n	mo11ihgparts;\
:i li l\i tiif, ;;f-• L W}J ni0g·c6s ;

1iiiilllifiiii:-•: jk, Ti\ fti1 t ·ttfY -r i[ .•--
116it,
- • .- Treatme t_process re111ove·-s

.-_·	nitrogen and phosphorous_··._
?>?t<f::(>?·::·::.....![:;) ·!i: :J!: It!ii: eand the--
DOWMUS ... 91/	mw	I

DOWMUS RESOURCE RECOVERY
A.CJ,_C75 770 259
i••lllllll■Jiiliilii

.CONVENIENT AND RELIABLE

DOWMUS treats your household waste immediately and on-site, so that problems normally associated with conventional sewerage systems like overflow in wet weather, are avoided.
The DOWMUS process is far more robust and reliable than standard aerated wastewater treatment systems. Naturally, we recommend the use of environmentally-friendly products containing low levels of sodium and phosphate in your bathroom, kitchen and laundry.
However, the complex mix of micro­ organisms and worms in the DOWMUS can cope with the recommended dosage of a broader range of house­ hold chemicals like disinfectants, caustic, dish-washing detergents and bleaches that often affect more conventional waste treatment systems.

MAINTENANCE

DOWMUS systems are designed to be as free as possible of moving parts and mechanical components.
But, for example, if gravity drainage is not possible, a reliable submersible pump can be used to automatically transfer treated water from the waste chamber to the irrigation area.
For normal domestic purposes a grease trap is not required with the DOWMUS Biolytic Filter. Because oil and grease are broken down within the system, they do not remain to clog the filter.

ULTRA VIOLET DISINFECTION
DOWMUS can also supply UV disinfection units which will eliminate all pathogens from the treated water.
This level of treatment will provide water suitable for re-use in domestic appliances such as toilets and washing machines. Subject to State Health approval.

DOWMUS SAVES ENERGY

When you compare a household sewerage treatment plant with the DOWMUS Biolytic Filter, you'll find DOWMUS is far more energy efficient.	continued on page 4...

ACTIVATE·D	SAND  FILTER.'..  ,·

The DOWMUS Activated Sand Filter further treats the water from the system to a higher standard,
suitable for drip or sub-surface
irrigation. The Activated Sand Filter is designed to further reduce the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS), a measure of the health of the water.
The Activated Sand Filter will also redu.ce the level of pathogens (bad bacteria and viruses) in the treated water.
Benefits of Incorporating an Activated Sand filter into your system include:
WATER TREATED TO A HIGHER STANDARD FOR BENEFICIAL RE-USE;
REDUCED PATHOGENS
(the bad bacteria and viruses);
SELF CLEANING;
LOW MAINTENANCE.

-HOWIT WORKS
.
		.	.	-.' -
·THE wastewater is directed onto the pile formed by kitchen scraps, paper, cardboard and even the contents of your vacuum cleaner, below the Waste Entry Chute and acts to disperse the wastewater evenly over the compost bed.
The wastewater wets the paper and cardboard in the pile and inoculates it with micro­ organisms which accelerate the composting process and allow worms to work over the pile. The Biolytic Filter literally
converts wastewater and organic waste into nutrients, compost and irrigation water. What's truly original about the DOWMUS technology is it's capacity to treat organic wastes and wastewater in the same system.
The compost bed, earth worms and micro-organisms introduced to the system join together to increase the rate of cleaning wastewater. Waste introduced
to the system is constantly digested by these micro­ organisms and is converted to worm castings. The volume of waste is vastly reduced through this process. After several years, when the system is approximately  60% full, small amounts of compost are removed by a purpose built auger and can be buried in the garden. The clean water from the system is gravity drained
or pumped into standard sub­ surface trenches or transpiration areas, thereby meeting Australian Standards (AS1547). There is also the option of further treating the effluent
- using a DOWMUS Activated Sand 'Filter.

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NON-FLUSH SYSTEM
Ergonomic pedestal doubles as waste entry chute.

OR

DOWMUS
Biolytic Filter

FLUSH SYSTEM
Waste entry chute in garden.

DOWMUS
Biolytic Filter

UV Disinfection

AND
l■ili
OR

Minimum treatment suitable for sub-surface
disposal

Optimum treatment suitable for spray irrigation and domestic re-use in toilets and washing machines.

High level treatment suitable for drip or sub-surface irrigation, subject to council requirements.

Transpiration Mound or Trenches

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Uptake of water and nutrients by plants.

DOWMUS RESOURCE RECOVERY

In addition to our domestic systems...
DOWMUS has designed and installed special treatment systems for...
	The Department of Defence,
	National Parks and Wildlife Service,
	Eco-tourism villages;
	New subdivisions;
	C9ravan parks;
	Restaurants;
	Recreational facilities;
	Island and remote communities.
Our special projects team are happy to evaluate your project and advise the most suitable option for your requirements.
				No	job		too BIG		or	too
sm·a/1!DOWMUS SAVES ENERGY
The DOWMUS Biolytic Filter excludes vermin and other carriers of

disease from the treatment chamber,
and quickly breaks down infectious

This pvblication is printed on Harvest Matt Stock,
a paper derived from sugar cane.
continued from page 2...

Even with a pump installed, total energy consumption is only 9kW a year.
The average power.consumption for onsite household sewerage treatment plant is 220kWh per year for the same water consumption rate.
A DOWMUS Biolytic Filter system is suitable for a household of up
to eight people and your DOWMUS Distributor will advise the most appropriate size tank for your requirements.

GOOD FOR YOUR
HEALTH

You may wonder about possible smells and overall health of the system. The system is aerated from the top and bottom of the biolytic filter unit, ensuring it is completely aerobic. So the DOWMUS process produces no odour. The design allows any smells coming from the fresh wastes to be vented out of the system.
wastes to compost.

THE POLLUTION SOLUTION

The DOWMUS Biolytic Filter offers a responsible alternative to the dumping of organic resources into rivers, oceans and holes in the ground.

