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Appendix F Bushfire Management Plan
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Log in to see the plans as drawn APPENDIX F
Bushfire Management Plan
Prepared by:
Bushfire Risk Reducers
www.bennettandbennett.com.au 201312_Town Planning Application | March 2021
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BUSHFIRE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Lot 1 on RP174646
9 Butler Street, Tewantin
Client Reference: 001.01.21
Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 1
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DISCLAIMER
The following report is made on the basis of the assessment undertaken at this location by Bushfire Risk Reducers in
December 2020.
Whilst Bushfire Risk Reducers uses its best endeavors to ensure that the information contained in this report is valid
and comprehensive, the company makes no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability,
completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and all liability (including
without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential
damage) and costs which might be incurred as a result of the data being inaccurate or incomplete in any way and for
any reason.
Should the Client have any concerns arising from this report or its content, they are requested to contact Bushfire
Risk Reducers directly.
REPORT AUTHOR
Alistair Hill
Director - Bushfire Risk Reducers
Grad Dip Bushfire Planning and Design
FPAA BPAD-Level 3 Certified Practitioner
Certification Number: BPD-PA-19034
COPYRIGHT
© Bushfire Risk Reducers
All rights are reserved.
®
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DOCUMENT CONTROL Bushfire Management Plan Client: Mr K. Courtney Client Reference: 001.01.21 Project: RoL Site Location: 9 Butler Street, Tewantin Version Date Status Changes Author Approver Rev 0 5.01.2021 First Draft AH AH Rev 1 7.01.2021 Final Report AH AH Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 3
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Contents
1.0 Introduction 5
2.0 Site and Development Description 6
2.1 Property Description 6
2.2 Proposed Development 6
2.3 Site Location and Layout 7
3.0 Bushfire Hazard Assessment 8
3.1 Bushfire Hazard Classification 8
3.2 Vegetation Assessment, Slope and Separation Distances from Proposed Development 9
3.3 Fuel Accumulation Assessment 10
4.0 Site Constraints and Environmental Values which may limit mitigation options 11
4.1 Fire History and Frequency 12
5.0 Specific Risk Factors Associated with the Development Proposal 12
5.1 Nature of activities anticipated on site 12
5.2 Numbers of people likely to be present 13
6.0 Nature and Severity of Potential Attack 13
6.1 Bushfire Season and Weather 13
6.2 Anticipated Direction of Bushfire Attack 13
6.3 Anticipated Severity of Attack 14
7.0 Bushfire Protection Measures in Combination 16
7.1 Building Construction and Design 16
7.2 Asset Protection Zones and Landscaping 16
7.3 Access and Egress Management 17
7.4 Water Supplies and Utilities 17
7.5 Fire Fighting and Emergency Management Arrangements 18
8.0 Assessment of Proposal Against the Noosa Plan 2020, Part 8.2.3 19
9.0 Assessment of Proposal Against State Planning Policy 2019 21
10.0 Recommendations 22
11.0 Summary 22
12.0 References 23
Appendix 1 – Native species of lower combustibility 24
Appendix 2 – Template for Residents Bushfire Emergency Management Plans 25
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1.0 Introduction
This report has been commissioned by Mr Kieran Courtney in order to support a Development Application for the
subdivision of Lot 1 on RP174646 (the “Subject Lot”); and also in compliance with the Building Code of Australia
(BCA), in respect of future residential buildings on each of the Lots.
Noosa Council (NC) bushfire hazard overlay mapping classifies the Subject Lot as “bushfire prone area” (BPA).
The hazard mapping is based on Queensland Government State Planning Policy (December 2013, latest version
July 2017) accompanied by A new methodology for State-wide mapping of bushfire prone areas in Queensland
(CSIRO 2014).
The designation by Council of land being BPA has two main implications:
1. It requires the production of a Bushfire Management Plan which complies with the Planning Scheme (in
this case Part 8.2.3 (Bushfire Hazard Overlay Code) of the Noosa Plan 2020.
2. It invokes the Building Code of Australia (BCA), requiring compliance with its bushfire related function
performance objectives and with AS3959-2018 Construction of buildings in bushfire prone areas.
This Bushfire Management Plan objectively determines the nature and severity of potential worst case wildfire
in the area, and develops risk mitigation measures to be used in combination with established construction
needs in accordance with AS3959-2009. It is the implementation of all these protection measures in
combination, that will demonstrate the viability and conformance of the proposed development in the
development application process.
2.0 Site and Development Description
2.1 Property Description
Site ID: Lot 1 on RP174646
Parish of NOOSA, County of MARCH.
Current address of property: 9 Butler Street, Tewantin, QLD 4565.
Local Government Area: Noosa Council.
Total Area: 1 554m²
Zoning: Low Density Residential
2.2 Proposed Development
The proposed development is planned to create a two Lots, one of which abuts an area of forest vegetation
zoned as Environmental Management and Conservation.
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2.3 Site Location and Layout Figure 1. Broader area showing the location of the proposed development. Located on the western side of Butler Street, the site abuts an area of forest vegetation on the northern part of the Tewantin Cemetery Lot, which in turn is continuous with unmanaged forest on land under the control of the Sunshine Coast Institute of TAFE. This vegetation aligns with the west, the direction of worst case fire weather conditions for the region. Figure 2 shows the access/egress for both new lots in a safe direction. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 6
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Figure 2. Proposed subdivision The site is within approximately 2.5km by road of the nearest Queensland Fire and Emergency Services (Tewantin Fire Station). Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 7
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3.0 Bushfire Hazard Assessment 3.1 Bushfire hazard classification Figure 3. Council bushfire hazard mapping “Bushfire Prone Area” (BPA) is defined under Section 12 of Building Regulation 2006 and the BCA as an area identified as such by Local Government , in this case using the methodology specified in A new methodology for State-wide mapping of bushfire prone areas in Queensland (CSIRO 2014). The BCA calls up AS3959- 2018 as providing “Deemed to Satisfy” construction levels for Class 1, 2 and 3 buildings and associated Class 10a structures constructed in bushfire prone areas. AS3959-2018 specifies building implications within 100m of designated bushfire prone land, or more strictly speaking, within 100m of intact, classified vegetation (50m in the case of grassland). This BMP establishes Bushfire Attack Levels (BALs) for affected Lots, using a combination of Methods 1 and 2 approach under AS3959-2018. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 8
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3.2 Vegetation Assessment, Slope and Separation Distances from Proposed
Development
Figure 4. Fuel Zones Assessed Solid arrows show most likely direction of bushfire attack, dotted lines
represent ember attack.
The vegetation type under AS3959-2018 is “forest” and the effective slope beneath vegetation being classified
is taken as 0⁰ / Flat.
Section 6 objectively calculates and determines the potential nature and severity of bushfire attack more
thoroughly. This serves as a basis for determining the construction and other bushfire protection measures
outlined in the BAL Assessment.
Fuel assessments were undertaken using the Overall Fuel Hazard Assessment - DSE Victoria (Oct 2010),
although the fuel values applied to fire modelling in Section 6.3 are taken from the Queensland Government
(QFES) dataset, as required under AS3959-2018.
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3.3 Fuel Accumulation Assessment – Forest West
Figure 5. Fuel Accumulation Assessment – Forest West
Fuel hazard estimate Assessment according to Hines et al 2010
Date: 23rd December 2020
Layer Rating Description / Comments Equivalent fuel
load
t/ha
Surface and near surface Very High Very High litter bed 40 mm, with Very high NS fuels, 15 - 17
mainly ferns and sedges, Gahnia sp, Lomandra sp.
Elevated High Canopy recruiters, Acacia spp high oil shrubs … brush 3-4
against vegetation most of the time … most fuel at the
top of the layer
Bark Very High Fibrous barks (E.tindaliae), papery barks 2-4
(M.quinquinervia, L.suavolens) and lower bark hazard
(C.intermedia).
Overall rating Very High 20 - 25t/ha
Table 1. Fuel Assessment Forest West.
The adjacent vegetation community is consistent with mapped as RE12.5.3, for which State Government
attributes a default total available fuel load of 24.2t/ha. A total available fuel value of 24.2t/ha (21t/ha of which
is surface and near surface fuel) is applied to site specific fire modelling in Section 6.
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4.0 Site constraints and environmental values which may limit mitigation options Figure 6. Regional Ecosystem (RE) Mapping Figure 6 shows the proposed development location in relation to vegetation mapped by the Queensland Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy (DNRME) as “Endangered” and “Of Least Concern” Regional Ecosystems. DNRME provides the following Description and recommended fire guidelines for the vegetation community mapped to the adjacent west. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 11
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Regional Description Fire Guidelines
Ecosystem
RE 12.5.3 Eucalyptus tindaliae and/or E. racemosa subsp. OPTIMAL FIRE SEASON: Late summer to winter.
racemosa open-forest with Corymbia intermedia, E. INTENSITY: Low to moderate. INTERVAL: 7-25
Endangered siderophloia +/- E. resinifera, E. pilularis, E. years. STRATEGY: Aim for a burn mosaic of 40-
microcorys, Angophora leiocarpa. Melaleuca 60% over the burn area. A diversity of season
quinquenervia is often a prominent feature of lower and fire intensity is important, as well as spot
slopes. Minor patches (<1ha) dominated by ignition in cooler or moister periods to
Corymbia citriodora can sometimes occur. Occurs on encourage mosaics. Late summer burns assist
complex of remnant Tertiary surfaces +/- Cainozoic with maintaining control of fire intensity.
and Mesozoic sediments. (BVG1M: 9g) ISSUES: Avoid repeated low intensity fires. Fires
that are too frequent will eliminate obligate
Vegetation Hazard Class (VHC) 9.1 24.2t/ha Total seeding species. Fire frequency should be such
Available Fuel Load (State Default Value) as to allow trees to reach maturity and produce
viable seed.
Table 2. Regional Ecosystems Descriptions and Fire Guidelines
The retained areas of forest vegetation are unlikely to be provided with managed fire, along with the
temporary hazard reduction benefits this brings.
Planning is not based on any assumptions regarding hazard reduction; and has to be based on fuel levels
reaching a long term maximum stable state, coinciding with ignition under worst case foreseeable fire weather
conditions.
4.1 Fire History and Frequency
This study found several indicators of prior fire, dating back more than 15 years. Recurrence of fire at some
time has to be regarded as likely, potentially coinciding with maximum fuel accumulation and worst case fire
weather conditions.
5.0 Specific risk factors associated with the development proposal
5.1 Nature of activities anticipated on site
Normal residential activities are anticipated to occur on the site, with normal residential land use in the
surrounding area. The latter can include the potential inclination of juveniles and others to make temporary
“camps” in bushland, and others to undertake illegal dumping or torching of vehicles. The number of fire
incidents expected by QFES varies in direct proportion to the numbers of people present. The proposed
development makes no significant difference to the number of people living in the area or potentially exposed
to bushfire effects.
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5.2 Numbers of people likely to be present The proposed development makes no significant difference to the number of people living in the area or potentially exposed to the possibility of unplanned fire, and the design of the development serves to protect life and property, and facilitate access and egress, in so far as is reasonably possible. 6.0 Nature and Severity of Potential Bushfire Attack 6.1 Bushfire season and Fire Weather The “typical fire season” in this area peaks between September and November. The predominant winds in the area are south easterly, however during the fire season, hot gusty westerlies of over 30 kph can be expected, with Relative Humidity falling to 15% and less. Temperatures on these days can climb over 35⁰C , and for two or three days a year, fire weather conditions equivalent to FDI levels of around 50 can be anticipated. (Note that this is in contrast to the value of 40 which Queensland is currently using in the recently revised AS3959 - 2018). Figure 7. State Government revised FDI values to FDI 50 for the area involved. (CSIRO, 2014). 6.2 Anticipated direction of bushfire attack The probability of unplanned “wildfire” attack is currently regarded as possible, or even likely. The potential direction of attack is from the west, aligned with the direction of worst case fire weather for the region. Bushfire attack comes in a number of forms: direct flame, radiant heat, embers, smoke and wind. Research shows that over 80% of houses lost to bushfire in Australia can be attributed to ember attack, within 100m of bushland. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 13
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Figure 8. Main Bushfire Attack mechanisms (Image courtesy of Ramsay & Rudolf, 2003) 6.3 Anticipated severity of bushfire attack Values for vegetation type, fuel load and slope are carried forward to Table 2, to predict the key fire parameters for the potential worst case fire scenario. Fire Scenario – Forest West Fire Scenario – Forest West Method 2 AS3959-2018 Method 1 AS3959 – 2018 FDI 50 FDI 40 Forest @ 21/24.2t/ha. Forest Ave Slope under vegetation 0⁰ Flat Ave Slope under vegetation 0⁰ Flat Fire Intensity (Byram, 1959) 15 689kW/m (“MEDIUM”) Rate of Spread (Noble et al, 1980) 1.26kph Flame Height (modified Mc Arthur V equation, NSW RFS 2001) 11.08m Flame Width 100m Elevation of Receiver 2.4m BAL FZ within <10m of intact unmanaged vegetation BAL FZ within <10m of intact unmanaged vegetation BAL 40 from 10 - <13m BAL 40 from 10 - <13m BAL 29 from 13 - <19m BAL 29 from 13 - <20m BAL 19 from 19 - <27m BAL 19 from 20 - <28m BAL 12.5 from 27 – 100m BAL 12.5 from 28 – 100m Table 2. Calculated values for potential bushfire characteristics, and methods used. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 14
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The radiant heat flux values for Methods 1 and 2 are compared as Bushfire Attack Levels (BALs) in Table 2 and Figure 9. The predicted fireline intensity for the adjacent forest assessed is in the “Medium” range, as indicated in State and Coluncil hazard mapping (Figure 4). Figure 9. Radiant Heat Flux Predicted by Methods 1 and 2. Application of Method 2 under AS3959-2018 demonstrates similar setbacks to be required as Method 1. A minimum setback of 13m will be provided to the closest wall, supporting column or post of any future dwelling. Within this space, Class 10a structures may be built, however if they are within 6m of the dwelling their construction shall be in accordance with AS3959-2018, Table 2 and Figure 9 above. The significance of the radiant heat flux levels discussed is shown below in Table 3. Table 3. Significance of various RHF levels (Source: NSW RFS, 2006) Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 15
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7.0 Bushfire Protection Measures in Combination Figure 10. Bushfire Planning Measures in Combination (Source: NSW RFS, 2006) Figure 10, taken from Planning for Bushfire Protection (NSW Rural Fire Service, 2006) illustrates that there are other factors and measures which need to be integrated to mutually support one another to provide protection against bushfire. Simply removing the hazard (bushland) is one possible way of removing risk to life and property, but this approach is not desirable. The safety of life and property can be achieved whilst retaining the natural amenity and value of bushland areas, provided these integrated bushfire protection measures are applied. 7.1 Building Construction and Design A minimum setback of 13m will be provided to the closest wall, supporting column or post of any future dwelling. This will be achieved by inclusion of a dwelling envelope identified in the plan of subdivision. Within the 13m (minimum) setback, Class 10a structures may be built, however if they are within 6m of the dwelling their construction shall be in accordance with AS3959-2018, Table 2 and Figure 9 above. 7.2 Asset Protection Zones and Landscaping Asset protection zones are the most strategically valuable defence against radiant heat and flame, and to a lesser extent embers. The landscaping plan shall maintain an “Inner Protection Area” (IPA) for the entire unbuilt portion of the two new lots. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 16
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• Plants retained in or introduced into the IPA should be selected based on low combustibility, by virtue
of high moisture content, low volatile oil content, high leaf mineral levels, large fleshy leaves, absence
of shedding bark.
