Original source · versioned page text
Reference Document - RAL26/0011 (As Published)
NOOSA COUNCIL
REFERENCE DOCUMENT
RAL26/0011
MARCH 2026
Bushfire Hazard
Assessment &
Management Plan
468-472 MCKINNON DRIVE, COOROIBAH, QLD 4565
FOR PETER MCAVOY
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THIS ORIGINAL DOCUMENT HAS BEEN PREPARED BY © THEREFOR GROUP PTY LTD 2026
This document is prepared by Therefor Group Pty Ltd for Peter McAvoy. The document may only be used for the purposes for
which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this
document in any form whatsoever is prohibited. Documented changes have been made as per the Version Control record
below.
Version Control
Revision Author Reviewed / Updated Signed Off Date of Issue
1.0 S. Barr Issued to Client S. Hayes 12.03.2026
Suitably Qualified Person Statement
This BMP has been prepared by Stephen Hayes, a suitably qualified and experienced Bushfire Consultant with over 25 years of
relevant experience in Environmental Management & Bushfire Planning and Design experience in Queensland. Stephen is the
Director of Environment and Principal Bushfire Analyst for Therefor Group Pty Ltd, with AQF level 8 qualifications in Bushfire
Protection and Environmental Science consistent with the requirements for suitably qualified persons as per the SPP State
Planning Policy (SPP) – Natural Hazards, Risk & Resilience – Bushfire (DSDMIP 2019) and the supporting Bushfire Resilient
Communities Technical Reference Guide (QFES, 2019).
According to the SPP SQP minimum standards, Stephen provides extensive demonstrated experience and extensive relevant
industry experience over his 25-year career as a bushfire consultant. This is further supported by his extensive technical skills in
ecological assessment and the application of various GIS platforms. Relevant qualifications in demonstration of Stephens' AQF
Level 8 status are as follows:
▪ Graduate Certificate Bushfire Protection, University of Western Sydney, 2019
▪ Bachelor of Science (Environmental Science) Honours Class 1, University of the Sunshine Coast, 2005
▪ Bachelor of Science (Environmental Science), University of the Sunshine Coast, 2004
▪ Certificate III Applied Environmental Practice - Conservation, TAFE, 2000
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Purpose of the Report ............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.3 Objectives of the Assessment ................................................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Key Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................ 5
1.5 Outline of the Assessment ...................................................................................................................................... 5
2. Site Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Site Location and Characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Site Topography ...................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Geology and Soil ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.4 Current Land Uses ................................................................................................................................................... 6
3. Development Proposal...................................................................................................................... 6
4. Bushfire Regulatory Framework...................................................................................................... 10
4.1 State Planning Policy ............................................................................................................................................ 10
4.2 Local Planning Scheme......................................................................................................................................... 10
4.3 National Construction Code ................................................................................................................................. 10
4.4 Australian Standard 3959:2018 ............................................................................................................................. 11
5. Bushfire Hazard Assessment ........................................................................................................... 12
5.1 Desktop Assessment ............................................................................................................................................. 12
5.2 Reliability Assessment .......................................................................................................................................... 15
6. Risk Assessment .............................................................................................................................. 22
6.1 Nature of Site Activities ......................................................................................................................................... 22
6.2 Fire History ............................................................................................................................................................ 22
6.3 Bushfire Weather & Anticipated Direction of Attack ............................................................................................. 23
6.4 Emergency Response ............................................................................................................................................ 25
6.5 Hazardous Chemicals and Materials..................................................................................................................... 25
6.6 Mobility & Ingress/Egress Capacity ....................................................................................................................... 25
6.7 Bushfire Severity Modelling .................................................................................................................................. 25
6.8 Radiant Heat Exposure.......................................................................................................................................... 26
7. Hazard Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................................ 28
7.9 Minimum Construction Standards........................................................................................................................ 28
7.10 Services ................................................................................................................................................................. 29
7.11 Access Arrangements ............................................................................................................................................ 29
8. Compliance Assessment ................................................................................................................. 29
8.1 Compliance with SPP State Interest Natural Hazards Risk and Resilience – Bushfire Policy Positions .............. 30
8.2 Assessment Against Noosa Plan 2020 Bushfire Overlay Code .............................................................................. 32
9. Summary & Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 38
10. References ....................................................................................................................................... 39
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Table of Figures
Figure 1 - Aerial Image of Study Area .................................................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 2 - Topography of Study Area .................................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 3 - Development Proposal ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 4 – SPP and NP2020 Bushfire Prone Area Mapping ................................................................................................................. 13
Figure 5 - Regional Ecosystems of Study Area .................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 6 - Slope Categorisation of Study Area .................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 7 - Vegetation Hazard Class of Study Area ............................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 8 - Potential Hazard Areas ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
Figure 9 - Predominant Wind Direction (Bureau of Meteorology 2025) ............................................................................................. 24
Figure 10 - BAL Assessment ................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Figure 11 - Bushfire Attack Mechanisms on Houses (DELWP 2017) ................................................................................................... 28
Table of Tables
Table A - QFD PFL according to the converted VHC............................................................................................................................ 15
Table B - Identified Hazard Areas ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
Table C - Potential Bushfire Hazard Classes (adopted from DILGP 2016) ........................................................................................... 16
Table D - Data Sources for PFI Assessment......................................................................................................................................... 16
Table E - HA1 Bushfire Intensity Assessment ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Table F - HA2 Bushfire Intensity Assessment...................................................................................................................................... 17
Table G - HA3 Bushfire Intensity Assessment ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Table H – Event Likelihood Definitions (QFES 2018) .......................................................................................................................... 22
Table I - Predictive Fire Severity Modelling Results............................................................................................................................ 25
Table J - Radiant Heat Flux Modelling (Method 2 - AS3959:2018) ...................................................................................................... 26
Table K - Effects of Radiant Heat Exposure (QFD 2019) ...................................................................................................................... 28
Table L – SPP statements compliance pathway assessment. ............................................................................................................ 30
Table M - Compliance assessment against Assessable Development Benchmarks – NP2020 Bushfire Overlay Code (Table 8.2.3.3)
33
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1. Introduction
1.1 Background
Therefor Group Pty Ltd has been engaged by Peter McAvoy (hereafter referred to as ‘the client’) to prepare a Bushfire
Management Plan (BMP) for a Reconfiguration of Lot (RoL), located at 468-472 McKinnon Drive, Cooroibah, 4565, formally
described as Lot 1 and 2 on SP199340. Lot 1 on SP199340 is included for the purpose of provided access and services via
Easement C on SP199340 to the proposed lots. The subdivision solely relates to Lot 2 on SP199340 (hereafter referred to as the
‘subject site’). The subject site encompasses approximately 3.9 hectares (39,050 m2) and is located within the Noosa Shire
Council (NSC) local government area.