Your local DOWMUS Distributor is...

DOWMUS...  CW/zuz,, f&JUJi,;a;z,,opuo;t'/

Nature's v1aste management
Situated in an environmentally sensitive location on Darwin's scenic East Point, a Darwin restaurant has installed a revolutionary waste
treatment system in an
Feffort to protect the site's ecological integrity.

or Simon Philpin, managing director of Pee Wee's restaurant on the shores of Darwin Harbour, the choice of
employing an integrated biodegradable waste management system in his new restaurant was a natural one.
"It's doing no damage to the environment because everything is eaten by the worms," Mr Prulpin says.
"It's putting back into the environment instead of taking out."

Working with the award-winning
Darwin-based Troppo Architects the restaurant's developers wanted to make as
Kym Miller, customer relations manager For Dowmus' Darwin distributor, atop the eco· friendly installation al Pee Wee's restaurant.

little impact on the site's coastal ecology as possible.

Nightcliff Plumbing P/L NT Distributor for
RESOURCE  RECOVERY
A complete organic waste manage­ ment system type approved as on alternative. to conventlonal Septic & Aquatlc'treatment systems.
17 Travers Street, Coconut Grove NT.
Telephone 8985 5200
FacslmUe 8985 1066
The area had previously been used as a construction camp. a picnic area and a wedding venue, with the efficiency of its septic system leaving much to be desired. The redundant system was removed and a dynamic new system installed that turns waste into a resource.
The new system is called the Dowmus BF-2, and it is the first of its kind installed in the Territory. Dowmus Resource Recovery systems were designed in Queensland but recently a majority shareholding in the company was purchased by NT-based Somerville Communiry Services.
The Dowmus system employs large numbers of breeding nightcrawler worms that devour all biodegradable waste - sewerage and kitchen - that makes its way through a normal drainage system to a waste treatment plant.
Waste water percolates through the unit's
compost beds and various layers of filtration \!,·here it is collected for irrigation reuse.
"Underneath these beds we've got sand filtration and UV disinfection so the water is then suitable for re-use in irrigation," explains Kym Miller, customer relations manager for local Dowmus distributer, Nightcliff Plumbing.
'11Je system is under the guidance of Territory Health Services for two years to ensure the waste water reused for irrigation meets government standards.
The solid waste that remains after the worms eat their fill can also be collected as peat and recycled. A surprising lack of waste odour is due to the fact air is constantly drawn through the system, allowing it to breathe.
Dowmus also makes two other smaller waste recycling systemsin use in the Territory's military installations in rural areas - a dry system that features a waterless toilet pedestal, and a scaled do.,,,11 domestic version of the Pee Wee's restaurant model.
The dry system is already in use at Army facilities at Pukapunyal and Townsville, and the company will be competing for the contract to install its products in the environmentally sensitive Bradshaw Station Anny base in the Territory, soon to begin construction.
Another sector in which Nightcliff Plumbing hopes to see Dowmus systems employed will be on remote area Aboriginal communities. Low maintenance is a strong selling point in areas where few such service facilities exist.
"In remote area Aboriginal communities we have the pump systems running on solar power, so we have no need for outside electricity," states Kym Miller.
"Everything maintains itself once the system is up and running. It can operate in a remote area independently and only requires servicing every four to five months."•

Worm Work at \Voodside Petroleum
As a company in step with the latest environmental practices, Woodside Petroleum decided old­ fashioned dunny technology was not for them when it was time to upgrade their toilet facilities. Instead Woodside opted to grab the worm by the tail and harness the amazing ability of these little critters to quickly treat and convert wastewater and organic waste into a valuable resource onsite, without the use of chemicals.

Nightcliff Plumbing, the NT-distributors for the innovative D0WMUS Resource Recovery technology were called in to advise and design the most appropriate worm power option for Woodside. Over the last ten years DOV/MUS has won several environmental awards for industry and manufacturing, and has gained national recognition for the waste and wastewater treatment systems, which have been, developed and designed for clients such as the Defence Department and National Parks and Wildlife Service. A significant Research & Development program has resulted in an environmentally sustainable method of treating and re-using wastewater which is now being hailed as the most innovative option available in Australia.

HOWITWOf3.KS
The corner stone_of all DOWMUS technology is the ability to work with nature to solve every day waste problems. Each DOWMUS treatment system is a miniature ecosystem containing many and varied life form. The D0WMUS Biolytic filter is at the heart of this natural waste management system. Biolytic simply means biological breakdO\,\'Il. DOWMUS has found a way to increase the rate of biological activity in the chamber as well as increasing the oxygen transfer across to the wastewater. This results in a more efficient and less energy intensive way of treating wastewater.

The natural ecosystem within the chamber of the Biolytic filter breaks down, treats and converts organic waste and wastewater to stable compost and treated effluent suitable for non potable use. The specifically selected species of worms further increases the biological activity in the system by increasing the rate of treatment of the waste. The system is completely passively aerated and requires no mechanical aeration devices, i.e. fans, compressors and air pumps. This feature of the D0WMUS system virtually eliminates running and maintenance cost on the D0WMUS Biological Waste Treatment facility. The passive aeration of the system makes it more reliable than mechanically aerated treatment plants.

What's truly unique about the D0\VMUS Biological Waste Treatment System is its ability to treat organic putrescible solid waste and wastewater in the same system. The established ecosystem in the D0WMUS Biological·waste Treatment System contains a mixture of selective worms; native worms if in sensitive environments and a mixture of naturally occurring microorganisms.

\Vant to know more about worm power in domestic dunnies? Call Kim Miller on 0417 841 716.