• Plant arrangement is just as important as low combustibility. Plants should be placed so as to minimize
either vertical or horizontal connectedness of plant material. Appendix 1 provides examples of less
hazardous native plant species.
• Combustible vegetation shall not be allowed to come into contact with combustible parts of buildings.
• Trees should not be allowed to directly overhang roof lines.
• Regular yard maintenance should be undertaken to remove available fine fuels and debris, particularly
throughout the fire season.
An Outer Protection Area involves removal of the understorey so as to deprive an advancing fire front of its
fuel continuity, and thereby collapsing the fire front. In this case the APZ for both lots will be in the form of IPA.
Figure 11. Components of an Asset Protection Zone (APZ)
7.3 Access and Egress Management
The site is within approximately 2.5km by road of the nearest Queensland Fire and Emergency Services
(Tewantin Fire Station).
Two access/egress options are available via Butler Street, as a relatively safe route.
Any responding fire appliances are likely to position themselves in Butler Street, oir in the adjacent sports
complex to the north.
7.4 Water Supplies and Utilities
Water supply for the development will be connected to Council mains reticulated supply, with hydrants
installed in accordance with AS2419.1-2005 and with volumes and pressure under the control of Council water
utilities provider. A review of Unitywater’s Mapping confirms a hydrant is available on the water main directly
across the road, ensuring house servicing length and pressure is adequate to service the proposed subdivision
development.
Electricity supply to the site will be supplied underground.
Any reticulated or bottled gas shall be installed and maintained in accordance with AS1596 – 2002. Metal
piping is to be used. Any fixed LPG tanks shall be kept clear of flammable materials, and located on the non
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hazard side of the building. Any gas cylinders which need to be kept close to a building shall have release valves directed away from the building. Polymer sheathed flexible gas supply lines to gas meters adjacent to buildings are not to be used. 7.5 Fire Fighting and Emergency Management Arrangements The development is serviced by the existing road and new driveway for Emergency Services use. The maintenance of a mown or slashed grass surface throughout the IPA and most of the OPA provides safe defendable space around key assets in the unlikely event of bush fire. Obstructions to access to the rear of buildings should be avoided. Residents and site operators shall be made aware of the existence of this Plan, and their need to comply with the relevant provisions, in particular building construction, APZ maintenance, optimizing access around buildings and emergency response preparations. Residents shall decide on their Stay and Defend / or Go Early strategy before each fire season so as to ensure this decision is not made too late, when smoke and emergency vehicles prevent an orderly evacuation. Staying to defend or shelter is a viable and preferable option for the proposed development if the site is threatened by smoke attack or worse. Appendix 2 provides guidance for Residents’ Emergency Management Planning in relation to bushfire. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 18
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8.0 Assessment of proposal against the Noosa Plan (2020) Part
8.2.3.
Performance Outcomes Acceptable Outcomes
8.1(PO1)
Development maintains the safety AO1.1 is applied to the extent that the proposed development
of people and property from the does not significantly increase the number of people living in a
adverse impacts of bushfire. bushfire hazard area.
AO1.2 is applied to the extent that a minimum setback has been
established for any future dwelling, and the mitigation measures
outlined in this BMP are applied, such that bushfire risk is reduced
to an acceptable level.
8.2 (PO2)
Bushfire mitigation measures do not Bushfire mitigation measures do not adversely impact on:
adversely impact on: (a) Biodiversity values, connectivity and ecosystem
(a) Biodiversity values, functioning; and
connectivity and ecosystem (b) The long term physical integrity of waterways, wetland
functioning; and and areas of native vegetation.
(b) The long term physical
integrity of waterways,
wetland and areas of native
vegetation.
8.3 (PO3)
Development provides an adequate AO3.1 is applied in that premises are connected to the reticulated
water supply for fire fighting water supply.
purposes which is reliable, safely
located and freely accessible.
8.4 (PO4)
Essential community infrastructure The proposed development does not involve essential community
is acle to function effectively during infrastructure.
and immediately after bushfire
events.
8.5 (PO5)
Public safety and the environment Hazardous materials are not manufactured or stored in bulk on
are not adversely affected by the the site.
detrimental impacts of bushfire on
hazardous materials manufactured
or stored in bulk.
8.6 (PO6)
Roads provide for easy and safe The existing roadways and new driveway provide options for
evacuation of residents of premises access and egress in a safe direction.
and access by emergency services.
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8.7 (PO7)
Lot design and building siting AO7 is applied to the extent that:
minimises bushfire risk to people (a) A dwelling envelope will be identified on the plan of
and property. subdivision;
(b) Avoiding long access driveways;
(c) Achieving setbacks from hazardous vegetation which does
not exceed BAL 29 under AS3959-2018;
(d) With and dwelling located furthest from the hazard
interface and elements least susceptible to fire are
located closest to the hazard.
8.8 (PO8)
Firebreaks and fire access tracks No firebreaks or fire access tracks are proposed, and
provide : AO8.3 is applied in that bushfire management measures are
(a) Adequate access for fire carried out on the subject property and not on any adjoining
fighting and other property.
emergency vehicles; and
(b) Adequate access for the
evacuation of residents and
emergency personnel in an
emergency situation.
9.0 Assessment of proposal against State Planning Policy 2019
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State Planning Policy – Natural hazards, risk and resilience (SPP, December 2013, latest version December 2019) replaces
State Planning Policy 1/03 Mitigating the Adverse Impacts of Flood, Bushfire and Landslide. The SPP Guideline – Natural
hazards, risk and resilience provides a methodology for determining Bushfire Hazard based on Potential Fireline Intensity.
The methodology and hazard mapping has been included in Section 6 of this Plan in establishing the adjacent area to the
west as a bushfire prone area.
The SPP Guideline contains assessment benchmarks to ensure that State interests are appropriately considered in relation
to natural hazards, including bushfire hazard areas. These provisions serve as general guidelines to either avoid or
otherwise adequately mitigate bushfire risk. Specific guidelines for bushfire hazard overlay codes are yet to be provided by
State Government, and this detail is addressed by this Plan in terms of meeting the current requirements of Local
Government in Section 8 above.
Interim Development Assessment Solutions Provided
Benchmarks
(3) Development avoids natural hazard areas or This Plan establishes the nature and potential severity of the adjacent
where it is not possible to avoid the natural hazard and provides a combination of bushfire protection measures to
hazard area, development mitigates the mitigate risk including construction, asset protection zones, access, water
supplies and emergency management arrangements.
risks to people and property to an
acceptable or tolerable level, and
(4) Development supports, and does not unduly The combined effect of the bushfire protection measures specified by this
burden, disaster management response or Plan serves to reduce risk to an acceptable level and ensure resilience and
recovery capacity and capabilities, and preparedness for unplanned fire so that the response or recovery capacity
and capability of emergency services is not unduly burdened or impeded.
This Plan serves to protect life and property from bushfire without
depending on emergency services for protection.
(5) Development directly, indirectly and The development does not increase the nature of the existing hazard, and
cumulatively avoids an increase in the site layout and landscaping on the site is designed to moderate the
severity of the natural hazard and the exposure of buildings. The potential for damage to other properties is not
increased as a consequence of the proposed development.
potential for damage on the site or to other
properties, and
(6) Risks to public safety and the environment Hazardous materials are not stored in quantities or locations on the site
from the location of hazardous materials which would pose a risk to the public or the environment.
and the release of these materials is
avoided, and
(7) The natural processes and the protective The development maintains the natural processes and protective function of
function of landforms and the vegetation vegetation that previously existed for the site.
that can mitigate risks associated with the
natural hazard are maintained or enhanced.
10.0 Recommendations
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1. That any new dwelling on the westernmost new lot will be constructed to a minimum of BAL 29
(Sections 3 and 7) under AS3959-2018, on unshielded (north, west and south) faces. The shielded
(eastern) face of the dwelling may be constructed to one BAL level lower (ie BAL 19).
A dwelling envelope shall be identified on the plan of subdivision, no closer than 13m from the western
bounadry of the westernmost lot.
All other residential buildings shall require construction to a minimum of BAL 12.5 under AS3959-2009.
Any Class 10a structure built within 6m of dwellings on either lot shall also be constructed in
accordance with this Standard.
Builders should warrant that they have a copy of this Standard, and that it shall be used consistently
throughout the design and construction of dwellings and other structures located within 6m of them.
2. The Asset Protection Zones described in Section 7.2 of this report shall be constructed and maintained
in perpetuity, separating buildings from retained vegetation on the site and adjacent Lots.
3. Reticulated water supplies shall be fully installed in accordance with AS2419.1-2005 and Council water
utilities provider with sufficient flow and pressure characteristics for fire fighting purposes at all times
(minimum 10litres a second at 200kPa).
4. New lot buyers shall be made aware of the existence of this Plan and their responsibilities outlined
within it, in particular construction, asset protection zone and emergency management.
11.0 Summary
The area of “hazard” faced by the proposed development is significant, and the likelihood of wildfire at some
time should be regarded as likely. This Plan determines the potential nature and severity of worst case bushfire
attack, and develops protective measures to reduce risk to acceptable levels, demonstrating compliance with
legislative requirements of State and Local Government, and the BCA.
Along with adequate water supply and emergency management arrangements, compliant construction under
AS3959-2018 and APZs to reduce the exposure of life and property to bushfire, these combined measures
assist prepare residents for the possibility of fire in the area.
12.0 References
ABCB (2016), Building Code of Australia, Australian Building Codes Board, Canberra.