1.2 Purpose of the Report
This Bushfire Hazard Assessment and Management Plan (BMP) has been formulated to identify the potential bushfire risk to the
proposed development and provide associated recommendations to mitigate the adverse effects of the risks identified.
1.3 Objectives of the Assessment
The objectives of this report are:
▪ To identify bushfire hazard constraints associated with the proposed development.
▪ To quantify the bushfire hazard potential of vegetation associated with the site and its surrounds.
▪ To identify and quantify potential site use exposure and risk.
▪ To provide mitigation options to reduce the identified bushfire threat.
▪ To demonstrate compliance with the relevant regulatory framework.
▪ To inform potential site end-users of the threat and management strategies to reduce bushfire threat.
1.4 Key Definitions
The subject site is defined as Lot 2 on SP199340.
The development footprint is the identified area intended to support the Reconfiguration of Lot.
The study area is land located within approximately 150m of the footprint.
The locality is land within an approximate 2km radius of the subject site.
1.5 Outline of the Assessment
This BMP has been structured to provide information consistent with the requirements of the methodologies detailed in
Leonard et al (2014), AS3959:2018 (Standards Australia 2018), Noosa Plan 2020 (NP2020), Natural Hazards, Risks and Resilience –
State Planning Policy State Interest guidance material (DSDMIP 2019) and Bushfire Resilient Communities Technical Reference
Guide for the State Planning Policy State Interest ‘Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience – Bushfire’ (QFD 2019).
The BMP is structured as follows:
• Subject Site environmental setting overview
Assessment
• Description of development proposal
Hazard
• Bushfire Regulatory framework
• Desktop Assessment of bushfire hazard information
• Mapping Reliability Assessment
Management
• Risk Assessment
• Hazard Mitigation Measures
Plan
• Assessment of compliance with regulatory framework
• Recomendations
• Summary
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2. Site Analysis 2.1 Site Location and Characteristics The subject site is located at 468-472 McKinnon Drive, Cooroibah, within the NSC. The site has a total area of approximately 3.9 hectares and is situated 11km west from Noosa Headlands. The site has a private 70m easement that connects directly to McKinnon Drive. The site comprises a residential dwelling in the central extent of the site with associated ancillary structures including a swimming pool and car shed. The site additionally holds horse stables in the central southern extent of the site. The vegetation communities within the subject site comprise regrowth vegetation bordering the site with a regularly maintained grassland and cultivated gardens surrounding the dwelling and driveway. Andam is located in the northeastern extent of the site and connects to a waterway traversing the site in a northeasterly direction. The surrounding locality comprises rural residential uses to the west, facilities to the south, and retained bushland areas to the east and north. The surrounding vegetation is considered as Core Koala Habitat. Figure 1 provides an aerial image of the subject site in the context of the surrounding land uses and physical features. 2.2 Site Topography The topography of study area is broadly described as ‘Gently undulating rises’ (McDonald et al. 1984). The subject site is characterised by a gentle incline from the eastern extent (14m ASL) to the western extent (26m ASL) at the peak. Figure 2 displays the site's topography, as demonstrated by LiDAR-sourced topographic contours at 1m intervals and slope categorisation. 2.3 Geology and Soil The subject site is located within the South-East Queensland Bioregion (Bioregion 12) and features one (1) distinct areas of surface geology. Desktop analysis indicates that the subject site is underlain by Tiaro Coal Measures, classified as (W) (JDT(W)). The dominant surface geology comprises Arenite-Mudrock, primarily consisting of weathered lithopfeldspathic liable and sublabile to quartzose sandstone, siltstone, shale and coal. This geology conforms with the Department of Environment and Science description of Land Zone 5, typically characterised by Tertiary-early Quaternary loamy and sandy plains and plateaus. Based on this Land Zone, the site’s soils are predominantly Tenosols and Kandosols, also minor deep sandy surfaced Sodosols and Chromosols. 2.4 Current Land Uses The subject site is located within the Noosa Shire Council Local Government Area (LGA). Pursuant to the NP2020, the land parcel is zoned as Rural Residential, which is designated for low density residential and rural activities. The surrounding lots are primarily zoned as Rural Residential with Environmental Management and Conservation in the southern extent of the study area. 3. Development Proposal The Development Application is to be made over Lots 1 and 2 on SP199340. Lot 1 on SP199340 is included for the purpose of providing access and services via Easement C on SP199340 to the proposed reconfiguration. The subdivision solely relates to Lot 2 on SP199340. The site contains an existing dwelling house and outbuildings, all which support the existing land use located at 468 Mckinnon Drive, Cooroibah (the adjoining site). Located on the adjoining site is Sunshine Butterflies’ ‘Our Backyard,’ a community facility which provides a range of programs, support services, and activities for those with disabilities. Sunshine Butterflies intend to expand their facilities in response to commercial demand within the Noosa Shire LGA. Reconfiguring the site has been proposed to provide two lots which can facilitate future development and allow Sunshine Butterflies to expand their facilities in response to demand. Refer to Figure 3 to view the Development Proposal. www.thereforgroup.com.au 24-0565E/BF | Sunshine Butterflies | Bushfire Management Plan | 12.03.2026 | Version 1.0 6
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Notes
1. Any licence, express or implied, to use this document for
any purpose whatsoever is restricted to the terms of the
agreement or implied agreement between Therefor Group
Pty Ltd and the instructing party.