Worm. driven
toilets

Dowmus Resource Recovery has harnessed the phenomenal energy of wonn power and has gained Australia - wide recognition in the process.
Dowmus has put large armies of worms to work in their innovative on-site waste management sys­ tems. These systems include both a none flush toilet system and a revolutionary new low flush sys­ tem which also treats all domestic waste water.
Unlike many septic systems which damage the soil and pollute the
water tables, the low maintenance environmentally friendly Dowmus system, is a soil enhancer not a soil destroyer. The Dowmus sys­ tem filters and recycles all waste water, providing healthy nutrients for garden plants and fruit trees.
Dowmus systems and worms are adaptable to any climatic condi­ tions and environment, from the tropical regions of northern Australia, to the cold and snowy mountains of Tasmania.

Worms at Work
in National Park

The Fitzroy Falls Visitor Information Centre in Morton National Park, plays host to about
2.5 million tourists each year. It's popularitv in recent years,
however, res lted in its ;ewerage system becoming overloaded and poluting the adjacent creek.
A solution needed to be found! After studying several options, it was decided two systems would
be tried - one of which was a Dowmus worm-driven composting toilet.
Although National Parks and Wildlife are still monitoring the system, which has not yet reached it's capacity, water polution to the creek has ceased and the quality of water in the compost drains impro\'ed.

Sydney's Sustainable House
Sydney's first self-sufficient house has been built in Chippendale. It collects its own power and water, and treats its waste on site. It's called Sydney's Sustainable House.

owned by Heather Armstrong and Mlchael Mobbs, who live there with their two children, Jessica and Jullan, th• house has been re-built by the family to:

Show that tt la flnanclally prudent to use water, energy and materials In a
sustainable way In a city terrace house:
Meet all water and wastewater nMda on site.
Be a net exporter of clean, solar energy.
Show that only rarely wlll atormwater leave th• site.

The two story inner city terrace is on a 130 square metre sile (including 48 square metre garden}, 2 kilometres from Sydney's central business district and 10 minutes walk from Darling Harbour. ·

What's	in  Sydney's  Sustainable	House?
A solar energy system. Surplus solar energy is put back into the main electricity grid. The solar system puts the house's power bills into a credit with the local power company. Each year, the house will be a net exporter of clean energy to the main grid. It produces 3610 kilowatts of power a year.
A waste treatment system. It treats washing, kitchen and household waste to tertiary quality levels for treatment and re-use. It uses natural, self-adjusting biological process, not chemicals. Yet the house appears the same as any other, having the usual flush toilet, and typical clothes and dish washing machines.

A water system. It catches rainwater from the roof and stores it for use, and filters out metals and other pollution.
There's a little wetland that provides a safe house for frogs (which eat the mozzies), insects, native birds. Only plantation or regrowth timbers from non­ controversial forests were used, and there's just a bit of PVC we couldn't avoid using as there were no alternatives.
Before and	After ...
This is the water and energy consumed, and sewage discharged, before the house was rebuilt. The house's sewage no longer pollutes the ocean through the local sewage company's discharge system. Now the household uses the rainwater and the sunlight which fall naturally onto the site.

Each year Sydney's Sustainable House.••

Saves 102,000 litres of water which is left in the Shoalhaven river and Warragamba Dam
Saves 4.3 tonnes of coal from burning
Reduces carbon dioxide pollution from power
Produces
$1119.30 of clean energy a year, or
$3.06 a day.

Keeps >60,000 litres of sewage out of the Pacific Ocean
Produces >100,000 litres of clean water
stations by 8.3 tonnes. So	• Keeps > 80,000
the house cuts	litres of stormwater
greenhouse pollution.		out of Sydney Harbout_
Cuts Council's waste by several tonnes. The waste
system recycles newspaper, kitchen scraps, compost

Cont ct:	Michael Mobbs tel 02 9310 2930 we 02 93101893

Sydney's sustainable house
Michael Mobbs and Heather Armstrong had their inner city terrace house converted to a showcase of sustainable technology late last year, and haven't noticed much difference in their lifestyle. Except that their water is cleaner, their kids know more about conservation, and their consciences are more at ease.

Iam in Heather Armstrong and Michael Mobbs' backyard looking for frogs. Heather and Michael are preparing the house for the Monday morning public tour-Michael is vacu­ uming the floor and Heather is putting away the breakfast tbings, wiping benchtops and loading the dishwasher. Their daughterJessica is practising cello in the lounge room. Their son.Julian, is enthusiastically explaining how big the frogs are. He says that they croak at night, and imitates the noise they make. We are looking into an attractive square hole in the ground filled with several species of reeds, which I later learn is part of the house's eilluent fil­ tration system. Behind the reeds there are a couple of boxes with switches on them, and what looks like the cover for an inspection hatch. These few metal boxes are the only things in the backyard that make this house look any different to the ochers in the street, unless of course you happen to look up and notice the solar panels on the roof-but these are only visible from
the back of the yard.
This is Michael and Heather's sus­ tainable house, launched last year by New South Wales premier, Bob Carr, and now appearing in mainstream me­ dia all over Australia. It is the only house in suburban Sydney that com­ bines self-sufficiency in water, recy­ cling of waste water on site and solar electricity generation.
The three systems are all intercon­ nected. All the rain water that falls on
the house's roof is collected in an un­ derground water tank. Because Syd­ ney's air is full of impurities, care must be taken when drinking water caught on  a rooftop. Smartflo guttering, which uses a shallow concave to lessen the build up of leaves, dust and other debris, was used on the whole house. A diverter uses a floating ball valve in a cylinder to collects the first 25 li­ tres of water each time it rains, before allowing it to flow to the water tank. Thus most of the fine dust from the roof is safely washed away. Testing by the University of Technology in Syd­ ney (UTS) has shov..,11 the water to be lower in lead particle and bacterial con­ tent than that from the main supply. As a precaution, however, the children drink only water that has passed through a carbon filter. Hot water is provided by a gas boosted Solarhart hot
water heater.
Once the rainwater comes out of the tap (there is a quiet on-demand water pump in the back yard), it is destined to enter the waste water system. It can enter via the shower, sink or hand ba­ sins, and if the water is drunk it will enter as faeces or urine via the flush toilet. There is even a bidet, which adds a touch of European elegance to the bathroom.
The waste water flows into a Dowmus waste system, which uses earthworms and micro-organisms to break down and filter human effiuent, grey water (water from washing clothes, showers and sinks) and food
scraps. At the other end of the system, water which is mostly free of patho­ gens is pumped through a surprisingly compact Ultra Violet (UV) light disinfector to ensure that it is com­ pletely sterile. This water is then used to wash clothes and flush the toilet, with excess flowing to reed beds where it is used by the plants, seeps into the ground or evaporates.
Electricity for the pumps and UV lamp is provided during the day by the third system, the solar elecrric power supply. Eighteen 120 watt Neste solar panels on the house's roof are con­ nected to the main electriccy grid via a CSA grid interactive inverter, which convem DC electricity from the solar panels into AC electricity ready to ex­ port to the grid, or to be used in the house. At night, or whenever con­ sumption exceeds supply from the panels, electricity is drawn back from the grid. It is too early to tell exactly how much power the panels will pro­ vide over a year, but it is estimated that they will generate more electricity than the household uses.
The energy efficiency measures adopted inside the house could easily be the subject of another article, and include optimal use of natural light, efficient halogen and compact fluores­ cent lighting and energy efficient ap­ pliances. A simple ventilation hole at the base of the fridge was suggested by Bob Carr during the launch, and it has been incorporated to help cool the compressor and improve efficiency.