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Building Regulation (2006), Queensland Government, Queensland. Environmental Protection Act (1994), Queensland Government, Queensland. Hines, F., Tolhurst, K.G., & Wilson, A.A.G., (2010) Overall Fuel Hazard Assessment - Research Report No. 82 4th Edition, DSE Victoria. Queensland Government Department of Local Government and Planning (May 2003), State Planning Policy 01/03, Queensland. Queensland Government Department of Local Government and Planning (December 2013), Single State Planning Policy , Queensland. Leonard, J., Newnham, G., Opie, K., and Blanchi, R. (2014), A new methodology for State-wide mapping of bushfire prone areas in Queensland, CSIRO, Australia. Noosa Shire Council (2020), Noosa Plan, NSC, Queensland. NSW Rural Fire Service (2006), Planning for Bushfire Protection, NSW. Ramsay, C. and Rudolph, L. (2003), Landscape and Building Design for Bushfire Areas, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria. Standards Australia (2005), AS 2419.1– 2005, Fire hydrant installations – System design, installation and commissioning, Sydney, NSW. Standards Australia (2002), AS 1596 The storage and handling of LP Gas, Sydney, NSW. Standards Australia (2018), AS 3959 – 2018, Construction of buildings in bushfire-prone areas, Sydney, NSW. Sustainable Planning Act (2009), Queensland Government, Queensland. Vegetation Management Act (1999), Queensland Government, Queensland. Webster, J. (2000), The Complete Bushfire Safety Book, Random House Australia, NSW. Work Health and Safety Act (2011), Queensland Government, Queensland. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 23
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Appendix 1 Less combustible native plants list Source: Bowden, J (1999) Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr K. Courtney, January 2021 Page 24
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Scientific Name Common Name
~10
Form Fire Retardance Comments
Commelinaceae
Aneilema acuminatum
Aneilema biflorum (-)
Aneilema HGc un Us Sa
Aneilema HGc l..Jn
Us Sa
Commelina cyanea Scurvy Plant HGc 1m Us Op
Pollia crispata Snake Weed HGc 1m Us Sa
Pollia macrophylla Large Snake Weed HGc un Us Sa
Dioscoraceae
Form: S = Shrub; T = Tree; V = Vine; H = Herb; Gc = Ground cover; eO = epyphytic Orchid;
Dioscorea transversa Native Yam V l..Jn
eF = epyphytic Fern; tF = terrestrial Fern. Us Sa
Lillaceae
Bulbine bulbosa (-) BulbineLily H LmSI Oa
Dianella brevipedunculata Blue Flax Lily H l..Jn
Comments: Wb = suitable for windbreak/fire barrier; Ad = suitable as addition to windbreak/fire barrier 11II11I111 UsOaSa
Dianella caerulea Blue Flax Lily H l..Jn
as main species; Us = suitable for understory of windbreak/fire barrier; Oa = suitable for open areas near 111111
I Us OaSa
Dianella revoluta Flax Lily l..Jn
Sa = suitable for sheltered areas near house; Pf = suitable if protected from direct flames; De = DecidlllllHI III H Us Oa Sa
Drymophila moorei (-) Orange Berry H l..Jn
winter, in flower or in dry periods Us Sa
Tripladenia cunninghamii Bush Lily H 1m Us Sa
Orchidaceae
Dendrobium gracilicau.le Spotted Orchid eO 1m Sa
Fire-Retardant Plants for Small Gardens Dendrobium X gracillimum Natural Hybrid eO 1m Sa
Dendrobium monophyllum Lily of the Valley
Orchid eO 1m Sa
Dendrobium schoeninim
(D. beckleri) Pencil Orchid eO .l..Jn
Sa
Dendrobium speciosum King Orchid eO 1m Sa
Dendrobium teret~folium Bridal Veil Orchid eO l..Jn
Zamaceae Sa
Dendrobium tetragonum
Lepidozamia peroffskyana Shining Burrawang l..Jn Us Sa
Spider Orchid eO un Sa
Macrozamia lucida Pineapple Zamia 1m Us Sa Philesiaceae
Macrozamia miquelii Wild Pineapple l..Jn Us Oa Sa Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry V 1m Us Oa Sa
Geitonoplesium cymosum Scrambling Lily V 1m Us Sa
Agavaceae
Cordy/ine petiolaris Broad-leaf Palm Lily 1m Us Sa Philydraceae
Cordyline rubra Red-fruit Palm Lily 1m Us Sa Philydrum lanuginosum Frogsmouth aH LmSI Oa Wet arcas
Cordy/ine strica Slender Palm Lily lm Us Sa
Smilacaceae
Smilax glycophy//a Sweet Sarsparilla V Ul1 Us Sa
Amaryllidaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae
Crinum pedu.ncu.latum River Lily I-I LmSI Us Oa Sa Lomandra confertifolia Mat Rush H 1m Oa
Lomandra hystrix
Doryalllhes palmeri (-) Spear Lily H un Sl Us Oa Sa
Lomandra longifolia
Creek Mat Rush H 1m Us Sa
Proiphys cunninghamii Brisbane Lily H LmSI Us Sa Long-leaf Mat Rush H 1m Us Oa Sa
Lomandra flliformis Fine-leaf Mat Rush H 1m Oa
Lomandra multiflora Many-flower Mat
Araceae
Rush H l..Jn
Alocasia brisbanensis Cunjevoi H 1m Us Sa Oa
Lomandra spicata l..Jn
Gymnostachys anceps Settlers Flax H un Us Sa Mountain Mat Rush H Us Oa Sa
Pothos longipes Pothos V 1m Us Sa
Zingiberaceae
Typhoniwn brownii Stinking Lily H 1m Us Sa Alpinia arundeliana
Alpinia coerulea
Wild Ginger H un Us Sa
Arecaceae
Native Ginger H un Us Sa
Linospadix monostachya Walking Stick Palm P lm Us Sa
Page 27
APPENDICES 254 Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance = Comments DICOTYLEDONS Aizoaceae Carpobrotus glaucescens Pig Face HGe Lm SI Oa Acanthaceae Graptophyllum excelsum (-) Scarlet Fuchsia Ss In Us Sa Graptophyllum spinigerum Samford Holly Ss Im Us Sa Pseuderanthemum tenellum Pseuderanthemum H Im Us Sa Pseuderanthemum variabile Love Flower H Im Us Sa Apiaceae Centella australis Pennywort H Ge Im Oa Hydrocotyle acutiloba Pennywort HGe Im Us Sa Hydrocotyle pedicellosa Pennywort H Ge Im Us Sa Apocynaceae Alyxia_ruscifolia Chain fruit Ss Im Us Sa Carissa ovata Current Bush S In Us Oa Sa Neisosperma poweri (-) Milkbush Ss In Us Sa Ochrosia moorei (-) Southern Ochrosia S Im Us Sa Parsonsia lenticellata Narrow-leaf Silkpod V. Im Us Sa Parsonsia lilacina Delicate Silkpod Vv Im Us Sa Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Banana Bush Ss in Us Sa Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia sp. aff. pubera Pipe Vine Vv Im Us Sa Aristolochia praevenosa Richmond Birdwing Vine Vv In Us Sa Asclepiadaceae Hoya australis ‘Wax Flower Vv In Us Sa Marsdenia longiloba Slender Milk Vine Vv In Us Sa Secamone elliptica Corky Milk Vine v Im Us Sa Tylophora paniculata Thin-leaf Tylophora V Im Us Sa Bignoniaceae Pandorea_ floribunda New sp. PineR Vv In Us Oa Sa Pandorea jasminoides Bower of Beauty V) Im Us Oa Sa Caesalpineaceae Cassia artemisioides (-) Silver Cassia Ss Oa Campanulaceae Lobelia trigonocaulis Forest Lobelia H Ge im Us Oa Wahlenbergia gracilis Bluebells H Oa Capparaceae Capparus arborea Native Caper s/T Im Us Sa Scrambling Caper = V Im Us Sa Capparis sarmentosa LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Celastraceae Cassine australis Red Olive Berry S/T Im Us Sa Denhamia celastroides Orange Boxwood S/T Im Us Denhamia_pittosporoides Orange Boxwood S/T Im Us Sa Maytenus bilocularis Orangebark S/T in Us Sa Chenopodiaceae Einadia hastata Berry Salt Bush SGe St Oa Enchylaena_ tomentosa Ruby Salt Bush SGe StS Oa Halosarcia_ indica Samphire SGe St Sl Oa Salty soil Sarcocornia quinqueflora — Samphire $Ge St Sl Oa Salty soil Suaeda australis Seablite SGce StS Oa Salty soil Suaeda arbusculoides Jellybean Plant SGe StS Oa Salty soil Convolulaceae Convolulus erubescens Australian Bindweed Vv Im Oa Dichondra repens Kidney Weed HGce Im Us Sa Polymeria_ calycina Swamp Bindweed Vv Im Oa Cunoniaceae Aphanopetalum resinosum Gum Vine VGc Im Us Sa Vesselowskya rubifolia (-) Southern Marara S/T Im Us Sa Davidsoniaceae Davidsonia pruriens (-) Davidson’s Plum T Im Us Sa Dilleniaceae Hibbertia aspera Rough Guinea Flower Ss Im Oa Hibbertia dentata Toothed Guinea Flower V Im Us Oa Sa Hibbertia linearis Showy Guinea Flower Ss Im Oa Hibbertia obtusifolia Hoary Guinea Flower Ss Im Oa Hibertia stricta Erect Guinea Flower s Im Oa Hibbertia scandens Twining Guinea Flower V Im Us Oa Sa Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus reticulatus Blueberry Ash S/T Im Us Oa Sa Epacridaceae Trochocarpa_ laurina Tree Heath s/t Im Us Sa Escalloniaceae Abrophyllum ornans Native Hydrangea s Im Us Sa Polyosma_cunninghamii Featherwood s/r Im Us Sa Euphorbiaceae Acalypha capillipes Small-leaf Acalypha Ss Im Us Sa Acalypha eremorum Native Acalypha s Lm Us Acalypha nemorum Southern Acalypha * Ss Lm Us Sa Actephila lindleyi Actephila S/T Im Us Sa Alchornea_ilicifolia Native Holly Ss Lm Us Sa Breynia oblongifolia Native Coffee Bush Ss Im Us Ou Su Cleistanthes cunninghamii Cleistanthes sv Im Us Sa FIRE RETARDANT NATIVE PLANTS 255
Page 28
APPENDICES
- --
Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
~
Croton ph/eba/iodes Narrow-leaf Croton S 1m Us SII Lythraceae
Croton verreauxii Native Cascarilla SIT 1m Us SII Lagerstroemia archeriana (-) Native Crepe Myrtle SIT Lm Us Oa Sa Dc
Macaranga tanarius Macaranga SIT 1m Us
Mallotus c/aoxyloides Scrub Odour Bush SIT 1m Us $11 Malvaceae
Omalanthus nutans Pavonia hastata(-) Pavonia S 1m Oa S"
(0. populifolius) Qld Bleeding Heart SIT 1m Us Sa Hibiscus heterophyllus Native Rosella SIT 1m Us Sa
Hibiscus geranioides (-) S Lm Oa
Eupomatiaceae
Eupomatia bennettii Small Bolwarra S 1m Us Sa
Eupomatia laurina Bolwal1ll S 1m Us Sa Melastomaceae
Me/astoma affine Pink Lasiandra S un Us Sa 0"
Escaloneaceae
Cuttsia viburnea (-) Native Elderberry T 1m Us S:I Meliaceae
Turraea pubescens (brownii)Native Witch-Hazel SIT 1m Us Sa
Fabaceae'
Abrus precatorius Crabs Eye Vine V 1m Us Oa SII Menispermaceae
Aotus lanigera Pointed Aotis S 1m Oa Sa Pleogyne australis Pleogyne V un Us Sa
Glycine e!andestina Twining Glycine V 1m Oa
Glycine tomentella Wooly Glycine V 1m Oa Mimosaceae
Hardenbergia violacea False Sarsparilla V 1m Oa Acacia complanata Flat-stem Wattle S Oa Pf
H ovea linearis Common Hovea S 1m Oa Acacia hubbardiana Yellow Prickly Moses S Oa Pf
Hovea longipes (-) Brush Hovea S 1m Sa Acacia inorata BlueSkin S Oa Pf
fndigophora australis Australian Indigo S 1m Oa Acacia myrtifolia Myrtle Wattle S Oa Pf
Kennedia rubicunda Dusky Coral Pea V 1m Oa Acacia suaveolens Sweet Wattle S Oa Pf
Oxylobium ilicifolium (-) Holly Pea S 1m Oa Acacia ulicifolia Prickly Moses S Oa Pf
Oxylobium scandens (-) Netted Shaggy Pea S 1m Oa Archidendron lovelliae (-) Baconwood SIT 1m Us Sa
Pultenaea retusa Blunt-leaf Bush Pea S 1m Oa
Pultenaea spinulosa (-) Prickly Pea S 1m Oa Monimiaceae
Pultenaea villosa (-) Hairy Bush Pea S 1m Oa Wilkiea huegeliana Tetra Beech SIT 1m Us Sa
Swainsona galegifolia Darling Pea S 1m Oa Wilkiea macrophylla Large-leafWilkiea SIT Ull Us Sa