2. Design subject to local authority approval & detailed
engineering requirements , areas and dimensions are
approximate only and are subject to survey. Therefore this
drawing is not to be used for engineering design.
3. This note is an integral part of this plan. This plan may not
be reproduced without this notation being included.
DISCLAIMER This design and drawing is subject to Copyright and
intellectual property laws and may not be reproduced for any
purpose without the consent of Therefor Group Pty Ltd. The
information contained within this document is confidential and
recipients of this document are prohibited from disclosing the
information to any person nor be used contrary to the purpose of|
the issue without the written approval of Therefor Group Pty Ltd.
Conceptual plans are intended for discussion purposes only and
will be subject to further detail study, approvals, coordination
and information. Cadastral boundaries, areas and dimensions
within Concept Plans are approximate only, Figured dimensions
shall take preference to scaled dimensions. No relevance should
be placed on this plan for any financial dealings of the land.
Table of Development
Gross area of subject land.
Net area of subject land
Number of proposed lots.
Number of existing lots
.908ha
908ha
2
Final intended use of new lots:
Proposed Lots 1 & 2 are for residential use.
CLIENT
Sunshine
Butterflies Inc.
therefor
GROUP
PROJECT DRAWING NAME
468-472 McKinnon Drive, Plan of Reconfiguration
Cooroibah LOT DESCRIPTION
Lot 2 on SP199340
PROJECT NO, LOCAL GOVERNMENT
24-0565P Noosa Shire
REVISION TABLE
REV DESCRIPTION
A Issue
DRAWING NO. NORTH
DATE 24-0565P-01 at
03-12-2025} SHEET NO. /
lof2 \ /
REVISION |
A
Page 10
4. Bushfire Regulatory Framework 4.1 State Planning Policy In QLD, bushfire legislation and all other development-related regulations are regulated under the Planning Act 2016 (PA), which represents the principal planning instrument governing all planning matters state-wide (DILGP 2017). Under the PA's framework, development regulation is driven by the QLD State Planning Policy (SPP), which identifies matters of state interest (State of Queensland 2017). According to the PA's requirements, all local government entities must incorporate matters of state interest within local government planning instruments. A proposed development within a designated bushfire-prone area is identified in the SPP as a matter of state interest, included under the title 'Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience'. As such, the SPP represents the primary planning instrument, subordinate to the PA, related to bushfire hazard management in QLD. The current SPP identifies a bushfire hazard area as (State of Queensland 2017): An area identified by a local government in its planning scheme as a bushfire hazard area based on a fit-for-purpose bushfire study; or An area designated as a bushfire hazard on the SPP Interactive Mapping System. Given the above definition, both the State and Local Government have the ability under the SPP to identify and map bushfire hazard areas as a development constraint (Leonard et al. 2009). In addition to the material provided in the SPP, the policy is supported by the State Planning Policy Interest Guidance Material (DSDMIP 2019), which includes the State's example bushfire-prone areas code. Where a local government planning instrument has not been prepared under the SPP or where the local planning scheme is not relevant to the application, the ‘example’s code takes precedence to ensure the State interest is addressed appropriately. Both the SPP and the SPP guidance material are supported by the QFD document Bushfire Resilient Communities Technical Reference Guide for the State Planning Policy State Interest ‘Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience – Bushfire’ (QFD 2019) that provides the best practice methods under which to undertake a bushfire hazard assessment in line with the SPP outcomes. Section 5.1 below discusses the State Government’s assessment of bushfire hazard for the subject site. 4.2 Local Planning Scheme Notwithstanding the above, at a functional level, Local Government planning schemes provide the actual development constraints and opportunities within their development codes and zoning considerations. Each LGA has its own interpretation of the SPP guidelines, but all are designed to represent the state interest (where up to date) in this and all state interest matters. This site is subject to the provisions of the Noosa Plan 2020 (NP2020), particularly Section 8.2.3 Bushfire Hazard Overlay Code, which has the primary purpose of managing the potential bushfire risk associated with assessable development appropriately. Section 5.1 below discusses the Local Government's assessment of bushfire hazard for the subject site. 4.3 National Construction Code The National Construction Code 2022 (NCC) establishes primary technical and construction provisions for new buildings within Australia. The code establishes performance-based standards to ensure minimum levels of safety, health, amenity, accessibility, and sustainability in building classifications, in accordance with the purpose for which the structure is designed or intended for use. Part H7 of the NCC defines ancillary provisions and additional construction requirements that operate alongside other parts of the NCC relevant to construction in bushfire-prone areas. The functional statement H7F4 states that a Class 1 building, a Class www.thereforgroup.com.au 24-0565E/BF | Sunshine Butterflies | Bushfire Management Plan | 12.03.2026 | Version 1.0 10
Page 11
10a building, or a deck associated with a Class 1 building constructed in a designated bushfire-prone area must provide
resistance to bushfires to reduce the danger to life and minimise the risk of loss to the building. Performance requirement H7P5
states that a Class 1 building or a Class 10a building or deck associated with a Class 1 building that is constructed in a
designated bushfire-prone area must be designed and constructed to:
▪ reduce the risk of ignition from a design bushfire with an annual exceedance probability of no more than 1:50
years;
▪ take account of the assessed duration and intensity of the fire actions of the design bushfire;
▪ be designed to prevent internal ignition of the building and its contents; and
▪ maintain the structural integrity of the building for the duration of the design bushfire.