for others like him. 'If the middle classes don't start taking things up, then we're never going to even approach "sustainable,'" he said.
The main motivation for the project
7J	was environmental concern. Accord-
ing to calculations by Michael and
·.q	other people involved v.ith the house,
il · the  three systems in concert annually
m ·.;;,} · _save over 100,000 litres of water from leaving Sydney_'s main water supply;
'.t	keep more than 60,000 litres of sew­
-  .'., .ouotfthe Pacific Ocean; keep more
t .·1 tfutn 80,000 litres of stormwater out of
L '.:isydney H bour; will produce around
,.i ijoo_worth of sol;r electricity each
·.'•:<, y ; reduces carbon dim,idc pollution
..., .'	,  .	.  .
Jfiom power stations by 8.3 tonnes; and
f.:;}u waste going	°landfill by several

;._	I	• • • < •,;I  •;  • ] • :., - - :' =-•••• •: ;- :::\•, • • •=• :• :; ':i-  :	•••
6 1 s.,	· ' · ·	· ·
1
sWhat it all cost : --
t;;. ....:,;	.-_1' ,.
: The	system cost a otal of $48,000, '\h ugh theSu binable Energy Devel­
.'opment Authority (SEDA) provided
, :$5000 to cover.the f 11 cost of the grid
-': tiractive invirtcr.'Several suppliers al t disco.unteci'thei;•pr ucts, in the
_b· o.,;,,Iedge th;t thehouse·.,;,,ould have
·,sigajficant_me9_ia exposure, but these
··...d.i..u.nts totalled no more than $2,000.
. ·.: The  solar elc:.ctric· sy'stem was the
· ;most expe i e, at;:total of $26,000,
..;,.,;hi1e both th water anci.yaste systems
. co t $11,000.·. ·•
:'. With'\he e>..;erience he gained,

Michael Mobbs and half of the 2.2·kilowatts of solar panels that power his house (the other half is or-i n-oth. f: ec orfgt the roof).

,	•··	,·:> :.'.-: - .<\ /-,· .

Michae-lestimates that the total cost c;i:Id ha e bee:' reduced by as much
as $6000 ifhe had to do it all again. He

In the fortnight before I -0sttcd/iJie '. ,: C nt newslcner from the Sydney-base_d al ? lie t at a bigger site v.ith bet­

house h d appear d on s ver,il tiJ ;:,i·-:_ EcoDesign Foundation. It criticised the sion programs, including.. Bµrkc's .. 'Sustainable' label used to describe h
Backyard, Our Hou c; i'.Tcxh·?r -:i J1ouse, claiming that it serves to si ­ night. It has also b , thc.subjei:{ f	plify and distort the concept of
major features in TI,e A;1st,;1li<11r' ar d	 sust:iinability. Michael, who is an en- Sydney l\.1oming Herald newspapers.		 vironmencal lawyer, regards this view Michael believes that the coverage has		 a·ssomew·hac precious, and has never been favourable, and has presented the		said the house is completely self suffi- information in a meaningful way.		 cienc. While not claiming to have There is, however, one son1ewhat	achieved the ultimate in sustainability. critical evaluation of the house in a re-		 he secs his job as being a role model
ter access to allow for easier excavation (like 'i good old quarter-acre block)
".Vould reduc the costs to around
$35,000.
The amoun-·c saved each year totals
$1390-$900 worth of electricity and
$490 on water and sewerage. Although
; the systems will not pay for themselves in the owne • lifetime when compared with utility-provided alternatives, Heather and Michael believe that they

can recoup a significant amount of the cost if they ever sell the house, on the basis that it will have the cheapest pow<:r bills in Sydney (and more than likely make returns on the energy used).
So which systems have the greatest environmental impact, and the best chance of economic returns? For the biggest wins at least cost, Michael rec­ ommends solar hot water (which has a payback period of around seven years); followed by the water catchment sys­ tem.
According to a cost-benefit analysis of the hOlisc prepared by the Univer­ sityof New South Wales Sc ool of Ac-
.	com_1ting·, the financial costs of the·
-ystein,s ouid. become significantly
System distributors and other resources
Prt?d t ,..{\,;:?·	..:..·..,: strltJo - - -
Waste·water system	.,
Dowmus toilet/greywater wstem.· Dowmus Resource_ Recovery, PO Box 400,...
:.,.	.	·. ; ..:.	;; Maleny, Old 4552, Ph: 1800 814 596.-.- ·	·
uvs'uit	violet water purifie.r ·:'. uvs Ultra Viole( 8-10 Keith Cari,pbellCt,
. Scoresby Vic 3179, Ph: {03) 9764 1444.
. Plants for nut ent filtration	·. Specla!ised.Plant PTQPagation Services, PO
·.·J .•:=•- -	·- , ··	Box 550, Griffith NSW 2680, Ph':-·(069) 62 3589.
Po ble ater aystenl \,	. .	..::-::-,-,_
Solarhart gas sted solar hot	Solarhart Australia, 112 Pilbara St, Welshpool, water-L system, 3001itre ·· ·	 WA°6106, Ph: (09) 458 7640. ·	·.
Smartflo._gutter .	. .  ·.,	rtflo Aus la, Leval 121'249 Coronation .·
.  . .	. . . . ·, ., Dve, Milton·',Old 4064, Ph·:1soo 642 339.  .· ..
Leaf Eater water diverter •	. . : Leaf Eater Products 12/220 Boundary St,
, ,	.	·· . Spring Hill, Old 4000, Ph: 075 731 335.
?- ._J.	..	. .
'.·. .. >., Solar electric system
- Design and installation ..	Soia·reorp; 259 Broadway, Broadway . .
·_·:_.'(-;. t(Sydney) N W 2007, Ph: (02) 9566 4340.