Goodeniaceae Myoporaceae
Goodenia rotundifolia Star Goodenia HGc 1m Oa Eremophila debi/is Winter Apple S Gc un as
Scaevo/a aemula (-) Fairy Fan Flower HGc 1m Oa Myoporwn boninense
Scaevo/a albida (-) Fan Flower H 1m Oa (M. elliplicum) Boobialla S Gc un Os
Scaevola calendu/acea (-) Scented Fan Flower HGc 1m Oa Myoporum monlanum Mountain Boobialla S un Os
Scaevola ramosissima (-) A Fan Flower HGc 1m Oa
Myrsinaceae
Lamiaceae Aegiceras corniculalum Milky Mangrove SIT Lm St Oa Coastal
Ajuga australis Southern Bugle H 1m Oa Rapanea howittiana Scrub Muttonwood SIT 1m Us S"
Plectranthus argentatus (-) Silver Native Coleus H 1m Us Sa Rapanea subsessilis Red Muttonwood SIT Ull Us S:I
Plectranthus graveolens Native Coleus H 1m Us Sa
Plectranthus parvi/iorus Cocks pur Flower H 1m Us Sa Myrtaceae
Prostanthera ovali/olia Oval-leaf Mint Bush S 1m Os Sa I Archirhodomyrlus beckleri (-) Rose Myrtle S 1m Us $:1
Austromyrtusfi"agrantissima (-)Sweet Myrtle T un Us Sa
Lauraceae Austromyrlus hi/Iii Scaly Myrtle SIT un lis S"
CryptocQlya /aevigata Glossy Laurel SIT 1m Us Sa I Austromyrtus inophloia Thread-bark Myrtle SIT Ull lis Sa
Cryptocarya meisneriana Thick -leaf Laurel SIT 1m Us Sa Austromyrtus ajf. lasioc/ada (-)Velvet Myrtle T un Us S"
Austromyrtus metrosideros (-) S un lis S:I
Pilidiosligma glabrum (-) Plum Myrtle S Ull IJs $:1
Leeaceae Pilidiostigma rhytisperma Small-leafPlul11 Myrtle S IJ11 Us Sa
Leea indica (-) Bandicoot Berry S 1m Us Sa Rhodamnia acuminala (-) Cooloola Ironwood S un Us Sa
256 LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE FIRr RI TARDANT NATIVE PLANTS 257
Page 29
APPENDICES
= ---
Scientific Name
Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
Rhodamnia dumicola Rib-fruit Malletwood srr 1m Us Sa Canthium microphyllum Small-leafCantlUum S 1m Us Sa
Rhodamnia maidenii (-) Smooth Scrub Turpentine S 1m Us Sa Jxora bleckleri Brown Coffee wood srr 1m Us Sa
Rhodomyrtus psidioides Native Guava S 1m Us Sa Morinda acutifolia Veiny Morinda V 1m Us Sa
Syzygium wilsoni (-) Powder-puff Lilly Pilly S 1m Us Sa Morinda jasminoides Sweet Morinda V 1m Us Sa
Pavetla australiensis Pavetta S 1m Us Sa
Nyctaginaceae Psychotria daphnoides Smooth Psychotria S 1m Us Sa
Pisonia aculeata Native Bougainvillia V 1m Us Sa Psychotria loniceraides Hairy Psychotria S 1m Us Sa
P:;ychotria simmondsiana Small Psychotria S l.m Us Sa
Oleaceae Randia benthamiana Native Gardenia S l.m Us Sa
Jasminum simplicifolium Stender Jasmine V 1m Us Sa Randia chartacea Narrow-leaf Gardenia S l.m Us Sa
Notelaea ovata Netted Mock Olive S 1m Us Sa
Notelaea venosa Veined Mock Olive S 1m Us Sa Rutaceae
Clausena brevistyla (- ) Clausena S 1m Us Sa
Passifloraceae Microcitrus australasica (-) FingerLime S 1m Us Sa
Passiflora aurantia Red Passion Flower V 1m Us Oa Sli Murraya ovatifoliolata (-) Native Murraya srr 1m Us Sa
Passiflora herbertiana Yellow Passion Flower V 1m Us Oa Sli Phebalium woombye (-) Phebalium S 1m Oa
Peperomiaceae Sambucaceae
Peperomia blanda Sambucus australasica Yellow Elderben'y S 1m Us Sa
(leptostachya) Native Peperomia H 1m Us Sa
Peperomia tetraphylla Native Peperomia H 1m Us Sa Sapindaceae
Alectryon coriaceus (-) Beach Bird 's Eye srr 1m Wb Oa
Pittosporaceae Alytera micraphylla (-) Dwarf Coogara S 1m Us Sa
Citriobatus linearis Black-fruit Thombush S 1m Us Sa Cupaniopsis newmanii (-) Long-leafTuckeroo T 1m Us Sa Oa
Citriobatus paucifloris Orange Thornbush S 1m Us Sa Cupaniopsis serrata Rusty Tuckeroo srr 1m Us Sa Oa
Pitlosporum revolutum Brisbane Laurel S 1m Us/Wb Sa/Oil Cupaniopsis wadsworthii (-) DwarfTuckeroo S 1m Us Sa
Harpullia alata (-) Wing-leaf Tulip S 1m Us Sa
Proteaceae Mischocarpus sundaicus Red Pear-fruit T 1m Us Sa
Banksia oblongifolia DwarfBanksia S Oa Pf
Banksia robur Swamp Banksia S Oa Pf Sapotaceae
Grevillea leiophylla Wallum GreviHea S Oa Pf Planchonella myrsinoides Yellow Plum wood srr 1m Us Sa
Grevillea 'Robyn Gordon' G. 'Robyn Gordon' S Oa Pf
Grevillea sericea Pink Spider Flower S Oa Pf Scrophulariaceae
Grevillea 'Shirley Howie' G. 'Shirley Howie' S Oa Pf Artenema fimbriatum Koala bells H 1m Oa
Grevillea 'Superb' G. 'Superb' S Oa Pf
Hakea florulenta Hakea S Oa Pf Tetragoniaceae
Hakea purpurea Purple Hakea S Oa Pf Tetragonia tetragonioides Native Spinach HGc St Sc Oa
Lambertia formosa (-) Mountain Devil S Oa Pf
Lomatia siiaifolia Crinkle Bush S Oa Pf Solanaceae
Stenocarpus angusifolia (-) S Oa Pi Duboisia myoporoides Corkwood srr 1m Us Sa
Solanum aviculare Kangaroo Apple S 1m Us Sa Oa
Rhizophoraceae Solanum densevestitum (-) Furry Nightshade S 1m Us Sa
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Orange Mangrove srr Lm St Oa Coastal Solanum stelligerum (-) Star Nightshade S 1m Us Sa
Ceriops tagal Yellow Mangrove srr Lm St Oa Coastal I
Rhizophora stylosa Stilted Mangrove srr Lm St Oa Coastal I Sterculiaceae
Brachychiton bidwillii Little Kurrajong S 1m Us S" 011
Rosaceae Commersonia fraserii Scrub Kurrajong S 1m Us Sa 011
Rubus parvifolia Pink Raspberry S 1m Oa
Rubus rosifolius Native Raspberry S 1m Us Sa Symplocaceae
Rubiaceae Symplocus baeuerlenii (-) Shrubby Hazelwood S un Us Sa
Canthium coprosmoides Coast Canthium srr 1m Us OaSa
Canthium lamproph yllum Large-leaf Canthium srr 1m Us Sa
258 LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE FIRE RETARDANT NATIVE PLANTS 259
Page 30
APPENDICES Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments ‘Thymeliaceae Phaleria_ clerodendron (-) Ss Im Us Sa Phaleria chermsideana Scrub Daphne S/T Im Us Sa Pimelea_linifolia Slender Rice Flower Ss Oa Wikstroemia indica Tie Bush s Im Us Oa Sa Tiliaceae Corchorus cunninghamii Corchorus s Im Us Sa Urticaceae Elatostema_ reticulatum Rainforest Spinach H im Us Sa Elatostema_stipitatum (-) Small Soft Nettle H Im Us Sa Pipturus argenteus Native Mulberry s/T Im Us Sa Verbenaceae Callicarpa pedunculata Velvet-leaf Ss Im Us Sa Clerodendrum floribundum Lolly Bush S/T ln Us Oa Sa Clerodendrum tomentosum Hairy Lolly Bush S/T Lm Us Oa Sa Phyla nodiflora (-) Condamine Couch HGc Im Oa Vitex ovata (-) Vitex SGc Im Oa Violaceae Viola betonicifolia Purple Violet H In Us Sa Viola hederacea Native Violet H Im Us Sa Vitaceae Cayratia acris Hairy Water Vine Vv im Us Sa Cayratia clematidea Slender Grape Vv in Us Oa Sa Cayratia eurynema Soft Water Vine v In Us Sa Cissus opaca Small-leaf Water Vine Vv Im Us Oa Sa Winteraceae Tasmannia insipida Pepper Bush Ss Im Us Sa PTERIDOPHYTES Aspleniaceae Asplenium attenuatum A Spleenwort F Im Sa Asplenium australasicum Crow’s Nest Fern eF Im Sa Osmondaceae Todea barbara King Fern tF Im Us Sa Polypodiaceae Drynaria_ rigidula Basket Fern eF Im Sa Phymatodes scandens Scented Climbing Fern tF Im Sa Platycerium bifurcatum Elkhorn eF Im Sa Platycerium superbum Staghorn F im Sa Pyrrosia confluens Felt Fern oF Im Sa Pyrrosia_ rupestris Rock Felt Fern eF Im Sa 260 LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE — Fire-Retardant Plants for Medium Gardens "he following plants can be used in addition to the list of plants for small gardens. Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments MONOCOTYLEDONS Arecaceae Archontophoenix cunninghamii Picabeen Palm P Im Ad Calamus muelleri Lawyer Cane Vine P Im Ad Livistona australis Cabbage Palm P Im Ad Smilacaceae Ripogonum fawcettianum Small Supplejack Vv Im Sa Smilax australis Barb-wire Vine Vv Im Sa Oa DICOTYLEDONS Akaniaceae Akania lucens Turnipwood T im Us Alangiaceae Alangium villosum polyosmoides Muskwood Y Im Us Alangium villosum tomentosum Muskwood il Im Us Annonaceae Polyalthia nitidissima Canary Beech T Im Us Apocynaceae Alstonia constricta Quinine Tree T In Us Melodinus acutiflorus Merangarra Vv Im Sa Melodinus australis Southern Melodinus Vv Im Sa Araliaceae Cephalaralia cephalobotrys Climbing Panax Vv im Sa Bignoniaceae Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine Vv Ln Oa Sa Barklya syringifolia Crown of Gold Tree T Ln Us Sa Ou Cassia tomentella (-) Velvet Bean s/T Lm Us Oa Cunoniaceae Callicoma serratifolia (-) White Alder S/T Ln Us Dilleniaceae Tecomanthe hillii (-) Fraser Island Climber Vv Im Sa — - — FIRE RETARDANT NATIVE PLANT 261
Page 31
APPENDICES
Scientific Name Common Name Form FireRetardance Comments Scientific Name CommonName Form FireRetardance Comments
Ebenaceae Myoporaceae
Diospyl'os australis BlackPlum T 1m Us/Wb Myoporum acuminatum Coast Boobialla SIT 1m Wb Oa
Diospyl'os geminata Scaly Ebony T 1m Us/Wb
Diospyros mabacea (-) Red-fruited Ebony T 1m Us Myrsinaceae
Rapanea val'iabilis Muttonwood T 1m Us
Escalloniaceae
Anoptel'us mac!eayanus (-) Queensland Laurel T 1m Us Myrtaceae
Polyalthia nitidissima Canary Beech T 1m Us Acmena smithii
(small varieties) CreekLiIlyPilly T 1m Us/Wb
Euphorbiaceae Decaspermum humile Silky MYltle 1m
1m
SIT Us
Claoxylon australe Brittlewood SIT Us Metrosideros queenslandica (-)pink Myrtle T 1m
1m Us
Croton achronychioides Thick-leaved Croton SIT Us Rhodamnia rubescens Brown Malletwood T 1m
1m Us/Wb
Croton insularis Queensland Cascarilla SIT Us Syzygium hodgkinsonia (-) Smooth-bark Rose Apple T 1m Us
Croton stigmatosus White Croton T 1m Us
Oleaceae
Fabaceae Notelaea johnsonii 1m
Veinless Mock Olive SIT Us
El'ythl'ina vespertilio Bat's Wing Coral Tree T 1m Ad De Notelaea longifolia Large Mock Olive SIT 1m Us/Wb
Notelaea microcarpa Velvet Mock Olive SIT I.rn Us/Wb
Hernandiaceae
Hernandia bivalvis Cudgerie T 1m Wb Pittosporaceae
Hymenosporum jlavum Native Frangipani T 1m Us Ad
Lauraceae Pittosporum undulatum Mock Orange 1m
T Us/Wb
Cryptocarya bidwilli Yellow Laurel T 1m Wb
Cryptocarya meisneriana Thick -leaf Laurel T 1m Wb Proteaceae
Cryptocarya sclerophylla Boonah Laurel T 1m Wb Buckinghamia celsissima (-) Ivory Curl Flower 1m
T Wb
Cryptocarya triplinervis Brown Laurel T 1m Wb Grevillea helmsiae (-) T 1m Us Pf
Cl'yptocal'ya tl'iplinervis var. Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia (-) Red Boppel Nut I.rn
T Us Ad Pf
pubens Hairy Brown Laurel T 1m Wb Lomatia arborescens (-) Tree Lomatia SIT 1m Us Pf
Macadamia integl'ifolia Queensland Nut T I.rn Wb
Meliaceae Macadamia ternifolia Maroochy Nut T 1m Wb
Owenia venosa Crow's Apple T 1m Us/Wb Macadamia tetraphylla 1m
Rough Shell Bush Nut T Wb
Synoum glandulosum Scentless Rosewood SIT 1m Us Triunia youngiana Spice Bush T 1m Us
Tul'raea pubescens
(T bl'ownii) Native Witch-Hazel T 1m Us Rubiaceae
Coelospermum paniculatum Coelospennum V I.rn Sa
Menispermaceae Hodgkinsonia ovatiflora Golden Ash T [m Us/Wb
Stephania japonica val'.