The associated deemed to satisfy provision H7D4 to satisfy the NCC states that performance requirement H7P5 is satisfied when
a Class 1 building, or a Class 10a building or a deck associated with a Class 1 building, if it is constructed under:
▪ AS 3959; or
▪ NASH Standard – Steel Framed Construction in Bushfire Areas.
The proposed development outcome would include structures that constitute the following building classes under the NCC:
▪ Class 1a – a single dwelling, such as a detached house or one of a group of attached dwellings, including
townhouses, row houses, or the like.
As such, any Class 1a buildings constructed as a result of the proposed development will be required to conform to Part H7 of
the NCC.
4.4 Australian Standard 3959:2018
Australian Standard (AS) 3959:2018 (Construction of buildings in bushfire-prone areas) requires all new habitable structures
built in a bushfire-prone area to undergo a Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) assessment to determine the appropriate BAL
construction level. It is worth noting that detailed construction methods and materials are beyond the scope of this report, as
these details are typically addressed as part of a detailed building design certified under the Private Building Certification
provisions of the National Construction Code. However, the methods and standards in AS3959:2018 enable a best practice
method of adequately addressing bushfire risk mitigation during the development approval stage.
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5. Bushfire Hazard Assessment
5.1 Desktop Assessment
SPP Bushfire Prone Areas
The QLD SPP recognises the study area as containing two (2) areas of High Potential Bushfire Intensity encompassing
surrounding vegetation to the north, east and west of the subject site. Vegetation south of Mckinnon Drive is nominated as
Medium Potential Bushfire Intensity is located in the southern extent of the study area, three (3) areas of Mediumor High
Potential Bushfire Intensity corresponding to existing bushland areas surround the entirety of the subject site. Mapped High
Bushfire Hazard Area encroaches the northwestern extent of the subject site. The associated Potential Impact Buffer (100m)
encompasses the balance of the subject site and broader study area.
Refer to Figure 4 for an extract of the SPP Bushfire Prone Area mapping for the subject site and surrounding area.
Local Bushfire Hazard Overlay
The NP2020 Bushfire Hazard overlay mapping recognises the study area as containing three (3) areas of Medium and High
Potential Bushfire Intensity. The hazardous vegetation is located adjacent to the subject site to the north, and is located within
the study area to the south, east and west. The Potential Impact Buffer from the identified hazard areas encompasses the
balance of the subject site and broader study area.
It is noted that the spatial extent of the NP2020 Bushfire Hazard overlay aligns with the SPP mapping. The extent of hazard areas
corresponds to the distribution of remnant and non-remnant vegetation communities present within the study area and
surrounding areas at the time of mapping.
Given the conformance of the NP2020 mapping with the state product, refer to Figure 4 for the extent of the overlay mapping
constraints.
Vegetation Community Assessment and Fuel Loads
The Department of Resources (DoR) Regional Ecosystem mapping database was interrogated to determine vegetation
communities that could contribute to the bushfire hazard. The Regional Ecosystem mapping indicates that vegetation in the
south and northwest is classified as Category B remnant vegetation. Vegetation to the east, northeast, and southwest is
classified as Category C regrowth vegetation. The rest of the vegetation on the subject site is non-remnant. The regional
ecosystem descriptions within the study area are as follows:
▪ RE12.5.3 – Eucalyptus racemosa subsp. racemosa woodland on remnant Tertiary surfaces;
▪ RE12.5.2a – Corymbia intermedia, Eucalyptus tereticornis open forest on remnant Tertiary surfaces, usually near
coast and on deep red soils;
▪ RE12.3.4 – Melaleuca quinquenervia, Eucalyptus robusta woodland on coastal alluvium; and
▪ RE12.3.13 – Closed heathland on seasonally waterlogged alluvial plains usually near coast.
It is noted that the regional ecosystem mapping is mapped as RE12.5.3/RE12.5.2a at a ratio of 80/20 and RE12.3.4/RE12.3.13 at a
ratio of 90/10. Given the dominant percentage of the vegetation community is identified as 12.5.3 and 12.3.4 respectively, it is
likely that this communities would have the higher degree of influence on the behaviour of fire front and thus will be use has the
vegetation classifications for the subsequent assessments.
Refer to Figure 5 for a spatial representation of regional ecosystem designations surrounding the subject site.
A review of the Queensland Fire Department (QFD) Vegetation Hazard Class (VHC) Fuel Load table (July 2019) provides an
accepted conversion of RE descriptions to appropriate Vegetation Hazard Class descriptions. It provides the 80th percentile
potential fuel load (PFL) categories for the relevant vegetation community, as replicated in the table below (refer to Table A).
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Page 13
498750.000
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==" Subject Site ‘= Roads and Tracks
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‘Medium Potential Bushfire Intensity
(= High Potential Bushfire Intensity
~~ Potential Impact Buffer
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i DATE REV
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Page 14
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==" Subject Site ‘= Roads and Tracks
| Cadastral
Regional Ecosystems
(=~ Remnant (Endangered)
(== Regrowth (Endangered)
(== Regrowth (Of Concer)
(—— Regrowth (Least Concem)
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CLIENT FIGURE CRS PROJECT NUMBER ©
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GROUP Ecosystems of Study Area OOOO DATE REV
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Page 15
Table A - QFD PFL according to the converted VHC
Potential Fuel Load (t/ha)
RE Code VHC Code VHC Description
S NS E B Total*
Moist to dry eucalypt open
12.5.3 9.1 forests on coastal lowlands 17.50 3.50 2.20 1.00 24.20
and ranges
Moist to dry eucalypt open
12.5.2a 9.1 forests on coastal lowlands 17.50 3.50 2.20 1.00 24.20
and ranges
Melaleuca open forests on
12.3.4 22.1 seasonally inundated lowland 15.40 8.00 3.00 2.00 28.40
coastal swamps
Where S = Surface, NS = Near Surface, E = Elevated, B = Bark
*Total potential fuel load represents understory loads only
Slope Assessment
Analysis of 1m contours obtained for the study area indicates that hazardous vegetation areas identified to the west are located
Upslope from the proposed development. Vegetation to the east is located marginally Downslope of the subject site at a
predominant gradient of 0.0 – 4.9o.
