MCU15/0095 & REC15/0022 PM Submission Object - Jenelle Wilson

precautionary      principle and consider the possible risks to make a decision that is not in any way harmful.
In the absence of scientific consensus that the Development                     is not harmful, the burden of proof that it is
not harmful falls on the Developer and the Property Owner. Neither has satisfied that burden of proof.


Emissions from          petrol   stations    are widely      acknowledged       to contain   compounds         harmful     to health,
including,     toluene,    xylenes; and benzene which is a known health risk and carcinogen.                             Exposure to
emissions from petrol            stations    has been shown to be associated with                 increased risks of childhood
leukaemia, independent             of other risk factors.'

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A Spanish study published             in the US Journal of Environmental           Management        in December 2010 shows
that emissions from evaporated                petrol or fuel, generally when petrol is being transferred                 or has been
spilt, contaminates        the surrounding       area with volatile materials, including the carcinogen benzene.                      This
means that the atmosphere              in the immediate       vicinity of service stations can be contaminated                 up to SO
metres away.           The study recommends            that a minimum       distance of 50 metres should be maintained
between       petrol    stations    and housing,       and 100 metres for "especially            vulnerable"      facilities    such as
hospitals, health centres, schools and old people's homes.


 In 2014, Dr Ian Francis Musgrave,                lecturer    in Pharmacology,      University    of Adelaide, referred             to the
Spanish Study stating that the radius of significant levels of hydrocarbons                      of concern was of the order of
approximately          7Sm from the station.          For example the levels of benzene at 75 meters were 4 ~g/m3,
which is 25% of the EPA yearly exposure limit of 16 ~g/m3.


Professor Lidia Morawska             at QUT has been conducting            studies in Brisbane into the health effects of
exposure of children to airborne nano and ultrafine                  particles (UFP) emitted from motor vehicles.                   Owing
to their small size, UFPs are able to penetrate                    deep into the lungs, where they may cause adverse
respiratory,    pulmonary        and cardiovascular       health effects. Her studies show that the impact is significant
and visible. In addition to the emissions from vehicles in the service station, the proposed Development
will generate more traffic in and around the School. These emission sources are in such close proximity
to the school that they pose and unacceptable                  increased health risk to this vulnerable         population          group
of school students.


The Western Australian             Environmental      Protection    Authority   (WAEPA) in its policy document,                Guideline
for the Assessment of Environmental Factors, recommended                        separation distances for Industrial Residual
Air Emissions of 200 meters                 between     a service station       operating    24 hours a day and a school.
"Separation distance" is defined to be the shortest distance between the boundary of the service station
and the School.


The subject Property directly adjoins the School's 14m toddler outdoor                       pool and the 25m outdoor                pool
used by all age groups. The fuel bowsers on the proposed development                              are dangerously        close to the
Pool facilities    being no more than an estimated                 30 meters from the outdoor           toddler     pool. The pool
facilities,   apart from constant           school use, are utilised all year round by the School's associated Swim


• see e.g. CSteffen et al 2004 - "Acute childhood leukaemia and environmental exposure to potential sources of
  benzene and other hydrocarbons; a case-control study" and many other similar studies showing adverse effects
  particularly on young growing bodies.
7 Tcrrcs et al




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