discolor Tape Vine V 1m Sa Oa Rununculaceae
Clematis glycinoides Headache Vine V I.rn Sa
Mimosaceae
Acacia aulacocarpa Hickory Wattle T 1m Wb/Pf Rutaceae
Acacia implexa Light Wood T 1m Wb/Pf Acl'onychia impelforata Coast Aspen SIT 1m U~/Wb
Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood T I.rn Wb/Pf Acronychia pauciflora Soft Acronychia SIT 1m Us
Acacia cincinnata Wattle SIT 1m Wb/pf Microcitrus australis Round Lime S 1m Us
Paral'chidendron pl'uinosum Snow wood T 1m Us/Wb
Sapindaceae
Moraceae Alectl'yon connatus Alectryon 1m
T WI1 SlllW/l1
Ficus col'onata Creek Sandpaper Fig T 1m Us/Wb
firsl
Ficus ji·asel'i A Sandpaper Fig T 1m Us/Wb Alectryon subcinereus Wild Quince T lm WI)
Ficus opposita A Sandpaper Fig T 1m Us/Wb Alectl'yon subdentalus Holly-leafBird's Eye T 1m WI1
Streblus bl'unonianus Alectryon tomentosus Hairy Bird's Eye T lm Wh
(5. pendulinus) Whalebone Tree T 1m Us/Wb Arytera distylis Twin-leafCoogera T un Wh
262 LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE
FIRE RETAliDANT NA liVE I'LANTS 263
Page 32
A P P END I C E S
Scientitic Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Scienlilic Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
Arytera divaricata Rose Tamarind T 1m Wb Flagellariaceae
Arytera foveolata Pitted Coogera T Lm Wb Flagellaria indica SuppJejack V 1m Sa
Cupaniopsis parvifolia Small-leafTuckeroo T Lm Wb
Cupaniopsis shirleyana (-) Wedge-leaf Tuckeroo T Lm Us/Wb Pandanaceae
Cupaniopsis lomentella (-) Boonab Tuckeroo T Lm Wb Freycinetlia excelsa Climbing Pandanus V 1m a
Elattostachys nervosa Beetroot T un Us/Wb Freycinettia scandens
Elattostachys xylocalpa White Tamarind T Lm Wb
Climbing Pand,llius V un a
Guioa semiglauca Wild Quince T Lm Wb Smilacaceae
Lepiderema pulchella (-) Fine-leafTuckeroo T Lm Wb Ripogonum alhum
Mischocarpus australis Red Pear-fruit T Lm Wb
White Supplejack V un Sa
Ripogonum hrevifolium Supplejack V
Toechima tenax Scrub Teak T U11 Wb U11 Sa
Ripogonum discolor Prickly Supplejack V Un Sa
Ripogonum elseyanum
Sapotaceae
Hairy Supplejack V un Sa
Planchpnella chartacea Thin-leaf Plum SIT Lm Us Sa DICOTYLEDONS
Planchonella cotinifolia Small-leaf Plum SIT Lm Us Sa
Anacardiaceae
Simaroubaceae Euroschinus falcata Ribbonwood T 1m Wb
Guiltoylia monostylis Native Plum T W1 Us Rhodosphaera rhodanthema Deep Yellowwood T W1 Wb
Symplocaceae Annonaceae
Symplocus thwaitesii Buff Hazelwood SIT Un Us Melodorum leichhardtii
(Rauwenhoffia I.) Zig-Zag Vine V 1m
PTERIDOPHYTES Sa
Apocynaceae
Cyatheaceae Alstonia constricta QuinineTree T U11 Wb
Cyathea australis Rough Tree Fern tF W1 Us Melodinus acutiflorus Merangarra V l.Jn Sa
Cyathea cooperi CommonTree Fern tF W1 Us Melodinus australis
Cyathea leichhardtiana Prickly Tree Fern tF Lm Us
Southern Melodinus V un Sa
Parsonsia eucalyptophylla Gargaloo V 1m Sa oa
Parsonsia fulva Furry Silkpod V un Sa
Parsonsia lanceolata Northern Silkpod V un Sa
Fire-Retardant Plants for Large Gardens, Acreage Blocks, Parks ami Parsonsia latifolia Monkey Vine V un Sa
Farms Parsonsia straminea Monkey Rope V un Sa Oa
Parsonsia velutina VelvetSilkood V Un Sa oa
The following plants can be used in addition to the lists of plants for small and medium gardens. Parsonsia ventricosa Pointed Silkpod V W1 Sa
"""'- Arecaceae
Scientitic Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Calamus muelleri Lawyer Cane V 1m Sa
GYMNOSPERMS A.-aliaceae
Cephalaralia cephalohotrys CLimbing Panax V un
Araucariaceae Sa
Polyscias elegans Celerywood T un
Agathis rohusta (-) QldKauri T un Pf - resin Wb/Ad 0,\
Araucaria hidwillii (-) Bunya Pine T un Pf - resin Sa
Polyscias murrayi Pencil Cedar T un
Araucaria cunninghamii Hoop Pine T W1 Pf - resin Ad oa Sa
Podocarpaceae Asclepiadaceae
Podocarpus elalus Brown or Plum Pine T U11 Pf - resin Marsdenia rostrata Common Milk Vine V un Sa
MONOCOTYLEDONS Atherospermataceae
Daphnandra micrantha Socketwood T 1m
Arecaceae (Palmae) Wb
Calamus muelleri Lawyer Cane Vine V un Sa Oa
Page 33
APPENDICES Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Dissiliaria baloghioides Lancewood T Im Wb Avicenniaceae Drypetes australasica Yellow Tulip T Im Wb Avicennia marina Grey Mangrove T Lm St Oa Coastal Exocoecaria agallocha Milky Mangrove T Lm St Ad Coastal Exocoecaria dallachyana Scrub Poison Tree r Im Wb Burseraceae Glochidion ferdinandi Cheese Tree T Im Wb Canarium australasicum Carrotwood a Im Wb Glochidion sumatranum Buttonwood T Im Wb Mallotus discolor Yellow Kamala T Lm Wb Caesalpiniaceae Mallotus philippensis Red Kamala T Im Wb Cassia marksiana (-) Native Laburnum iu Im Wb Caesalpinia bonduc Caesalpinia ‘¥ Im Sa Fabaceae Caesalpinia scortechinii Large Prickle Vine Vv im Sa Austrosteenisia blackii Blood Vine Vv Im Sa Oa Caesalpinia subtropica Corky Prickle Vine Vv Im Sa Castanospermum australe Black Bean T Im Wb Derris involuta Native Derris v Im Sa Celastraceae Erythrina sp. Lacey’s Creek | Corkwood T Im Ad De Celastrus australis Staff Climber v Im Sa Erythrina vespertilio Batswing Coral Tree T Im Ad De Celastrus subspicatus Large Staff Vine Vv Im Sa Mucuna gigantea Burny Bean Vv Im Sa Loeseneriella barbata (Hippocratea b.) Knot Vine Vv Im Sa Flacourtiaceae Scolopia braunii Flintwood 7: Im Wb Cunoniaceae Caldcluvia paniculosa Rose-leaf Marara z Im Wb Flindersiaceae Ceratopetalum apetalum (-) Coachwood Tt Im Wb Flindersia australis Crows Ash T Lm Wb Geissois benthamii Red Carabeen r Im Wb Flindersia bennettiana Bennett’s Ash T Ln Wb Pseudoweinmannia Flindersia collina Leopard Ash T Im Wb lachnocarpa Marara i, Im Wb Flindersia schottiana Cudgerie or Bumpy Ash T Im Wb Schizomeria ovata White Birch r Lm Us/Wb Flindersia xanthoxyla Yellowwood T Lint Wb Ebenaceae Tcacinaceae Diospyros fasciculosa Grey Ebony T Im Wb Citronella moorei Churnwood T im Wb Diospyros pentamera Myrtle Ebony i Im Wb Pennantia cunninghamii Brown Beech T Lm Wb Ehretiaceae Lauraceae Cordia dichotoma (-) Cordia T Im Wb Cryptocarya erythroxylon _ Pigeonberry Ash T Im Wb Ehretia acuminata Koda T Im Ad De Cryptocarya hypospodia Rib-fruit Pepperberry T Im Wb Cryptocarya macdonaldii — Cooloola Laurel T Im Wb Elaeocarpaceae Cryptocarya microneura Murrogun Tr Im Wb Elaeocarpus eumundi Eumundi Quandong = Im Wb Cryptocarya obovata Pepperberry Tree T Im Wb Elaeocarpus grandis Blue Quandong T Im Wb Endiandra muelleri Mueller’s Walnut 1 Im Wb Elaeocarpus kirtonii White Quandong zt Im Wb Endiandra pubens Hairy Walnut T in Wb Elaeocarpus obovatus Hard Quandong T im Wb Endiandra sieberi (-) Hard Corkwood a Im Wb Sloanea australis Maiden’s Blush T Im Wb Neolitsea australiensis Grey Bolly Gum T Im Wb Sloanea woollsii Yellow Carabeen T Im Wb Neolitsea dealbata White Bolly Gum T Im Us/Wb Escalloniaceae Malvaceae Quintinia verdonii Grey Possumwood T Im Wb Hibiscus tiliaceus Cotton Tree T Im Wb Lagunaria patersonii (-) Norfolk Is Hibiscus T im Wb Euphorbiaceae Austrobuxus. swainii (-) Pink Cherry T Ln Wb Meliaceae Baloghia inophylla (B. lucida) Scrub Bloodwood T im Wb Anthocarapa nitidula Bridelia exaltata Scrub Ironbark T Im Wb (Pseudocarapa nitidula) Incense Cedar T Im Wb Bridelia leichhardtii Leichhardt’s Ironbark T In Wb Dysoxylum fraseranum Rosewood T Im Wb Claoxylon australe Brittlewood T Im Wb FIRE RETARDANT NATIVE PLANTS 267 266 LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE ——
Page 34
APPENDICES
Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
~ ---
Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
=
Dysoxylum mollissimum Ofeaceae
ssp. molle (D. muelleri) Red Bean T 1m Wb Olea paniculata Native Olive T 1m Wb
Dysoxylum rufum Hairy Rosewood T 1m Wb
Melia azedarach White Cedar T 1m Wb/Ad III Piperaceae
owenia cepiodora Onion Cedar T 1m Wb Piper novae-hollandiae Native Pepper Vine V 1m Sa
Toona australis Red Cedar T 1m Wb/A(! Iii
Pittosporaceae
Menispermaceae Pittosporum rhombifolium Hollywood T 1m Wb
Legnephora moorei Wild Grape V 1m Sa
Sarcopetalum harveyanum Pearl Vine V 1m Sa Proteaceae
Stephania aculeata Prickly Snake Vine V 1m Sa Floydia praealta Ball Nut T 1m Wb
Tinospora smilacina Snake Vine V 1m Sa Grevillea hilliana (-) Hill's Silky Oak T 1m Pf
Tinospora tinosporoides Arrow-head Vine V 1m Sa Grevillea robusta Silky Oak T 1m Pf
Helicia glabriflora Smooth Helicia T 1m Pf
Mimosaceae Macadamia integrifolia Queensland Nut T 1m Wb
Acacia aulacocarpa val'. Macadamia ternifolia Maroochy Nut T 1m Wb
aulacocarpa Hickory Wattle T 1m Wb PI' Macadamia tetraphylla (-) Rough-shell Bush Nut T 1m Wb
Acacia bakeri Marblewood T 1m Wb PI' oriocallis pinnata (-) Pink Silky Oak T 1m PI'
Acacia harpophylla (-) Brigalow Wattle T 1m Wb oriocallis wickhamii (-) Satin Oak T 1m PI'
Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood T lJn Wb PI' (Alloxylon flammeum)
Archidendron grandiflorum Lace Flower T 1m Wb Stenoca'1JUs salignus (-) Scrub Beefwood T 1m PI'
Stenocarpus sinuatus Wheel of Fire Tree T 1m Wb
Monimiaceae
Palmeria scandens Anchor Vine V 1m Sa Rannnculaceae
Clematis aristata Old Man's Beard V 1m Sa
Moraceae
Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig T lJn Wb Rhamnaceae
Ficus oMiqua Small-leafed Fig T 1m Wb Alphitonia excelsa Red Ash T 1m Wb
Ficus platypoda Rock Fig T 1m Wb Alphitonia petrei Pink Ash T lJn Wb
Ficus superba Val: henneana Deciduous Fig T 1m Ad De Emmenosperma
Ficus virens val'. sublanceolataWhite Fig T lJn Wb alphitonioides Yellow Ash T 1m Wb
Ficus watkinsiana Nipple Fig T lJn Wb
Maclura cochinchinensis Rosaceae
(Cudrania c.) Cockspur Thorn V lJn Oa Sa Rubus moluccanus MoluccaBrarnble V lJn Sa
Malaisia scandens BumyVine V lJn Sa
Rutaceae
Myrtaceae ACI-onychia oblongifolia WhiteLiUy Pilly SIT 1m Wb
Acmena hemilampra Blush Satinash V lJn Wb Acronychia suberosa Corky Acronychia T 1m Wb
Acmena ingens Sarcomelicope simplicifolia Bauerel1a T 1m Wb
(A. brachyandra) Red Apple V 1m Wb
Acmena smithii CreekLillyPilly T 1m Wb Sapindaceae
Lophostemon confertus Brush Box T lJn Wb Alectryon reticulatus Alectryon T 1m WIJ
Syncarpia glomulifera Turpentine T lJn Wb Arytera lautererana Corduroy Tamarind T 1m WIJ
Syzygium australe Scrub Cherry T 1m Wb Atalaya multijlora Broad-leaf Whitewood T 1m WIJ
Syzygium corynanthum Sour cherry T 1m Wb Atalaya salicijolia (A. virens) Scrub Whitewood T 1m WI!
Syzygium crebrinerve Purple Cherry T 1m Wb Castanospora aphanandi (-) Brown Tamarind T 1m Wli
Syzygium moorei (-) Durobby T 1m Wb Cupaniopsis anacardioides Tuckeroo T 1m WI!
Cupaniopsis flagellijormis (-) Brown Tuckeroo SIT 1m WI!
Nyctaginaceae Diploglottis campbellii (-) Small-leaf Tamarind T 1m WI!
Pisonia aculeata Native Bougainvillea V 1m Sa Diploglottis cunninghamii Native Tamarind T 1m WIi/AiI
Harpullia hi/Iii Blunt-leaf Tulip T 1m WII
Harpullia pendula Tulipwood T lJn WI!
268 LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE FIRE RETIIIlDIIN I Nil IIVI PI ANIS 269
Page 35
APPENDICES
Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
Jagera pseudorhus Foam Bark Tree T Un Wb
Mischocarpus anodontus Veiny Pear-fruit T Un Wb
MischocOlpus pyriformis Yellow Pear-fruit T Un Wb
Rhysotoechia hifoliolata (-) Twin-leaf Tuckeroo T Un Wb
Sarcopteryx stipata Corduroy T Un Wb
Toechima dasyrrhache Blunt-leaf Steel wood T Un Wb
Sapolaceae
Amorphospermum antilogum Brown Pearwood T Un Wb
Amorphospermum whitei (-) Rusty Plum T Un Wb
Planchonella australis Black Apple T Un Wb
Planchonella laurifolia (-) Blush Coondoo T Un Wb
Planchonella pohlmaniana Yellow Boxwood T Un Wb
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus triphysa WhiteSiris T Un Wb
Guilfoylia monostylis Native Plum T Un Wb
Siphonodonlaceae
Siphonodon australis Ivorywood T Un Wb
Sterculiaceae
Argyrodendron actinophyllum Black Booyong T Un Wb
Argyrodendron trifoliolatum Brown Tulip Oak T Un Wb
Brachychiton acerifolius Flame Tree T Un Ad De
Brachychiton discolor Lace Bark T Un Ad De
Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong T Un Wb
Brachychiton rupestris (-) Qld BottJetree T Un Ad De
Brachychiton sp. (-) Ormeau BottJetree T Un Ad De
Commersonia hartramia Brown Kurrajong T Un Us/Wb
Sterculia quadrifida Peanut Tree T Un Ad De
Symplocaceae
Symplocos stawelli White Hazelwood T Un Wb
Ulmaceae
Aphananthe philippinensis Native Elm T Un Wb
Celtis paniculata Investigator Tree T Un Wb
Urticaceae
Dendrocnide excelsa Giant Stinging Tree T Un Wb
Dendrocnide photinophylla Mulberry Stinger T Un Wb
Verbenaceae
Gmelina leichhardtii White Beech T Un Wb
Premna lignum-vitae Lignum-vitae T Un Wb
Vitaceae
Cissus antarctica Kangaroo Vine V Un Wb
Cissus hypoglauca Five-leafWatervine V Un Wb
Cissus sterculiifolia Long-leaf Watervine V Un Wb
Tetrastigma nitens Shining Grape V Un Wb
270 LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE
Page 36
Appendix 2 Bushfire Survival Plan Guideline / Template [OCR of page images] Appendix 2 Bushfire Survival Plan Guideline / Template
Page 37
Bushfire Survival Plan
Tomorrow’s Queensland: strong, green, smart, healthy and fair
Department of Community Safety
Page 38
You must PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Your main priority is to ensure that you and your family
are safe. During a bushfire you and your family’s
survival and safety depend on your preparations, and
the decisions you make.
The lives of you and your family are more important
than any building.