Refer to Figure 6 for a representation of slope categorisation within the study area.
Fire Weather Severity
Following AS3959-2009 S.2.2.2 Table 2.0, Queensland's Regional Fire Danger Index is nominated as FFDI 40. However, a review of
relevant data developed by the Queensland Fire Department (QFD) in conjunction with CSIRO suggests that a regional-specific
FFDI value of 47 is appropriate for the site1. This value anticipates future climate trends to 2050 and a 5% annual exceedance
probability (AEP). As such, using FFDI 47 is considered a conservative approach to this assessment.
5.2 Reliability Assessment
Therefor Group’s bushfire specialists undertook a desktop review of the available resources to ensure the reliability of the
vegetation and subsequent hazard mapping classification. The following sections detail the outcomes of this assessment.
Hazard Area Assessment
All vegetation within the subject site and study area was assessed to identify potential fire hazards to the proposed structures.
As a result, three (3) potential hazard areas with distinct spatial, fuel and topographical characteristics were determined.
Table B below summarises these hazard areas.
All other areas within the study area have been assessed as ‘low threat’ pursuant to the exclusions stipulated in Section 2.2.3.2 of
AS 3959-2018 and have consequently been excluded from the assessment.
As demonstrated in Figure 7, vegetation hazard mapping indicates that areas within the study area meet the following
exclusionary criteria:
▪ Vegetation of any type more than 150 m from the site;
▪ Areas of vegetation less than 1 ha in area, not within 100 m of classified vegetation;
▪ Strips of vegetation less than 50 m in width, not within 20 m of classified vegetation;
▪ Permanently non-vegetated areas (i.e. waterways, exposed beaches, roads, footpaths, buildings), and
▪ Vegetation is regarded as a low threat due to factors such as flammability, moisture content, or fuel load (i.e.,
managed grassland, mangroves, and other saline wetlands, maintained lawns and gardens, agricultural
cropping, maintained public reserves and parklands, and windbreaks).
1
source: Bushfire Resilient Communities Map Viewer https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/61bf89d8f50e4ce3b8f52c8afb4cbeb4/
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Table B - Identified Hazard Areas
Fuel Area Description Location
Area of remnant/regrowth vegetation associated with Marginally Downslope from the development footprint to the
HA1
RE12.5.3. east, south, and southwest.
HA2 Area of remnant vegetation associated with RE12.5.2a. Upslope from the development footprint to the northwest.
HA3 Area of regrowth vegetation associated with RE12.3.4. Upslope from the development footprint to the southwest.
Hazard Area Descriptions
The following section details the individual hazard area. It provides an assessment and verification of the potential bushfire
hazard classification based on a qualitative assessment of fuel characteristics and/or potential fireline intensity (kW/m).
Fireline intensity measures the rate that a fire would consume fuel energy per unit time per unit length of fire front and is based
upon the following equation (following the DILGP 2016 ‘Fit for Purpose' approach):
𝑃𝐹𝐼 = 0.62 𝑃𝐹𝐿2 × 𝐹𝐹𝐷𝐼 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (0.069 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒) (Equation 12)
The resultant fire-line intensity values are then compared with the DILGP 2016 Potential Bushfire Hazard Classes (Table C below)
to transparently assess the potential hazards of the identified areas in the proposed development.
Table C - Potential Bushfire Hazard Classes (adopted from DILGP 2016)
Hazard Class Potential Fireline Intensity
40,000+ kW/m
1. Very High
20,000 – 40,000kW/m
2. High
4,000 – 20,000kW/m
3. Medium
0 – 4,000kW/m
4. Low
Unless otherwise detailed, Table D provides the references adopted for this assessment.