less if they we_rc built in to new devel­ opments. No doubt price·swould also
f\Jeste solar panels
..'.·-:-:. .N_este Australia, which has ceased operations. ·.
·.: '. i .. ', :. :New distriqutor: PnotOCQmm, PO Box 14n, :'')-.

· .	· -Toowong Old 4066, Ph (07) 385e 5388.:	.· .

fall if the system components were pro­ duced on a much larger scale. Given the huge environmemal benefits of the
"cSA inverter
C South East Solar; PO Box 336 Moruya
NSW 2537, Ph: (044) 74 2993:

Armstrong-Mobbs house, one can only hope that this starts happening soon.
The house is at 58 Myrtle Street, Chip­ pendale, Sydney. To book a tour phone SolaTCorp on (02) 9566 4340. Tours cost S5, and an info kit is available for $25.
Michael Linke
Monitoring	.
Water collection and recycling are being monitored by UTS School of CMI Engi­ neering to ensure that the systems are operating afely. Contact Assoc. Prof. Geoffrey O'Loughlin o phone: (02) 9514 2644_?remail_:[email protected]:ciu.au.

Other resources	'
The house renovations used minimal PVC products. Greenpeace have compiled a listing of PVC and other chlorine-based product alternatives, called the Chlorine­ Free Action Pack. It costs $25 and is available from Greenpeace at PO box 800,·
.  Surry Hills, NSW 2010, phone (02) 21_1 4066.

. TOILETS INTO TREES
	.	.
·ooWMUS Resourc.: Recovery are the only suppliers in Austr.1lia of the revolutionary
· ··· Imegratr::d Waste Management System.
'  .·-.
;.·,:r·•
A product that is manufa tured to suit your individual needs, through a no flush syst m or a
flush system, and which is a cost effective·alternative o replacement for all septic requirements.
•
:\  > •
•
. The DOWMUS System is so advanced, it safely conv rts household scraps and a. te water
··_for safe re-usr:: in the environment, without chemicals. Thafs why we're the preferred choice of both The Au. tralian Government and Th_e Defence Depanment.
DOWMUS Integrated Waste Management Systems offer a 100%- Lifetime Guar.inlee, require virtually No Mainten nce. and i portantly are Australian Owned.
Phone our qualified consultants today.
	.	.
FREECALL 1800 814 596
.
I I

/

High-Use Toilet Facilities at Fitzroy Falls

SUMMARY

A waste management project involving assessment of appropriate toilets for a high use area and the testing of two composting systems over a 12-month trial.

LOCATION

Fitzroy Falls Visitor Centre, Morton National Park, southern New South Wales.

ECOSYSTEM  TYPE

Cool temperate

LEVEL OF USE

More than 400 000 visitors each year.

VISITOR  PROFILE

The majority of visitors are day visitors. A small basic camping area is adjacent to the visitor centre which is located on one of the main access roads to the South Coast of New South \Vales.
Visitors are typically from the local area and the major centres of Sydney, Wollongong and Canberra.

Rc,ui)' dff£'-'·' t11 the
80-111ctrc dn1l' 1 :,,::: n1)' F,11/s, so11dst1111c i-l(!F, c1 ri1i1!fi1n·s1 11,illq•, ,111d 11t/1n 1111r11n·-l>c1.,·cd c1i'ti11iric.,· in
.\lort£l11 1V,11io11,,/ Pc,r · c1ri· dri111•i11,1!_/,11:l!_c 111f/11bcr.,· ,!f 11i.,ir,1rs cod, )'Cc1r.
UP  FRONT  CHALLENGES

The site had a small visitor centre, kiosk a11d picnic area with public toilet facilities. Around 2.5 million people tra\'el through the sire annually and of chis number an t·stimated 20 per cem stop off.
Since the early 1990s the facilitie, have been u113ble to cope \\·ith the high volume and increasing number of visitors to the site. In particular, the existing sewerage system was overloaded and was polluting the adjacent creek.
Morron National Park is on the Register of the National Estate, andYarrunga Creek forms p.1rt of Sydney's water c:itchmenc. The challenge \\'as co provide a was_{e managemem system chat would cope with the high volume of
\·isitors and was suited en the site limitations of minilllal bnd for disposal of trc: ltt'd warns a11d thl' semiti\·ity of the adjJcem water carchmem and creek system.

CONTACT

Margaret Bailey
National Parks and Wildlife Service Phone: (048) 87 7244 Fax: (048) 87 7372

Four alternatives were proposed for eilluent disposal:
septic ta.nk treatment with land disposal of the 'created' waters;
septic tank treatment , ith the treated water being pumped out to a local council treatment plant.
composting system with pump out co local council treatment or land disposal of'treated' waters; and
small-scale traditional sewerage works.
An evaluation of the first three options indicated that due to
high rainfall, low evaporation rates and minimal land availability, the amount of \Vater to be disposed of had to be greatly reduced and the quality of the 'treated' waters needed to be as high as possible. A facility to store large volumes of
v.-ata for possible pump out
\\·.is a requirement for the fourth option, as a back up in· times of high rainfall or a system breakdown.
The composting system was considered the best alternative due to the high coses associated with pump outs and traditional sewerage treatment works, and because of its ability to reduce the volume of water by eliminating the need for a 'flush' system.