Whether your plan is to leave early or stay, you must
prepare your home and property to increase their level
of resilience and your chances of survival.
Bushfires in Queensland Understand your risk
The fire season in Queensland normally commences in
The first step in planning to survive a bushfire is to
the far north of the state in July and progresses through
understand your own level of risk. By understanding
to southern areas as spring approaches. The fire
your own level of risk you will be able to make informed
season can extend through to February in southern and
decisions that are right for you and your family.
far south-western Queensland. These time frames can
Included with this Bushfire Survival Plan is a self-
vary significantly from year to year, depending on the
assessment tool that will enable you to assess the
fuel loads, long-term climate and short-term weather
risk level associated with your property. If you are still
conditions in each area.
unsure of your level of risk or require assistance contact
your local fire station for more information. To book a
There are four key considerations for dealing with
Bushfire Safety presentation call 1300 369 003.
bushfire:
The safety of you and your family.
The resilience of your property. Fire danger ratings
The protection of irreplaceable valuables
The increased frequency of extreme bushfires in
and important documents.
Australia in the last 10 years and the recent experience
The maintenance of adequate levels of the Black Saturday fires in Victoria have encouraged
of insurance. fire services throughout Australia to introduce new
levels of Fire Danger Rating (FDR). A lift-out chart of the
This document will provide you with information about FDR system is contained within this document. Display
the things you need to consider to prepare yourself and it in a prominent place in your home or keep it with your
your home for the bushfire season, and how to make Bushfire Survival Plan.
your own personal Bushfire Survival Plan.
It is your responsibility
to prepare yourself, your
family and your
home for the threat
of bushfire.
2 PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 39
Catastrophic fire danger rating Leaving late can be
The highest level is catastrophic. On a day of a deadly option.
catastrophic FDR leaving early is the only option to If you are in any doubt,
ensure your survival. You must relocate early to a safer
location, hours or the day before a fire occurs. Under no make the decision to
circumstances will it be safe to stay with your property. LEAVE EARLY.
Extreme fire danger rating
The second highest level is extreme. Should a fire What will you do?
occur in your area on a day of extreme FDR leaving early
will always be the only option. Staying can only be At all times you need to PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
considered for homes that:
When the fire danger rating is ‘catastrophic’ leaving
Have been designed and constructed specifically early is the safest option.
to address the threat of bushfire.
When the fire danger rating is lower than ‘catastrophic’,
Have been maintained to those levels and are one of the most important decisions you need to
currently well prepared. make is whether you will leave early or stay with a well
prepared property. This decision is the basis of your
Can be actively defended by people with the
Bushfire Survival Plan.
skills, knowledge and confidence to implement
a well-rehearsed Bushfire Survival Plan. The following questions may help you make the right
decision for whether you will leave early or stay:
On days of catastrophic or extreme FDR: Do you need to consider family members who are
Fires are likely to be uncontrollable, unpredictable young, elderly or infirm?
and very fast moving with highly aggressive flames
Are you physically and emotionally prepared to stay
extending high above tree tops and buildings.
with your property?
Thousands of embers may be violently blown into
Do you have the knowledge, skills, and confidence
and around homes causing other fires to start
to stay with your property?
rapidly and spread quickly up to 20 kilometres
ahead of the main fire. Is your home adequately constructed, maintained
and prepared to withstand the impact of a fire?
Fire can threaten suddenly, without warning, and
In other words, is your home prepared to withstand
the heat and wind will make it difficult to see, hear
the impact of a bushfire?
and breathe as the fire approaches.
Do you have well-maintained resources and
People in the path of such fires will almost certainly
equipment to fight fire, and do you know how
be injured or die and a significant number of
to use them?
homes and businesses will be destroyed or
damaged. Do you have appropriate protective clothing to
fight a fire?
Even well-prepared and constructed homes will
not be safe. What will you do if a rapid onset fire leaves you
with no time to leave? Where will you shelter?
Expect power, water and phone networks to fail as
severe winds bring down trees, power lines and
blow roofs off buildings well ahead of the fire.
It is vital that you understand on these days that your
survival will depend solely on how well you have
prepared and how decisively you act.
3
PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
[OCR of page images]
Catastrophic fire danger rating
The highest level is catastrophic. On a day of
catastrophic FDR leaving early is the only option to
ensure your survival. You must relocate early to a safer
location, hours or the day before a fire occurs. Under no
circumstances will it be safe to stay with your property.
Extreme fire danger rating
The second highest level is extreme. Should a fire
occur in your area on a day of extreme FDR leaving early
will always be the only option. Staying can only be
considered for homes that:
= Have been designed and constructed specifically
to address the threat of bushfire.
= Have been maintained to those levels and are
currently well prepared.
= Can be actively defended by people with the
skills, knowledge and confidence to implement
a well-rehearsed Bushfire Survival Plan.
On days of catastrophic or extreme FDR:
= Fires are likely to be uncontrollable, unpredictable
and very fast moving with highly aggressive flames
extending high above tree tops and buildings.
= Thousands of embers may be violently blown into
and around homes causing other fires to start
rapidly and spread quickly up to 20 kilometres
ahead of the main fire.
= Fire can threaten suddenly, without warning, and
the heat and wind will make it difficult to see, hear
and breathe as the fire approaches.
= People in the path of such fires will almost certainly
be injured or die and a significant number of
homes and businesses will be destroyed or
damaged.
= Even well-prepared and constructed homes will
not be safe.
= Expect power, water and phone networks to fail as
severe winds bring down trees, power lines and
blow roofs off buildings well ahead of the fire.
It is vital that you understand on these days that your
survival will depend solely on how well you have
prepared and how decisively you act.
SEE
Leaving late can be
a deadly option.
If you are in any doubt,
make the decision to
LEAVE EARLY.
What will you do?
At all times you need to PREPARE.ACT.SURVIVE .
When the fire danger rating is ‘catastrophic’ leaving
early is the safest option.
When the fire danger rating is lower than ‘catastrophic’,
one of the most important decisions you need to
make is whether you will leave early or stay with a well
prepared property. This decision is the basis of your
Bushfire Survival Plan.
The following questions may help you make the right
decision for whether you will leave early or stay:
= Do you need to consider family members who are
young, elderly or infirm?
= Are you physically and emotionally prepared to stay
with your property?
= Do you have the knowledge, skills, and confidence
to stay with your property?
= Is your home adequately constructed, maintained
and prepared to withstand the impact of a fire?
In other words, is your home prepared to withstand
the impact of a bushfire?
= Do you have well-maintained resources and
equipment to fight fire, and do you know how
to use them?
= Do you have appropriate protective clothing to
fight a fire?
= What will you do if a rapid onset fire leaves you
with no time to leave? Where will you shelter?
PREPARE.ACT.SURVIVE. 3 7
Page 40
In making your decision to stay, here are a few things
you need to consider.
Is your property able to withstand the impact of a
bushfire?
Are you physically and emotionally prepared to
stay with your property?
Do you have well-maintained resources and
equipment and do you know how to use them?
Do you have appropriate protective clothing?
Will your bushfire survival plan need to be different
for weekdays, weekends or if someone is sick at
Leave early home?
Do you have a contingency plan?
If you plan to leave early then you must leave your
home well before a bushfire threatens and travelling by
road becomes hazardous. Your leave early preparations
include: Preparing your Bushfire
Step 1: Preparation – your property should be well Survival Plan
prepared for bushfire even if you intend to leave early.
Preparation is the key to survival. Being involved in a
Step 2: What you will do – make your Bushfire fire will be one of the most traumatic experiences of
Survival Plan in accordance with your decision to your life.
leave early.
Prepare yourself – you need to be both mentally
Step 3: Make a contingency plan – the FDR, the and physically prepared to carry out your Bushfire
preparedness of your home, a change in household Survival Plan.
circumstances, a change in your physical preparedness
Prepare your Bushfire Survival Plan.
or unexpected visitors are some things that may require
you to reconsider your Bushfire Survival Plan. Prepare your Bushfire Survival Kit.
Prepare your Bushfire Relocation Kit.
Prepare your property.
Planning to stay
When writing your plan you need to consider:
Planning is critical to successfully staying with your
home may involve the risk of psychological trauma, Have you made the right choice: to leave early
injury or death. or stay?
Have you discussed your choice with your family,
Step 1: Preparation – your property must be able to
friends and neighbours?
withstand the impact of bushfire and well prepared to
shelter you and your family. Who will take charge and lead other family
members by carefully communicating the various
Step 2: What you will do – make your Bushfire tasks set out in the plan?
Survival Plan in accordance with your decision to
stay. If you have chosen to stay what will you do to
protect your property when the fire arrives?
Step 3: Make a contingency plan – the FDR, the
preparedness of your home, a change in household What will you put in your Bushfire Survival Kit and
circumstances, a change in your physical preparedness where will you store it?
or unexpected visitors are some things that may require Do your friends, family and neighbours know the
you to reconsider your Bushfire Survival Plan. details of your plan?
4 PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
[OCR of page images]
Leave early
If you plan to leave early then you must leave your
home well before a bushfire threatens and travelling by
toad becomes hazardous. Your leave early preparations
include:
Step1: Preparation — your property should be well
prepared for bushfire even if you intend to leave early.
Step 2: What you will do — make your Bushfire
Survival Plan in accordance with your decision to
leave early.
Step 3: Make a contingency plan — the FDR, the
preparedness of your home, a change in household
circumstances, a change in your physical preparedness
or unexpected visitors are some things that may require
you to reconsider your Bushfire Survival Plan.
Planning to stay
Planning is critical to successfully staying with your
home may involve the risk of psychological trauma,
injury or death.
Step1: Preparation — your property must be able to
withstand the impact of bushfire and well prepared to
shelter you and your family.
Step 2: What you will do — make your Bushfire
Survival Plan in accordance with your decision to
stay.
Step 3: Make a contingency plan — the FDR, the
preparedness of your home, a change in household
circumstances, a change in your physical preparedness
or unexpected visitors are some things that may require
you to reconsider your Bushfire Survival Plan.
4
In making your decision to stay, here are a few things
you need to consider.
= Is your property able to withstand the impact of a
bushfire?
= Are you physically and emotionally prepared to
stay with your property?
= Do you have well-maintained resources and
equipment and do you know how to use them?
= Do you have appropriate protective clothing?
= Will your bushfire survival plan need to be different
for weekdays, weekends or if someone is sick at
home?
= Do you have a contingency plan?
Preparing your Bushfire
Survival Plan
Preparation is the key to survival. Being involved in a
fire will be one of the most traumatic experiences of
your life.
= Prepare yourself — you need to be both mentally
and physically prepared to carry out your Bushfire
Survival Plan.
= Prepare your Bushfire Survival Plan.
= Prepare your Bushfire Survival Kit.
= Prepare your Bushfire Relocation Kit.
= Prepare your property.
When writing your plan you need to consider:
= Have you made the right choice: to leave early
or stay?
= Have you discussed your choice with your family,
friends and neighbours?
= Who will take charge and lead other family
members by carefully communicating the various
tasks set out in the plan?
= Ifyou have chosen to stay what will you do to
protect your property when the fire arrives?
= What will you put in your Bushfire Survival Kit and
where will you store it?
= Do your friends, family and neighbours know the
details of your plan?
PREPARE. ACT.SURVIVE.|
Page 41
What will you do if your Bushfire Survival Plan fails? Move any stock to fully grazed paddocks.
Do you have an alternative option or contingency Move cars to a safe location.
plan if your plan fails?
Remove garden furniture, doormats and other
Do you have a Neighbourhood Safer Place (NSP) items.
you can go to as a last resort? For more information
Close windows and doors and shut blinds.
on NSPs see www.ruralfire.qld.gov.au.
Take down curtains and move furniture away
Is it safe to travel there?
from windows.
If your decision is to leave early, you must include the Seal gaps under doors and window screens with
following information or action items in your Bushfire wet towels.
Survival Plan:
Place pets inside, restrain them, and provide water.
Monitor media outlets – radio, TV, mobile phone
and internet for bushfire alerts. Block downpipes and fill gutters with water.
When will you leave? Wet down the sides of buildings facing the
approaching fire front.
What will be your trigger for action?
Wet down decks and verandas.
Will your plan be different for weekdays, weekends,
or if someone is at home sick or injured? Wet down fine fuels close to buildings.
What will you take with you (Relocation Kit)? Turn on sprinklers in garden before bushfire arrives.
Where will you and your family go when you Fill containers with water; bath, sinks, buckets,
leave early? wheelie bins, etc.
What route will you take to get there? Have ladders ready for roof space access (inside)
and against roof (outside).
What will you do with your pets?
Have generator or petrol pump ready.
What will you do if there are consecutive or multiple
‘catastrophic’ or extreme fire danger days? Start checking and patrolling for embers outside.
Will you go into work on days when the FDR is in When the fire front arrives:
the upper levels?
Take all fire fighting equipment inside such as
Will you send your children to school when the hoses and pumps as they may melt during the fire.
FDR is in the upper levels?
Go inside and shelter away from the fire front.
Will all members of your household leave early?
Patrol the inside of your home, including the ceiling
What will you do to prepare your property? space, for embers or small fires that may start.
What is your contingency plan in the event that Drinks lots of water.
it is unsafe to leave?
Check family and pets.
If your decision is to stay you must include the
following information or actions items in your After the fire front has passed:
Bushfire Survival Plan:
Wear protective equipment.
Monitor media outlets – Radio, TV, Go outside once it is safe.
mobile phone and internet.
Check for small spot fires and burning embers:
Locate your Bushfire Survival Kit.
inside roof space
Put on protective clothing. under floor boards
Remain hydrated by drinking lots of water. under house space
on veranda and decks
5
PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
[OCR of page images]
= What will you do if your Bushfire Survival Plan fails?
= Do you have an alternative option or contingency
plan if your plan fails?
= Do you have a Neighbourhood Safer Place (NSP)
you can go to as a last resort? For more information
on NSPs see www.ruralfire.qld.gov.au.
= Is it safe to travel there?