Table D - Data Sources for PFI Assessment
Variable Reference
Vegetation Hazard Class (VHC) (QFD 2018)
Potential Fuel Load (PFL) (QFD 2018)
Slope (o) (QLD Spatial Data (1m contours))
Fire Weather Intensity (FFDI) (QFD 2013; Leonard et al 2014)
2
Where PFI = Potential Fire Line Intensity (kW/m), PFL = Potential Fuel Load (tonnes/ha), FFDI = Fire Weather Severity and Slope = Maximum
Slope (o)
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Hazard Area 1 (HA1) Hazard Area One (HA1) is represented by mapped remnant vegetation to the south and mapped regrowth vegetation to the northeast, south and southwest of the subject site. It is mapped as RE12.5.3/RE12.5.2a at a ratio of 80/20. Given the dominant percentage of the vegetation community is identified as 12.5.3 it is likely that this community would have the higher degree of influence on the behaviour of f ire front. As such, this assessment will adopt the 12.5.3 vegetation classification for HA1, described as Eucalyptus racemosa subsp. racemosa woodland on remnant Tertiary surfaces. HA1 covers a combined area of approximately 60,900m2 and is located marginally downslope from the subject site. Field assessment confirmed that the vegetation community within HA1 contains floristic characteristics representative of RE12.5.3. The canopy layer for this RE is dominantly composed of Eucalyptus racemosa and Melaleuca quinquenervia with a dense shrub layer of Casuarina sp. and regrowth Eucalyptus sp. The vegetation located south of the subject site and vegetation associated with the waterway corridor is currently classified as a "medium" potential bushfire intensity under the NP2020 and SPP Bushfire Prone Area Overlay, whilst the remaining vegetation within HA1 is classified as "high" potential bushfire intensity. Based on the observed floral and structural characteristics, this assessment has adopted the corresponding fuel loads associated with VHC 9.1 Moist to dry eucalypt open forests on coastal lowlands and ranges with a slope of 1.25° applied calculated from 1m LIDAR contours. HA1 has been treated as a distinct hazard area due to its combination of unique slope classification and RE which differs from surrounding hazard areas and influences fire spread differently. Table E below provides an assessment of the potential fire-line intensity of HA1 following Equation 1. Table E - HA1 Bushfire Intensity Assessment Fuel Area VHC PFL (t/ha) Slope (o) FFDI PFI (kW/m) Hazard Class HA1 9.1 24.2 1.25 47 18,604 MEDIUM The table above shows that HA1 is considered a Medium hazard area and does not conform with the classification detailed in the local and state hazard mapping with different spatial configuration, likely due to updated aerial imagery and regional ecosystem mapping. Hazard Area 2 (HA2) Hazard Area Two (HA2) is mapped remnant vegetation classified as RE12.5.2a, described as Corymbia intermedia, Eucalyptus tereticornis woodland on remnant Tertiary surfaces. It occupies approximately 26,600m2 situated in the northeast of the study area, and is located upslope of the subject site. Field observations confirm floristic features matching RE12.5.2a. The canopy consists mainly of a co-dominance of and this vegetation is mapped as “high" potential bushfire intensity under the NP2020 and SPP Bushfire Prone Area Mapping. The canopy layer for this RE is dominantly composed of Corymbia intermedia and Eucalyptus tereticornis with shrub layer of various Casuarina sp and Eucalyptus regrowth with isolated occurrences of introduced species such as Syagrus romanzoffiana and Schefflera actinophylla. The vegetation is currently classified as a "high" potential bushfire intensity under the NP2020 and SPP Bushfire Prone Area Overlay. Fuel loads associated with VHC 9.1 Moist to dry eucalypt open forests on coastal lowlands and ranges have been applied to this area with aslope of 1° concurrent with “upslope” categorisation as defined in AS3959:2018. Table F below provides an assessment of the potential fire-line intensity of HA2 following Equation 1. Table F - HA2 Bushfire Intensity Assessment Fuel Area VHC PFL (t/ha) Slope (o) FFDI PFI (kW/m) Hazard Class HA1 9.1 24.2 1.0 47 18,286 MEDIUM The table above shows that HA1 is considered a Medium hazard area and does not conform with the classification detailed in the local and state hazard mapping with different classification and spatial configuration, likely due to slope catergorisation and updated regional ecosystem mapping. www.thereforgroup.com.au 24-0565E/BF | Sunshine Butterflies | Bushfire Management Plan | 12.03.2026 | Version 1.0 17
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Hazard Area 3 (HA3) Hazard Area Three (HA3) is represented by mapped remanent vegetation to the south and mapped regrowth vegetation to the south and southwest. It is mapped as RE12.3.4/RE12.3.13 at a ratio of 90/10. As such, this assessment will use the vegetation classification if 12.3.4 for HA1, described as Melaleuca quinquenervia, Eucalyptus robusta woodland on coastal alluvium. HA3 covers an area of approximately 5,610m2 and is located upslope from the subject site. Surveys identified vegetation within HA3 consistent with RE12.3.4. Dominant species in the canopy include Melaleuca quinquenervia with occurrences of various Eucalyptus sp. The vegetation is mapped as “high" potential bushfire intensity under the NP2020 and SPP Bushfire Prone Area Mapping. Fuel load assumptions were based on the assigned VHC 22.1 Melaleuca open forests on seasonally inundated lowland coastal swamps. The slope of 1° has been applied to the hazard area since the fire spreads more slowly downhill, with flames reaching less unburnt fuel (i.e. upslope as defined under AS3959:2018). HA3 has been defined as a separate hazard area due to its differing VHC which affects fire intensity and increases PFI value. Table G below provides an assessment of the potential fire-line intensity of HA3 following Equation 1. Table G - HA3 Bushfire Intensity Assessment Fuel Area VHC PFL (t/ha) Slope (o) FFDI PFI (kW/m) Hazard Class HA3 22.1 28.4 1.0 47 25,184 HIGH The table above shows that HA3 is considered a High hazard area. It conforms with the classification detailed in the local and state hazard mapping, albeit in a different spatial configuration. Refer to Figure 8 for a representation of the hazard areas identified above. www.thereforgroup.com.au 24-0565E/BF | Sunshine Butterflies | Bushfire Management Plan | 12.03.2026 | Version 1.0 18
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498750.000 499000.000 499250,000 499500.000 | | I | 7083000.000 | 000'000E802 eceey 000'0S27802 2 s 2 3 a x g es S R LEGEND == 150m Buffer Area ==) Subject Site — Plan of Reconfiguration ~~} Roads and Tracks Cadastral 9.9- 14.9 14.9- 19.9 YS Sat. NARS 498750.000 499000.000 499250.000 499500.000 7082500.000 | 000°00S7802 CRS PROJECT NUMBER CLIENT FIGURE YA there for Mr. Peter McAvoy FIGURE SIX - Study Area Slope MGA2020 24-0565E/BF GROUP Categories ONE 56d TN 2006 >BO
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498750.000 499000.000 499250.000 499500.000 | ; - . | 1) ID and, NSP? Casi 150m Buffer Area Vegetation Hazard Class E== Subject Site (‘Melaleuca open forests on seasonally inundated lowland coastal swamps —— Plan of Reconfiguration << Roads and Tracks Cadastral 7083000.000 [==] Moist to dry eucalypt open forests on coastal lowlands and ranges 7082750.000 | 000°0S27802 2 x S S S @ s a i -3 o S a 2 So S S RK So I 498750.000 499000.000 499250.000 499500.000 CLIENT FIGURE PROJECT NUMBER © therefor Mr. Peter McAvoy FIGURE SEVEN - Vegetation 24-0565E/BF DATE REV UTM GROUP Hazard Classes ZONE 56J 12.02.2026 A
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7083090.000 7082750.000 2 8 2 s Ss a 3 S R 498750.000 i” 498740,000 therefor GROUP nd 4 ~ CLIENT Mr. Peter McAvoy 499000.000 499000.000 FIGURE FIGURE EIGHT - Filtered Potential Hazard Areas ee LEGEND ==) 150m Buffer Area Hazard Areas ==) Subject Site (| HIGH — Plan of Reconfiguration == MEDIUM <<} Roads and Tracks Oe, 499250.000 499250.000 uT™ ZONE 56J 499590.000 499500.000 PROJECT NUMBER 24-0565E/BF DATE 12.02.2026
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6. Risk Assessment
This risk assessment has been undertaken as a qualitative assessment of the potential risks posed by an anticipated bushfire
hazard following the assessment in Section 5. Specific risks are a function of the overall expected likelihood, vulnerability, and
consequence levels.