The dry composting system provided a way of reducing the
\Vater volumes and filtering urine from the toilets as \vell as the water from hand basins in the toilet building. A grease trap and septic system was planned to treat the water from the staff facilities and the '.WO-seat restaurant plus drainage from the composters.
While there were many composting systems operating in eastern Australia none were of comparable scale. Furthermore, there was limited Australian on-site treatment research and de\'elopmenc, particularly in high­ use recreational siruacions.
Finally, as the project was pioneering new technology in the area of public health, it fac d considerable challenges in terms of approval by the relevant authorities.

PROJECT OUTCOMES

Two systems were selected for installation and trialing over a n.velve-month period:
'DOWMUS', a Queensland designed composting vnter
. treatment system employing c9mpost as a filtration medium to purify waste water and tream1ent of solid waste using vermiculture principles; and
A New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service designed rotary bin composter.
The trial installation of the composters has been approved by the New South Wales Department of Health. The Environment Protection Authority (NSW) has approved the septic tank and effluent disposal system.
Monitoring of the new systems will continue for a twelve-month period before complete approval is given.While the units are yet to reach their capacity, monitoring has
.hn,vn  that:
vtsitbr arprove of the new facility;
the project has resulted in no pollu_tiop_to the adjacent creek
·- -:
system; arid
the quality of v,,ater tested in the composter drains, holding tank and at ground v,;ater level has generally improved.
Use of the new facilities is monitored by counting mechanisms located at the entrances to the toilet blocks and also on the door of each cubicle.
Later this year the compost material in each system v-.-ill be ready for assessment.
The nonitoring component of the project and visitor feedback will assi.st in the development of other high use destinations in environmentally sensitive areas.
USE	OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
The use of composting toilets in a high volume public recreation area is a relatively new practice. A recent survey of 110 tourism operators, conducted as part of the research for the Department of Industry Science and Tourism publication, Best Practice Ea,tourism: A Guide to Energy a11d l1Vastc A1i11imisatio11, among other things, showed that: the main method of sewage disposal for tour operators was provided facilities, such as in national parks, and that septic facilities were the main method of sev.,age disposal by accommodation operators.
Both the 'DOWMUS' and the rotary bin systems apply innovative technology. 'DOWMUS' continues to be developed in many areas throughout Australia and overse:1. . The rotary bin due to its cost will probably have less application.
However, monitoring of both systems is continuing as part of the project.
Both composting systems are good examples of sustainable waste minimisation practices that meet the visitor management challenges, environmental objectives and, consequently, enhance tht' credibility of ecotourisrn and nature-based tourism operators using the ar a.
INVOLVEMENT BY TOURISM OPERATORS AND THE LOCAL COMMUNITY
Local government, regional tourism officers, tour operators, managers of natural areas, and the community have been kept up-to-date on the progress and dcvdopmenr of thl' project. A sign has been placed in the near-by rescauram rcquescing
\isitor feedback on the new toikt blocks. Jssuc!S raised by their comments h2ve been addressed and acted on. For example, improved ventilation in the toilet
complexes has minimised reports of unpleasant odours from the systems; footrests suitable for use by children should meet concerns ovrr safcty and comfort.

LESSONS  LEARNED

The use of composting toikrs in a high volume public recreation area is subject to many technological and adminisrratiw challenges both in developmcm and operation.
Staff continuity and commitment to the project is important to the quality of outcomes and should be a priority from the earliest phases.
More gener:i.lly, the public needs education about wa. ti: management in terms of tht' limited n:sourn:s a,·ailable, especially in n:iture-bJsed contexts.

Australian  Arn1y <>

Technical Note 1	17 July 1997

Macrossan Installation The DOWMUS installation at Macrossan is an effective combination of stan­ dard Rein Tank with a BFl internal configuration. Double pedestals per tank provide a non flush facility in this water starved location near Charters Tow­ ers. west of Townsville. The showers, handbasins,and clothes washing facili­ ties drain passively into an inground concrete holding tank. The sink in the nearby Mess also drains to this holding tank. A commercial food grinder converts all the food scraps into relatively small pieces which .,	a,lso gravitate into the same tank..A submersible pump 1r!.f1it.;:1}f..,;f.:;:i -f	capable of passing solids, pressurizes a supply line termi- nated by injector nozzles at each DOWMUS Tank. The 1 .fr, Jt:•:ij·."4·t·.·;·;t·.,	..;. solids material is deposited onto the Biolytic Filter sur- f1¥-it -{i -.,:	•if: face in each tank in a reasonably equal volume. The Fil- trate percolates to a common collection line and into i!,;;:i,;,.i-,,fJ'-·..-l.-..tt.-f 1   '{	; 7.;: :;:::! f "ii::;;£ :;: i n:,ir 'f-••	the planted. mounded. evapo-transpiration areas :11il .,	_ '.'t.,":_	evaporation travels vertically downwards and is picked up by a slotted pipe underdrain located centrally below the mound. The filtrate reaching this line gravitates to a pump- well situated at the end of the line. As required, a float level controlled pump and irrigation system dis­ perse the filtrate over a nearby field. Best Practise Implementation. The Department of Defence has demonstrated that it is ,· - .	willing to implement new technology to substantiate ,_'"'""!:l · ..,:LJ..\!,:	.-.r.,...· - ....- ..	·-
DOWMUS IS A PREFFEHRED SUPPLIER TO THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFEN.CE.	their claim of moving to "Environmentally Responsible · Defence". No water is used for disposal of human waste. All the greywater is treated before discharge to the environment. Secondary use of the treated Filtrate is made with the nearby planted area. Kitchen waste does not provide a man­ agement problem or health hazard by being left in bins outside the kitchen. The system colledion tanks provide storage should the power supply fail, and the toilets can of course continue to fundion without power. Should the ceramic, powder coated aluminium, or stainless steel pedestals not be cul­ turally appropriate during specific training exercises, they can be replaced by DOWMUS designed and manufadured squat plates.