If your decision is to leave early, you must include the
following information or action items in your Bushfire
Survival Plan:
= Monitor media outlets — radio, TV, mobile phone
and internet for bushfire alerts.
= When will you leave?
= What will be your trigger for action?
= Will your plan be different for weekdays, weekends,
or if someone is at home sick or injured?
= What will you take with you (Relocation Kit)?
= Where will you and your family go when you
leave early?
= What route will you take to get there?
= What will you do with your pets?
= What will you do if there are consecutive or multiple
‘catastrophic’ or extreme fire danger days?
= Will you go into work on days when the FDR is in
the upper levels?
= Will you send your children to school when the
FDR is in the upper levels?
= Will all members of your household leave early?
= What will you do to prepare your property?
= What is your contingency plan in the event that
it is unsafe to leave?
If your decision is to stay you must include the
following information or actions items in your
Bushfire Survival Plan:
= Monitor media outlets — Radio, TV,
mobile phone and internet.
= Locate your Bushfire Survival Kit.
= Put on protective clothing.
= Remain hydrated by drinking lots of water.
When the fire front arrives:
After the fire front has passed:
SEE
Move any stock to fully grazed paddocks.
Move cars to a safe location.
Remove garden furniture, doormats and other
items.
Close windows and doors and shut blinds.
Take down curtains and move furniture away
from windows.
Seal gaps under doors and window screens with
wet towels.
Place pets inside, restrain them, and provide water.
Block downpipes and fill gutters with water.
Wet down the sides of buildings facing the
approaching fire front.
Wet down decks and verandas.
Wet down fine fuels close to buildings.
Turn on sprinklers in garden before bushfire arrives.
Fill containers with water; bath, sinks, buckets,
wheelie bins, etc.
Have ladders ready for roof space access (inside)
and against roof (outside).
Have generator or petrol pump ready.
Start checking and patrolling for embers outside.
Take all fire fighting equipment inside such as
hoses and pumps as they may melt during the fire.
Go inside and shelter away from the fire front.
Patrol the inside of your home, including the ceiling
space, for embers or small fires that may start.
Drinks lots of water.
Check family and pets.
Wear protective equipment.
Go outside once it is safe.
Check for small spot fires and burning embers:
= inside roof space
= under floor boards
= under house space
= onveranda and decks
PREPARE.ACT.SURVIVE. 5 7
Page 42
on window ledges and door sills
in roof lines and gutters
Preparing your Bushfire
garden beds and mulch Relocation Kit
wood heaps
outdoor furniture It is equally important to have a relocation kit if your
sheds and carports choice is to leave early. This kit will ensure you and your
family have important items and equipment required
Continue to drink lots of water.
to relocate for the time needed. For a comprehensive
Stay at your property until the surrounding list of items and equipment needed in a Bushfire
area is clear of fire. Relocation Kit see page 15.
Monitor media outlets – radio, TV,
mobile phone and internet.
Making a contingency plan
You need to be both mentally No matter whether your decision is to leave early,
well before a bush fire threatens or to stay you should
and physically prepared still have a contingency plan as part of your Bushfire
to carry out your Survival Plan. There are many scenarios to consider,
such as what you will do if a rapid onset fire starts
Bushfire Survival Plan in your local area making roads impassable or travel
particularly dangerous. You should have other options
if road travel is not safe.
There may be other actions to include, depending on
your individual property and the level of bushfire risk Is your house well prepared?
you are exposed to. Can it provide you with protection from
radiant heat?
Include the whole family in creating your Bushfire
Survival Plan. You and your family should be aware of Have you identified a safer location such
the actions you will take at the various FDR levels and as an NSP?
it is important to ensure this is incorporated into your
Bushfire Survival Plan. The FDR for your area can be
found on roadside signs and by visiting www.ruralfire.
qld.gov.au and following the FDR link. Sheltering in a well-prepared
It is important that your Bushfire Survival Plan does not property is far safer than
rely solely on receiving an alert. being out in the open or
Once you have completed your Bushfire Survival Plan, in a vehicle
practise it regularly to ensure everyone involved knows
exactly what to do in the event of a fire.
Preparing your property
Preparing your Bushfire An unprepared property is not only at risk itself,
but may also present an increased danger for your
Survival Kit neighbours and their homes.
It is essential that you have a Bushfire Survival Kit Planning is absolutely critical to safely staying with your
if your choice is to stay with your property. This kit home. Staying home involves the risk of psychological
will ensure you and your family have the important trauma, injury and death.
equipment you need to stay. For a comprehensive list
of equipment needed in a Bushfire Survival Kit see
page 14.
6 PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
[OCR of page images]
= on window ledges and door sills
= in roof lines and gutters
= garden beds and mulch
= wood heaps
= outdoor furniture
= sheds and carports
= Continue to drink lots of water.
= Stay at your property until the surrounding
area is clear of fire.
= Monitor media outlets — radio, TV,
mobile phone and internet.
You need to be both mentally
and physically prepared
to carry out your
Bushfire Survival Plan
There may be other actions to include, depending on
your individual property and the level of bushfire risk
you are exposed to.
Include the whole family in creating your Bushfire
Survival Plan. You and your family should be aware of
the actions you will take at the various FDR levels and
it is important to ensure this is incorporated into your
Bushfire Survival Plan. The FDR for your area can be
found on roadside signs and by visiting www.ruralfire.
qld.gov.au and following the FDR link.
It is important that your Bushfire Survival Plan does not
rely solely on receiving an alert.
Once you have completed your Bushfire Survival Plan,
practise it regularly to ensure everyone involved knows
exactly what to do in the event ofa fire.
Preparing your Bushfire
Survival Kit
It is essential that you have a Bushfire Survival Kit
if your choice is to stay with your property. This kit
will ensure you and your family have the important
equipment you need to stay. For a comprehensive list
of equipment needed in a Bushfire Survival Kit see
page 14.
LL 6
Preparing your Bushfire
Relocation Kit
It is equally important to have a relocation kit if your
choice is to leave early. This kit will ensure you and your
family have important items and equipment required
to relocate for the time needed. For a comprehensive
list of items and equipment needed in a Bushfire
Relocation Kit see page 15.
Making a contingency plan
No matter whether your decision is to leave early,
well before a bush fire threatens or to stay you should
still have a contingency plan as part of your Bushfire
Survival Plan. There are many scenarios to consider,
such as what you will do if a rapid onset fire starts
in your local area making roads impassable or travel
particularly dangerous. You should have other options
if road travel is not safe.
= Is your house well prepared?
= Can it provide you with protection from
radiant heat?
= Have you identified a safer location such
as an NSP?
Sheltering in a well-prepared
property is far safer than
being out in the open or
in a vehicle
Preparing your property
An unprepared property is not only at risk itself,
but may also present an increased danger for your
neighbours and their homes.
Planning is absolutely critical to safely staying with your
home. Staying home involves the risk of psychological
trauma, injury and death.
PREPARE. ACT. SURVIVE.
Page 43
There are a number of measures you can take to Bushfire Advice Message – a fire has started – general
prepare your home and property for bushfire. These information to keep you up to date.
include several preparations you must take annually
prior to the bushfire season. Bushfire Watch and Act Message – represents a
heightened level of threat. Conditions are changing, a
Your pre-season property preparations should include: fire is approaching; lives may come under threat. Take
appropriate action.
Displaying a prominent house number.
Bushfire Emergency Warning – is the highest level
Ensuring there is adequate access for fire trucks
message advising of impending danger. It may be
to your property – 4 metres wide by 4 metres high
preceded with the Standard Emergency Warning
with a turn-around area. Reduce vegetation loads
Signal (SEWS).
along the access path.
Mowing your grass regularly.
An Emergency Warning
Removing excess ground fuels and combustible
material (long dry grass, dead leaves and means there is a threat
branches). to lives and protective
Clearing of leaves, twigs, bark and other debris action is required
from the roof and gutters.
immediately.
Purchasing and testing the effectiveness of gutter
plugs.
Trimming low-lying branches 2 metres from the
ground surrounding your home.
When a bushfire strikes
Enclosing open areas under your decks and floors. You have made your decision to PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
You have prepared your property before the fire season.
Installing fine steel wire mesh screens on all You have made your Bushfire Survival Plan. You have
windows, doors, vents and weep holes. practised your Bushfire Survival Plan.
Pointing LPG cylinder relief valves away from the A bushfire is threatening? What do you do?
house.
Know the FDR for any given day.
Conducting maintenance checks on pumps,
generators and water systems. Regularly check the FDR on the Rural Fire Services
website at www.ruralfire.qld.gov.au.
Checking that you have sufficient personal
protective clothing and equipment. Monitor your media outlets for warnings on
bushfire activity.
Relocating flammable items away from your home
including woodpiles, paper, boxes, crates, hanging Seek out information if you have to, and do not
baskets and garden furniture. assume that you will receive a warning.
Sealing all gaps in external roof and wall cladding. Leave early or stay according to your Bushfire
Survival Plan.
Checking that the first aid kit is fully stocked.
Act decisively in accordance with your Bushfire
Survival Plan.
Bushfire Alerts Do not adopt the ‘wait and see’ option.
If you receive an emergency warning about a bushfire or
other emergency, take notice as it could save your life.
There are three types of alert messages to help you
make the right safety choices:
7
PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
[OCR of page images]
There are a number of measures you can take to
prepare your home and property for bushfire. These
include several preparations you must take annually
prior to the bushfire season.
Your pre-season property preparations should include:
= Displaying a prominent house number.
= Ensuring there is adequate access for fire trucks
to your property — 4 metres wide by 4 metres high
with a turn-around area. Reduce vegetation loads
along the access path.
= Mowing your grass regularly.
= Removing excess ground fuels and combustible
material (long dry grass, dead leaves and
branches).
= Clearing of leaves, twigs, bark and other debris
from the roof and gutters.
= Purchasing and testing the effectiveness of gutter
plugs.
= Trimming low-lying branches 2 metres from the
ground surrounding your home.
= Enclosing open areas under your decks and floors.
= Installing fine steel wire mesh screens on all
windows, doors, vents and weep holes.
= Pointing LPG cylinder relief valves away from the
house.
= Conducting maintenance checks on pumps,
generators and water systems.
= Checking that you have sufficient personal
protective clothing and equipment.
= Relocating flammable items away from your home
including woodpiles, paper, boxes, crates, hanging
baskets and garden furniture.
= Sealing all gaps in external roof and wall cladding.
= Checking that the first aid kit is fully stocked.
Bushfire Alerts
If you receive an emergency warning about a bushfire or
other emergency, take notice as it could save your life.
There are three types of alert messages to help you
make the right safety choices:
SEE
Bushfire Advice Message — a fire has started — general
information to keep you up to date.
Bushfire Watch and Act Message — represents a
heightened level of threat. Conditions are changing, a
fire is approaching; lives may come under threat. Take
appropriate action.
Bushfire Emergency Warning — is the highest level
message advising of impending danger. It may be
preceded with the Standard Emergency Warning
Signal (SEWS).
An Emergency Warning
means there is a threat
to lives and protective
action is required
immediately.
When a bushfire strikes
You have made your decision to PREPARE.ACT. SURVIVE.
You have prepared your property before the fire season.
You have made your Bushfire Survival Plan. You have
practised your Bushfire Survival Plan.
A bushfire is threatening? What do you do?
= Know the FDR for any given day.
= Regularly check the FDR on the Rural Fire Services
website at www. ruralfire.qld.gov.au.
= Monitor your media outlets for warnings on
bushfire activity.
= Seek out information if you have to, and do not
assume that you will receive a warning.
= Leave early or stay according to your Bushfire
Survival Plan.
= Act decisively in accordance with your Bushfire
Survival Plan.
= Do not adopt the ‘wait and see’ option.
PREPARE.ACT.SURVIVE. 7 7
Page 44
Travelling in your vehicle near Neighbourhood Safer Places
a bushfire A Neighbourhood Safer Place (NSP) is a place of last
resort for people during a bushfire. An NSP may form
Sheltering inside a vehicle is a high-risk strategy that
part of a back-up plan when:
can result in death. Whilst sheltering inside a vehicle
offers you a slightly higher chance of survival than Your Bushfire Survival Plan has failed.
being caught in the open, having a leave early or stay
strategy is a much safer option. Your plan was to stay but the extent of the fire
means that your home cannot withstand the
You should never take a journey into areas where the impact of the fire and therefore your home is not
fire danger is catastrophic or extreme. You should a safe place to shelter.
consider postponing or finding alternative routes
if necessary. If you can smell or see smoke in the The fire has escalated to an extreme or catastrophic
distance it is best to u-turn and drive away from the level and relocation is the safest option.
danger. An NSP is an identified building or open space within
the community that can provide a level of protection
If you are caught in smoke or flames while on the road:
from the immediate life-threatening effects of a
Turn on the vehicle’s headlights and hazard bushfire. NSPs still entail some risk, both in moving
warning lights. to them and while sheltering in them and cannot be
considered completely safe.
If you need to shelter in your vehicle drive your car
into a bare, clear area well away from surrounding They are a place of last resort in bushfire emergencies
trees, leaving lights on. Position vehicle to prevent only. The following limitations of NSPs need to be
side impact from advancing fire front. considered within your Bushfire Survival Plan:
Close all windows and vents. NSPs do not cater for pets.
Leave the engine running and turn off the air Firefighters may not be present as they will be
conditioning system. fighting the main fire front elsewhere.
Cover your entire body with woollen or cotton NSPs do not provide meals or amenities.
blankets to protect from radiant heat.
They may not provide shelter from the elements,
Take shelter below the window level. particularly flying embers.
Drink water frequently and stay in the vehicle until If you are a person with special needs you should give
the fire front has passed. consideration to what assistance you may require at
Once the fire front has passed exit the vehicle to an NSP.
inspect the damage and ensure other passengers
Although QFRS cannot guarantee an immediate
are safe.
presence during a bushfire, every effort will be made
to provide support as soon as resources are available.
If an NSP is part of your contingency plan it should not
require extended travel through fire-affected areas to
get there.