Based on the recommendations of the National Land Use Planning Guidelines for Disaster Resilient Communities (Planning
Institute of Australia 2015) and the Disaster Resilient Communities (Australian Institute for Disaster Resilience 2020) risks may be
categorised as:
▪ Acceptable
▪ Tolerable; or
▪ Intolerable
These principles are adopted as the
framework to identify appropriate responses,
identifying land use and development that
should not occur as well as land use and
development that may occur in certain
circumstances or with certain mitigation
measures in place. This framework has been adopted within the following risk assessment.
6.1 Nature of Site Activities
The application seeks approval for a Reconfiguration of a Lot. The activities associated with the proposed subdivision layout are
anticipated to be consistent with typical residential land use. No specific activities are likely to be undertaken to present an
increased bushfire hazard beyond what is generally expected in the pre-developed scenario. However, it is acknowledged that
fire incidents can be proportionate to the population density and land uses of any given area. Given this, the proposed
development may result in:
• Accidental ignition of fire within adjoining vegetation as a result of general use of the development (e.g. cigarette
disposal);
• Un-controlled construction activities resulting in accidental ignition of adjoining vegetation; and
• Potential arson-related activities outside the site, not associated with the development, that result in bushland
ignition.
Conversely, there is potential for a reduction in in bushfire occurrence associated with developing the subject site. The presence
of in the area will increase the detectability of potential ignition within the study area, allowing for a more rapid emergency
response to be enlisted.
The risk associated with the proposed land use and the nature of associated activities would be considered tolerable with
appropriate mitigation strategies and development design considerations applied.
6.2 Fire History
To assess past bushfire activity within the locality, aerial imagery and historical records of fire scars between 2012 and 2024
have been reviewed.
A bushfire event was recorded in 2013 and 2019 within a 2km radius of the subject site. Limited information regarding the fire’s
cause, extent, or conditions is available. It is noted that seven (7) years have passed since the recorded event with no further
documented occurrences in the locality.
The recurrence of fire at this frequency can be interpreted utilising the QERMF that provides a method to interpolate fire
frequency into a likelihood rating of a wildfire occurring. The following table is replicated from the QERMF handbook.
Table H – Event Likelihood Definitions (QFES 2018)
Historical Likelihood Likelihood Level Definition
Has occurred 3 or more times in the last year or Almost certain to occur in most cases.
Almost Certain
at least each year over the last 5 years.
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Has occurred twice in the last 5 years. Likely Likely chance of occurring in most cases.
Has occurred twice in the last 10 years. Possible Might occur in most cases.
May occur, and has occurred once in the past 20 Not expected to occur in most cases.
Unlikely
years.
May only occur in exceptional circumstances or Will only occur in exceptional circumstances and has
has occurred only once in the last 50 years or Rare not occurred in most cases.
more.
As can be inferred from Table H above, the recurrence interval of wildfires (based on available data) suggests a possible
likelihood of wildfire outbreak that will only occur in exceptional circumstances.
Despite this historical event, the following factors indicate that the risk remains tolerable:
▪ The absence of recorded bushfire activity over the past seven years suggests that fire occurrence in the locality is
low/moderate and as detailed corresponds to a likelihood rating of outbreak that will only occur in exceptional
circumstances. In itself a likelihood rating of this scale could be interpreted as a tolerable risk.
▪ The presence of rural residential lots and managed landscapes within the surrounding area reduces available fuel
and potential fire spread.
▪ The site benefits from surrounding road networks and cleared areas, which can act as natural firebreaks and
facilitate rapid emergency response.
▪ Proposed bushfire mitigation measures within Section 7 will ensure that bushfire risk is managed to an tolerable
level by meeting the adequate construction standards and setbacks outlined in AS3959-2018.
Based on the available data and risk assessment, the likelihood of future bushfire occurrence remains low/moderate, and the
overall bushfire risk to the proposed development is considered tolerable.
6.3 Bushfire Weather & Anticipated Direction of Attack
Observed wind patterns within the subject locality indicate that southerlies are the prevailing wind direction based on data
from the nearest weather station (Tewantin), approximately 5.9km southeast from the subject site).
Historical data over five years indicates that southerly winds is observed most frequently (18.14%) within the locality. During
bushfire season (November average), typical wind speed and direction are observed as light northerlies (10.42%). Figure 9
displays the five-year average wind speed and direction observed at Tewantin station annually and during peak fire season.
