2 David Low Way - Attachment 6 - UXO Assessment - OPEC

                                                                        OPEC - 2 David Low Highway, Castaways Beach
                                                                                           Rev 02 – AFU – 10 Aug 2017


GENERIC UXO RISK EVENTS & CONSEQUENCES
The main risk events associated with EO/UXO contamination are typically as follows:
         Explosion of EO/UXO:
             o     Self-explanatory however it should be noted that an explosion typically produces a
                   dangerous blast/shock wave (confined to a relatively small area of <50m diameter)
                   and potentially lethal fragmentation (which may travel hundreds of metres).
             o     Could result in injury or death to personnel or damage to assets as well as possible
                   litigation, regulatory involvement and adverse PR.
             o     Exposed personnel are most at risk; vehicle and machinery operators may be provided
                   some protection by the machinery.
             o     May affect both people on-site (e.g. munition explodes during ground intrusive work
                   or firefighting) and off-site (e.g. munition is inadvertently transported to recycler and
                   explosion occurs during recycling).
             o     Even if no injury occurs, an unplanned explosion would almost certainly trigger a ‘stop
                   work’ while the incident was investigated. Additional consequences could include full
                   site shutdown while the area was investigated/remediated, legal action, adverse PR,
                   increases in insurances as well as other negative consequences.
         Encountering EO/UXO/components (without explosion): i.e. circumstances where EO/UXO
          are uncovered or otherwise observed without there being an explosion (found by local
          resident, field worker, fire fighter, etc). Finding or sighting EO/UXO/components (without an
          explosion) has the potential to:
             o     cause schedule delays due to the need to stop work, deploy an EOD response team,
                   conduct EO remediation work or undertake investigations;
             o     incur additional costs related to disposal of EO/UXO, delays costs (extended
                   delays/stoppages of work), increases in insurances and possible need for full site
                   remediation;
             o     raise concerns of workers or users of the site (see ‘Perception of risk’ later); or
             o     if the finding of a ‘live’ EO/UXO is not properly controlled, this may escalate to
                   explosion causing fatalities or damages.
         Release of or exposure to harmful chemicals: Many munitions contain a variety of chemicals
          which may:
             o     be harmful to people if these chemicals come in contact with flesh (e.g. WP), inhaled,
                   absorbed or ingested;
                     Note: White Phosphorus (WP) is used in smoke, incendiary and other munitions. It is highly
                     flammable and pyrophoric (self-igniting) upon contact with air as well as toxic if ingested or
                     inhaled in sufficient quantities. It continues to burn until expended or deprived of atmospheric
                     oxygen and often results in numerous, deep and severe burns. It can remain dormant in
                     soil/containers for many years and spontaneously ignite when exposed to air.
             o     if sufficient quantities of these chemicals exist or are released, may contaminate the
                   soil or water, enter the human food chain or otherwise damage the ecosystem.




For use only in relation to the specified project
© 2017 Copyright BOZ Technical Services Pty Ltd                                                      Page 17 of 22