8 PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
[OCR of page images]
Travelling in your vehicle near
a bushfire
Sheltering inside a vehicle is a high-risk strategy that
can result in death. Whilst sheltering inside a vehicle
offers you a slightly higher chance of survival than
being caught in the open, having a leave early or stay
strategy is a much Safer option.
You should never take a journey into areas where the
fire danger is catastrophic or extreme. You should
consider postponing or finding alternative routes
if necessary. If you can smell or see smoke in the
distance it is best to u-turn and drive away from the
danger.
If you are caught in smoke or flames while on the road:
= Turn on the vehicle’s headlights and hazard
warning lights.
= Ifyou need to shelter in your vehicle drive your car
into a bare, clear area well away from surrounding
trees, leaving lights on. Position vehicle to prevent
side impact from advancing fire front.
= Close all windows and vents.
= Leave the engine running and turn off the air
conditioning system.
= Cover your entire body with woollen or cotton
blankets to protect from radiant heat.
= Take shelter below the window level.
= Drink water frequently and stay in the vehicle until
the fire front has passed.
= Once the fire front has passed exit the vehicle to
inspect the damage and ensure other passengers
are safe.
Neighbourhood Safer Places
A Neighbourhood Safer Place (NSP) is a place of last
resort for people during a bushfire. An NSP may form
part of a back-up plan when:
= Your Bushfire Survival Plan has failed.
= Your plan was to stay but the extent of the fire
means that your home cannot withstand the
impact of the fire and therefore your home is not
a safe place to shelter.
= The fire has escalated to an extreme or catastrophic
level and relocation is the safest option.
An NSP is an identified building or open space within
the community that can provide a level of protection
from the immediate life-threatening effects of a
bushfire. NSPs still entail some risk, both in moving
to them and while sheltering in them and cannot be
considered completely safe.
They are a place of last resort in bushfire emergencies
only. The following limitations of NSPs need to be
considered within your Bushfire Survival Plan:
= NSPs do not cater for pets.
= Firefighters may not be present as they will be
fighting the main fire front elsewhere.
= NSPs do not provide meals or amenities.
= They may not provide shelter from the elements,
particularly flying embers.
If you are a person with special needs you should give
consideration to what assistance you may require at
an NSP.
Although QFRS cannot guarantee an immediate
presence during a bushfire, every effort will be made
to provide support as soon as resources are available.
If an NSP is part of your contingency plan it should not
require extended travel through fire-affected areas to
get there.
PREPARE. ACT. SURVIVE.
Page 45
FIRE DANGER RATING CATASTROPHIC 100+
A fire with a rating of ‘catastrophic’ may be
uncontrollable, unpredictable and fast moving. The
flames will be higher than roof tops. Many people will
be injured and many homes and businesses will be
destroyed.
During a ‘catastrophic’ fire, well-prepared and
constructed homes will not be safe. Leaving is the only
option for your survival.
EXTREME 75–99
A fire with an ‘extreme’ rating may be uncontrollable,
unpredictable and fast moving. The flames will be
higher than roof tops. During an ‘extreme’ fire, people
will be injured and homes and businesses will be
destroyed.
The Fire Danger Rating (FDR) is an early indicator During an ‘extreme’ fire, well-prepared and well-
of potential danger and should act as your constructed homes may not be safe. Leaving is the
only option for your survival.
first trigger for action. The higher the rating the
greater the need for you to act. SEVERE 50–74
A fire with a ‘severe’ rating may be uncontrollable and
move quickly, with flames that may be higher than
The FDR is an assessment of the potential fire roof tops. A ‘severe’ fire may cause injuries and some
behaviour, the difficulty of suppressing a fire, homes or businesses will be destroyed.
and the potential impact on the community During a fire with a ‘severe’ rating, leaving is the safest
option for your survival. Use your home as a place of
should a bushfire occur on a given day. safety only if it is well-prepared and well-constructed.
VERY HIGH 25–49
A Fire Danger Index (FDI) of ‘low–moderate’ A fire with a ‘very high’ danger rating is a fire that can
means that fire will burn slowly and that it will be difficult to control with flames that may burn into
the tree tops. During a fire of this type some homes
be easily controlled, whereas a FDI in excess of
and businesses may be damaged or destroyed.
‘catastrophic 100+’ means that fire will burn so During a fire with a ‘very high’ danger rating, you
fast and so hot that it will be uncontrollable. should use your home as a place of safety only if it is
well prepared and well-constructed.
HIGH 12–24
A fire with a ‘high’ danger rating is a fire that can be
controlled where loss of life is unlikely and damage to
property will be limited.
During a fire with a ‘high’ danger rating, you should
know where to get more information and monitor the
situation for any changes.
LOW–MODERATE 0–11
A fire with a ‘low to moderate’ rating can be easily
controlled and pose little/or no risk to life or property.
During a fire with a ‘low to moderate’ rating, you should
know where to get more information and monitor the
situation for any changes.
9
PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 46
BUSHFIRE SURVIVAL PLAN
Complete your personalised Bushfire Survival Plan lift-out.
Personal details:
Important phone numbers: 000 (Fire, Police and Ambulance)
Family: Family: Family:
Work: Friends: Friends:
School:
Important contact details – name and phone number:
Insurer: Policy Number: Phone:
Electricity: Phone:
Water: Phone:
Gas: Phone:
Phone Company: Phone:
Council: Phone:
Leave early:
List all names and contact phone numbers of household members who have decided to leave early then complete
Section 1.
Names:
Phone:
Stay:
List all names and contact phone numbers of household members who have decided to stay, then complete Section 2.
Names:
Phone:
10 PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 47
Leave early – Section 1
Pull this Bushfire Survival Plan lift-out from this document and keep in a safe place.
Leaving early will always be the safest option for you and your family. It is extremely important for you to prepare
a detailed leave early plan to ensure everyone understands what to do and when. Use the boxes below to list
tasks to do.
When to go – Think of different triggers that will cause you and your family to leave early.
Think about what you will do if you have sent the children to school that day. Think about
whether or not you will have to travel from work into the fire zone.
Where to go – Identify one or more safer locations.
Consider putting on personal protective clothing before you leave home.
How to get there – What roads will you take to your destination?
Have an alternative route if your first choice is impassable.
What to take – Make a list of your most valuable items (e.g. insurance papers, electronic
records, photo albums, passports, birth certificates and other important documents).
11
PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 48
Stay – Section 2
Anyone who is not going to leave early must be involved in completing this stay and defend plan to ensure they
know what to do. Every stay plan will be different depending on your circumstances. Use the boxes below to list
tasks to do.
Before the fire approaches – Start getting yourself and your property ready for a bushfire.
As the fire approaches – Prepare for ember attack on or near your home.
Remember to put on personal protective clothing.
As the fire front arrives – Stay safe by monitoring the fire from inside your home.
After the fire has passed – Patrol your property and extinguish any spot fires or burning embers.
You may need to keep this up for several hours.
Everyone must have a contingency plan
Have a contingency plan – what will you do if you can’t activate your Bushfire Survival Plan? Remember that leaving
late can lead to loss of lives.
Know where your nearest NSP is and how to get there.
12 PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 49
ACTIVATING YOUR BUSHFIRE SURVIVAL PLAN
Once you have prepared your Bushfire Survival Plan and completed your preparations, it is absolutely essential that
you regularly practise and review your plan. This will make sure you and your family are well organised in the event
of a bushfire. If a bushfire threatens the health and safety of you, your family, home or property, you should follow
these steps:
Step 1 – Activate your Bushfire Survival Plan
Someone must take charge and lead other family members
through this emotional experience by carefully communicating the
various tasks set out in the plan. Know who is going to leave early
and who is going to stay.
Step 2 – Put on your personal protective clothing
Every member of the family must change into their personal
protective clothing, including long pants, long-sleeve-shirt
and closed-in shoes.
Step 3A – Pack your vehicle and leave early Step3B – Implement your strategy to stay and defend
If your plan is to leave early, pack all valuables If your plan is to stay ensure you have all the items
in your vehicle (see Relocation Kit) and relocate in the Bushfire Survival Kit ready to go. This can be
OR
to your designated safer location. Give yourself a dangerous option and you should be physically
enough time to get you and your family to safety. and mentally prepared.
Don’t return home until it is safe to do so.
Step 4 – Keep informed of bushfire activity
Listen to the radio, television, internet, firefighters and/or police
for information on the fire in your local area. Bushfire is dynamic
and unpredictable so you need to be prepared for the unexpected.
Warnings are not guaranteed so do whatever is necessary to ensure
you remain safe.
13
PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 50
BUSHFIRE SURVIVAL KIT
You need to have a Bushfire Survival Kit stored in an area of the house that is
safe and easy to access. It should contain:
protective clothing
mop
gloves
torch
hoses
shovel
towels
buckets
safety goggles
ladder
medications
bottled drinking water
fire extinguishers
battery operated radio
spare batteries
smoke mask
woollen blankets
first aid kit
knapsack sprayer
protective clothing
for the whole family.
14 PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
[OCR of page images]
BUSHFIRE SURVIVAL KIT
You need to have a Bushfire Survival Kit stored in an area of the house that is
safe and easy to access. It should contain:
= protective clothing
= mop ¥ —_
= gloves
= torch J
= hoses
= shovel
= towels ( \ m
= buckets Dn
"safety goggles |
"ladder JZ
=" medications
"bottled drinking water
"fire extinguishers
"battery operated radio
= spare batteries
= smoke mask
= woollen blankets
= first aid kit
= knapsack sprayer
= protective clothing
for the whole family.
14
J
Page 51
RELOCATION KIT
Write a list of all items your family will need before, during and after your relocation.
The list below shows items that you might like to put in your relocation kit.
protective clothing for the
whole family
battery operated radio and
spare batteries
safety goggles
mobile phone and battery
charger
medications
wallet or purse and money
clothing (two sets of clothes
for each family member)
identity information
(passports, birth certificates)
bottled water (enough
for each relocated family
member)
family and friends’ phone
numbers
items of high importance
(e.g. family photos,
valuables, important
documents)
blankets (natural fibres)
children’s toys
15
PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
[OCR of page images]
Oe
RELOCATION KIT
Write a list of all items your family will need before, during and after your relocation.
The list below shows items that you might like to put in your relocation kit.
= protective clothing for the ‘|
whole family -—t
"battery operated radio and . ~~ = a __——
—- Oe ee _
a
spare batteries
"safety goggles
= mobile phone and battery
charger
= medications
= wallet or purse and money
= clothing (two sets of clothes
for each family member)
= identity information
(passports, birth certificates)
«bottled water (enough
for each relocated family
member)
= family and friends’ phone
numbers
= items of high importance
(e.g. family photos,
valuables, important
documents)
«blankets (natural fibres)
"children’s toys
eae 6)
Page 52
BUSHFIRE RISK SELF-ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST
This basic self-assessment checklist is designed to give you a greater understanding of the bushfire risk
level relevant to your property. Information provided in this assessment will assist you when completing
your Bushfire Survival Plan.
Address:
Postcode:
Property Owner/Property Name:
ACCESS/EGRESS Road/Street/Driveway PLEASE √ APPROPRIATE BOX
Clear of overhanging vegetation Yes No
Unrestricted gate access Yes No
Clear of overhead power lines Yes No
Able to reverse in Yes No
Turning/passing areas Yes No
Heavy vehicle access on cattle grid/bridge Yes No
Alternative way out Yes No
Two wheel drive access Yes No
STRUCTURE/S
Exterior walls – non-combustible Yes No
Roof ridge capping sealed Yes No
Eaves enclosed Yes No
Roofing gutters and valleys clear of leaf litter and fine fuels Yes No
Underfloor enclosed Yes No
Vents screened Yes No
Windows – non-combustible finishing Yes No
Deck/veranda non-combustible Yes No
WATER SUPPLY
Reticulated water supply Yes No
Tank supply with QFRS access – 50mm male camlock fitting Yes No
so fire figthers can use water if needed
QFRS accessible external open water supply (dam/pool) Yes No
Firefighting pump and hose connected to water supply Yes No
16
Page 53
Other considerations
There are a range of other things to be considered regardless of your decision to leave early or stay:
Firefighting equipment such as pumps, hoses and sprinkler systems should be tested regularly and
maintained in maximum operational working condition.
Firefighters may need access to your property during a bushfire so it is in your best interests to allow
enough space for fire trucks (4 metres wide by 4 metres high).
Your pets, livestock and other animals require proper care and attention during fires. Consider food,
medication, transportation and sleeping arrangements for your animals.
Myths versus Reality
Myths Reality
There will always be a fire truck available to fight a Firefighters may be required to fight many fronts of a
bushfire threatening my home. large fire. Fire trucks and firefighters are finite resources
so it is important they are deployed in an appropriate
manner to best manage the fire.
I know the back streets in town like the back of my If your decision in your Bushfire Survival Plan is to leave
hand so it is OK for me to leave at the last minute. early, then you should leave well before the fire front
reaches your property. Irrespective of your local area
knowledge you must stick to your plan and leave early.
Leaving late can be fatal.
Someone from an emergency service will knock on Emergency services personnel may not be available to
my door when it is time to leave. alert the community by door-knocking and encouraging
you to leave. You need to monitor the bushfire alerts by
listening to the radio, watching TV or checking the rural
fire website. You need to be ready to leave early if your
life or the people in your care are at risk.
My house will not burn down because there is more Most houses which burn down during bushfires
than 50 metres between my home and nearby bushland. have been attacked by flying embers. Under certain
conditions embers can cause ignitions up to 20kms
in front of the main fire. A combination of your level
of preparation and your home’s construction will
determine the survivability of your home.
I only have to clean my gutters and mow my lawns to Fire requires fuel, heat and oxygen to occur. This means
prepare my property for bushfire. that flames or embers do not necessarily rely solely
on your gutters and lawns for fuel. They might utilise
overhanging trees, woodpiles, old building materials
under the deck or chemicals in the garden shed to
sustain them. Take the time to properly prepare your
1909QFRS0710
whole property, which includes yourself, your house and
your land.
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