,.	(I

Department  of
Defence
Macrossan  •  QLD
1tttlt

PRODUCT:
Ablution Blocks

SPECIFJCATIONS:
75mm Boodore insula1ed wan panels, HardiColore Washroom Partitions, 18mm Hardipane Compressed
wet area floors,
Hardie hot water systems

:-- ·: -

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.	.
,....--
. •	.	-
.,-. ,-

Following an Increase In personnel, the Australian Army required a new ablution block for Its Macrossan camp, 1201cm west of Townsvllle.
Project manager Sgt Rod Knight said the
Army was endeavouring to minimise
,;-

·(0
Sgt Knight said "the Army, James
z. Ii:·.•..

.

'
-.
.-t.'
,

maintenance costs, reduce water usage and remain ready for relocation.

The Army and James Hardie Building Systems designed a pair of elevated 15.5 metre long by 9.5 metre wide Au buildings for the facility which Includes 16
toilet pedestals, 12 showers and a laundry. These building are elevated 2.7 metres on steel posts set in concrete.

The ablution building features free-drop Dowmus composting toilets using tiger worms, making It very environmentally friendly.
11t Ill
i.
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.
.....-:
'
,
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.
a·'rn·  -..	..
T	-

'
Hardie and Dowmus had combined to
complete an environmental toilet block which was low in maintenance requirements and could be relocated to another area at minimal costs:

Sgt Rod Knight Australian Army

James Hardie
Buildin	S·	stems

Version: 1, Version Date: 03/12/2021

GLOBAL TESTING

.......:1Q:P'   Jt}}[<  99/0038	SITE CLASSIFICATION REPORT
:e.tfitNft}.)t{fi)\U.}\\ RENA MERCHANT

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this report is to classify the subject allotment in accordance with Australian Standard 2870 - 1996 'Residential Slabs and Footings'. From this classification a footing system can be recommended for the structure so as to allow adequate performance of the footings under the soil conditions determined at the site.

This report relates exclusively to the proposed residence at lot 394 Kabi Rd,Cootharaba, as detailed on the architectural drawings supplied by the client. This docwnent has been prepare.d for the express purpose stated above_ This document does not cover any other elements related to construction on the site_

SITE DESCRIPTION

The subject site is an acreage allotment,which fronts an unsealed road.

The site is grassed,with no trees within the proposed house site area.The propsed house site area falls at a slope of approximately 10% in a northerly direction.A dam is located approximately 100m downhill of the proposed site_

SOIL PROFILE

The borelogs earned out at the site, refer attache.d Site Plan for localities, indicate that the soil profile consists of a moist,pale brown with orange and pale grey mottling.high plasticity SANDY CLAY.Underlying this was a moist,orange.lred and white mottled,high plasticity CLAY.

Dynamic Cone Penetrometer testing carried out at the site, refer attached Site Plan for localities, indicate that the Sandy Clay was firm to stiff.

Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the borelogs carried out at the subject allotment are indicative of the soil profile over the site any discrepancy between the profile detailed in the borelogs and that obversed during construction shall be referred to Global Testing for immediate attention.

MATERIALS LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

Materials Laboratory Testing carried out on samples of the soil taken from the site gave the following
results: -

BOREHOLE	BHl
DEPTH RANGE OF SAMPLE	II	0.8-1.0m
LIOUID LIMIT	n/a
PLASTIC LIMIT	n/a
PLASTIC INDEX	n/a
LINEAR SHRINKAGE	n/a
INSTABILITY INDEX	n/a
SHRINK-SWELL INDEX,Iss	5.3%
PREDICTED SURFACE MOVEMENT	44mm

Please note that the Plasticity lndex (PI) determined by the Atterberg Test may be correlated to an Instability index (Ips) with reference to the results of extensive testing carried out by others, notably, Dr P Mitchell, 'Footings for Small Scale Domestic Structures', March 1990.

5	SITE CLASSIFICATION AND TARGET STRATA

Based on the findings of the site investigation ,the classification of the site is considered to conform
to: -

CLASS" H"
in accordance with Australian Standard 2870 - 19%, 'Residential Slabs and Footings, Construction'.

The target stratum for the foundation of the structure is the sandy clay, 400mm below the existing ground level. Any fill placed over the existing ground shall be piered through the fill into the existing material Further note that the placement of reactive material as fill, or cutting of the site area may change the site's classification.

Yours Faithfully,
/117 IJ (/
MICHAEL PINKNEY.(doratory Manager)

THE ONLY NAME IN SOILS

SOIL PROFILE REPORT

CLIENT:
PROJECT:
Rena Meichant Proposed House Lot 394 Kabi Rd
AUTHORIZED BY: DATE TESTED: JOB NO:
Barry Broadhurst 26/03/99
99/0038

Cootharaba

Drilling Method: Jacro 105 75 mm Diameter	Borehole No: I
Depth (m)	Description	PENET. (blows per 100mm)	Comments
		I	2	3	4	
0	Sihy Sand(SM}-Fine to medium grained,dark grey,moist,medium dense. Sandy Clay(CL)-Low plasticity,pale brown,fine to medium grained.moist.firm. Sandy Clay(CH)-High plasticity,pale brown with orange and pale grey mottled,fine sand,traces of gravel,moist,firn to stiff. (percentage of sand decreases with depth) Clay(CH)-High plasticity,orange/red and white mottled, with fine sand,moist,stiff. Hole Tenninated.					US0/0.8-1.0m
100		2				
200		3				
300		2				
400		3				
500		2				
600		3				
700		2				
800		3				
900		2	-			
1000		3				
1100		4				
1200		4				
1300		4				
1400		5				
1500		5				
1600		-				
1700						
1800						
1900						
2000						
2100						
2200						
2300		'				
2400		I			
2500						

