1-22276-01 site plan

                                        NOTES RELATING TO THIS REPORT
                                                          September, 2019


INTRODUCTION                                                          determination of shear strength, volume change potential
                                                                      and compressibility. Undisturbed sampling is generally
These notes are provided by Soil Surveys Engineering Pty
                                                                      effective only in cohesive soils.
Limited (the Company) to complement the geotechnical
report in regard to classification methods and field                  Details of the type and method of sampling used are given
procedures. Not all notes are necessarily relevant to all             on the attached logs.
reports.
                                                                      SAMPLE STORAGE – SOIL, ROCK AND WATER
The ground is a product of continuing natural and man-made
                                                                      SAMPLES
processes and therefore exhibits a variety of characteristics
and properties which vary from place to place and can                 Soil samples (not subject to testing) are not stored beyond a
change with time. Geotechnical engineering involves                   period of 90 days of taking or receiving said soil sample.
gathering and assimilating limited information about these            Rock core (not subject to testing) is not stored beyond a
characteristics and properties in order to understand or              period of six months of taking or receiving said rock core.
predict the behaviour of the ground on a particular site under
                                                                      Should any party require that soil samples (not subject to
certain conditions. This report may contain such information
                                                                      testing) be stored beyond 90 days, or rock core (not subject
obtained by inspection, excavation, probing, sampling,
                                                                      to testing) be stored beyond six months, please contact Soil
testing or other means of investigation. If so, they are directly
                                                                      Surveys Engineering.
relevant only to the ground at the place where and at the
time when the investigation was carried out.                          Water samples (not subject to testing) are not stored beyond
                                                                      a period of seven days of taking or receiving water samples.
DESCRIPTION AND CLASSIFICATION METHODS
                                                                      TEST LOCATIONS
Soils - The methods of description and classification of soils
and rocks used in this report are based on Australian                 Test locations (e.g. boreholes, CPT’s, test pits etc.) were
Standard 1726-2017 (Geotechnical Site Investigations),                based on available access at the time of testing. Test
where appropriate. In general, descriptions cover the                 locations may have been shifted if access was not suitable.
following properties - soil or rock type, colour, structure,
                                                                      Unless noted otherwise, accuracy of test locations are to the
strength or density, and inclusions. Identification and
                                                                      accuracy of hand held GPS equipment.
classification of soil and rock involves judgement and the
Company infers accuracy only to the extent that is common             INVESTIGATION METHODS
in current geotechnical practice.
                                                                      The following is a brief summary of investigation methods
Soil types are described according to the dominant particle           currently adopted by the Company and some comments on
size and behaviour as set out in AS 1726-2017.                        their use and application.

Cohesive soils are classified on the basis of strength                Test Pits - These are normally excavated with a backhoe or
(consistency) either by use of hand penetrometer, shear               a tracked excavator, allowing close examination of the insitu
vane, laboratory testing or engineering examination. The              soils if it is safe to descend into the pit. The depth of
strength terms are defined in AS 1726-2017 Table 11.                  penetration is limited to approximately 3.0m for a backhoe
                                                                      and up to 6.0m for an excavator. Limitations of test pits are
Non-cohesive soils are classified on the basis of relative
                                                                      the problems associated with disturbance and difficulty of
density usually based on insitu testing or engineering
                                                                      reinstatement and the consequent effects on close-by
examination (see AS 1726-2017 Table 12).
                                                                      structures. Care must be taken if construction is to be carried
Rocks - Rock types are classified by their geological names           out near test pit locations to either properly recompact the
(AS 1726-2017 Tables 15 to 18), together with descriptive             backfill during construction or to design and construct the
terms regarding weathering (AS 1726-2017 Table 20),                   structure so as not to be adversely affected by poorly
strength (AS 1726-2017 Table 19), defects (AS 1726-2017               compacted backfill at the test pit location.
Table 22), etc.
                                                                      Hand Auger Drilling - A borehole of 50mm to 100mm
SAMPLING                                                              diameter is advanced by manually operated equipment.
                                                                      Refusal of the augers can occur on a variety of materials
Sampling is carried out during drilling or from other
                                                                      such as hard clay, gravel or rock fragments and does not
excavations to allow engineering examination (and
                                                                      necessarily indicate rock level.
laboratory testing where required) of the soil or rock.
                                                                      Continuous Spiral Flight Augers - The borehole is
Disturbed samples taken during drilling provide information
                                                                      advanced using 75mm to 300 mm diameter continuous spiral
on plasticity, grain size, colour, moisture content, minor
                                                                      flight augers, which are withdrawn at intervals to allow
constituents and, depending upon sample disturbance,
                                                                      sampling or insitu testing. This is a relatively economical
(information on strength and structure).
                                                                      means of drilling in clays and in sands above the water table.
Undisturbed samples are taken by pushing a thin walled                Samples are returned to the surface by the flights or may be
sample tube, usually 50mm diameter (U50), into the soil and           collected after withdrawal of the augers. Information from
withdrawing it with a sample of the soil contained in a               the drilling (as distinct from specific sampling) is of relatively
relatively undisturbed state. Such samples yield information          lower reliability due to remoulding, inclusion of cuttings from
on structure and strength, and are necessary for laboratory           above or softening of samples by groundwater, or