Bore logging in accordance with AS1726 - 1993 Site Investigation Code

THE ONLY NAME IN SOILS

SOIL PROFILE REPORT

CLIENT: PROJECT:
Rena Merchant Proposed House Lot 394 Kabi Rd
AUTHORIZED BY: DATE TESTED: JOB NO:
Barry Broadhurst 26/03/99
99/0038

Cootharaba

Drilling Method: Jacro 105 75 mm Diameter	Bo hole No: 2
Depth (m)	Description	PENET. (blows per 100mm)	Comments
		1	2	3	4	
0	Silty Sand(SM)-Fine to medium grained,dark grey,moist,medium dense. Clayey Sand(SC)-Low plasticity,pale brown,fine to medium grained,moist,firm. Sandy Clay(CH)-High plasticity,pale brown I orange and pale grey mottled,fine to medium sand,moist,stiff Sandy Clay(CH)-High plasticity,fine sand.orange /red and white mottled,moist,stiff. Hole Tenninated.					
100			2			
200			2			
300			3			
400			2			
500			3			
600			3			
700			3			
800			3			
900			_4			
l000			3			
1100			4			
1200			4			
1300			4			
1400			5			
1500			5			
1600			-			
1700						
1800						
1900						
2000						
2100						
2200						
2300						
2400						
2500						

Bore logging in accordance with AS1726 - 1993 Site Investigation Code

GlOBAl TESTING

THE	ONLY NAME IN SOILS

Test Locality Plan
LEGEND
BH - Borehole Location
PN - Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Location

Existing Shed

j

20
PT - Percolation Test

.
To Kabi Road

1
PT4o

BH2
N_2.,	 15

---i

15
BH
PN
8,r-s-,t

1
1

PT1 65 56 PT2
\	BH3/
10 \	/	10
PT3

To intennittent watercourse
15

!4H4
10

Not to Scale

Note: Any dimensions, contours, slope directions and magnitudes shown on the plan shall not be use<f for any buikfing construction or costing calculations. The purpose of !he plan is to show the approximate location of the field tests only. All dimensions in metres UNO .

Rena Merchant Proposed House
Lot 394 Kabi Road. Cootharaba
Te.'!t Localitv Plan - 99/0038.TLP I

LIMITATIONS
Recommendations given in this report are based on the information supplied by the client regarding the proposed building construction in conjunction with the findings of the investigation. Any change in construction type, building location or omission in the client supplied information, may require additional testing and/or make the recommendations invalid.

The recommendations herein identify a target soil stratum into which the footings are to be founded_ The target stratum has been located by the depth in mm of the target stratum's upper horizon boundary below the existing ground surface level at the time of the site investigation. Any cutting or filling works and any surface erosion or deposits subsequent to the site investigation, will alter the measured location of the stratum relative to the surface. \\ihere required, the author should be notified in such cases to confirm the location of the target stratum.

The description of the soil given in the Soil Profile section of this report is intended as a brief overview of the soil's primary constituents. For a detailed classification of the soil, the reader should refer to the Soil Profile Reports and/or Borehole Reports attached to this report.

Every reasonable effort has been made to locate the test sites so that the borehole profiles are representative of the soil conditions within the area investigated. The client should be made aware however, that exploration is limited by time available and economic restraints. In some cases soil conditions can change dramatically over short distances, therefore, even careful exploration programs may not locate all the variations.

Jf soil conditions different from those shown in this report are encountered or are inferred from other sources, then the author must be notified immediately.

This report may not be reproduced except in full. The information and drawings provided with this report shall only be used and will only be applicable for the development shown on the client supplied information provided for this site.

Any dimensions, contours, slope directions and magnitudes shov.'ll on the Test Locality Plan shall not be used for any building construction or costing calculations. The purpose of the plan is to show approximate location of field tests only.

Any changes made to these recommendations by persons unauthorised by the author will legally be interpreted as that person assuming the responsibility for the long-term perfonnance of the footing system.

The recommendations contained in this report have not taken into consideration the long term effects of any previous, current or potential subsurface work by mining companies or potential slope instability problems. At the time of writing this report neither our client (nor his agent) nor the local authority had made the author aware that these problems may be affecting th.is allotment. If a mining subsidence or slope stability assessment is reqwred for this allotment, the recommendations of a suitably qualified geotechnical engineer should be sought.

3

GlOBAl TESTING

tsrl:&Ji;Q TiONf PROPOSED HOUS	LOT 394 KABI RD. COOTHARABA.

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this report is to evaluate and define a suitable on-site sewerage treatment and disposal system for household effiueuts in accordance with Australian Standard 1547 - 1994 'Disposal Systems for effluent from Domestic Premises'.

This report relates exclusively to the proposed house area at lot 394 Kabi rd. Cootharaba This document has been prepared for the express purpose stated above. Titis document does not cover any other elements related to construction on the site.

SITE DESCRIPTION A,"\1D WEATHER CONDITIONS

The site is an acreage allotment,which fronts an unsealed road.

The proposed effiuent disposal area is grassed with mediwn sized mature trees located within 20 metresof the area.The proposed effluent disposal area falls·at a slope of 10% in a northerly direction.Surface water drainage from adjoining allotments will not traverse this site.
A Dam is located approx:i.'Ilately 60 metres downhill of the proposed effluent disposal area. The weather conditions prior to testing were periods of moist conditions.
The site is not a known flood area

SOIL PROFILE

The borelogs carried out at the site, refer attached Site Plan for localities, indicate that the soil profile typically consists of a moist, pale brown/grey and Of8%cre mottled,high plasticity,SAN1)Y CLAY.Overlying this is a moist,pale brown/orange,low plasticity,SANDY CLAY.

Groundwater was not encountered during the field investigation.

Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the borelogs carried out at the subject allotment are indicative of the soil profile over the site any