During peak bushfire season, predominant northerly wind patterns are expected to drive a potential fire front within hazardous
vegetation in a southern direction. As such, smoke and ember attacks would likely be directed towards the subject site. The lack
of predominant westerly winds in the region during the summer months is expected to reduce the potential for increased
temperatures and decreasing humidity, thereby limiting substantial alterations in FFDI and reducing potential ‘out-of-ordinary’
fire weather conditions. This assessment has adopted an FFDI of 47, which is appropriate and conservative.
Given this analysis, the hazard areas relative to the proposed reconfiguration would be considered a tolerable risk where the
development maintains an adequate setback from hazardous vegetation and the threat of smoke and ember attacks is suitably
mitigated.
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Figure 9 - Predominant Wind Direction (Bureau of Meteorology 2025) www.thereforgroup.com.au 24-0565E/BF | Sunshine Butterflies | Bushfire Management Plan | 12.03.2026 | Version 1.0 24
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6.4 Emergency Response
The nearest fire station to the subject site is the Tewantin Fire & Rescue Station, located at 2 Hilton Esplanade, Tewantin QLD
4565, approximately 6.8 km via the fastest route. Under normal traffic conditions, the estimated travel time for emergency
response is 8 minutes.
Based on modelled fire characteristics (refer to Table I), a fire front within HA1 is projected to advance at approximately 24.8 m
per minute, HA2 at 24.3 m per minute, and HA3 at 28.6 m per minute. With the estimated fire response time of 8 minutes, the
greatest potential for the front to advance is 229 m before emergency services arrive, assuming resources are available. Whilst
not optimal for supporting extended first attack suppression, the configuration of the hazardous vegetation unit would not
support a fully engaged fire immediately, so the predicted rate of spread is considered conservative. The actual rate of spread
would be initially reduced, providing the first response with a greater opportunity for first-attack suppression. Additionally, the
maintained rural residential areas surrounding the subject site acting as a buffer to future structures would slow the fire spread
rate and dampen radiant heat from an advancing fire front, providing additional time for the first response.
As such, it would be considered a tolerable risk concerning the proximity of emergency services.
6.5 Hazardous Chemicals and Materials
The proposed development does not propose potential land uses that would be likely to store, use or handle dangerous goods
above the threshold quantities specified in Table 15.1 of Schedule 15 of the Work Health and Safety Regulation.
6.6 Mobility & Ingress/Egress Capacity
The proposed lots will utilise an existing access easement (Refer to Emt C SP199340) located from the southwestern extent of
the site and connecting directly to McKinnon Drive. The proposed reconfiguration will additionally feature a proposed access
easement in the southwest corner of the site to provide direct access to the existing ingress and egress point.
The development is expected to marginally increase the number of vehicles using the existing and proposed access easements
and site access. Within the context of the proposed application and existing surrounding land uses, the ingress and egress
points are considered to present a tolerable risk for future end users.
Concerning emergency service vehicle manoeuvrability, the existing access arrangements is considered to achieve an
acceptable outcome for emergency vehicle access. These easements are designed to ensure adequate access and
manoeuvrability for emergency vehicles.
6.7 Bushfire Severity Modelling
To anticipate and assess the potential severity of a bushfire attack from hazardous vegetation, the predetermined variables for
vegetation characteristics, slope values, and relative fuel loads have been used to model key fire parameters, which are detailed
in Table I below. It is noted that only confirmed hazard areas have been included within fire severity modelling.
Table I - Predictive Fire Severity Modelling Results
Hazard Area 1 Fire Scenario
FFDI – 47; PFL – 24.2 t/ha; Slope – 1.25o; Veg – Forest
Parameter Results Reference
Fire Intensity 18,604 kW/m (Byram 1959)
Rate of Spread 1.49 km/h (Macarthur 1973; Noble et al. 1980)
Flame Length 12.57 m (Noble et al. 1980)
Flame Width 100 m (AS3959:2018)
Hazard Area 2 Fire Scenario
FFDI – 47; PFL – 24.2 t/ha; Slope – 1o; Veg – Forest
Parameter Results Reference
Fire Intensity 18,286 kW/m (Byram 1959)
Rate of Spread 1.46 km/h (Macarthur 1973; Noble et al. 1980)
Flame Length 12.4 m (Noble et al. 1980)
Flame Width 100 m (AS3959:2018)
Hazard Area 3 Fire Scenario
FFDI – 47; PFL – 28.4 t/ha; Slope – 1o; Veg – Forest
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Parameter Results Reference
Fire Intensity 25,184 kW/m (Byram 1959)
Rate of Spread 1.72 km/h (Macarthur 1973; Noble et al. 1980)
Flame Length 14.56 m (Noble et al. 1980)
Flame Width 100 m (AS3959:2018)
6.8 Radiant Heat Exposure
Radiant heat flux measures the heat energy emitted from a firefront. It influences the potential for structures to ignite and
determines appropriate setbacks from hazardous vegetation. Site-specific fire modelling, undertaken following Method 2 of
AS3959:2018 and the Bushfire Resilient Communities Technical Reference Guide (QFD 2019), has been conducted to predict the
radiant heat flux from identified hazardous vegetation areas.
The results of this modelling inform the required separation distances between the development and the bushfire hazard to
mitigate exposure to radiant heat. Radiant heat flux is also used to determine Bushfire Attack Levels (BAL), which specify
construction requirements under AS3959:2018.
The following table (refer to Table J below) provides the results of radiant heat flux modelling and associated minimum setback
distances from HA1, HA2 and HA3. These results are represented spatially in Figure 10. It is noted that a Flame Temperature of
1200oK has been adopted in the analysis to reflect the recommendations provided by QFD in the Bushfire Resilient Communities
Guidance Material (QFD 2019).
Table J - Radiant Heat Flux Modelling (Method 2 - AS3959:2018)
Distance from Hazardous Vegetation
Radiant Heat
HA1 HA2 HA3
Flame Zone 0 m - < 14.9m 0 m - < 14.7 m 0 m - < 17.1 m
40 kW/m2 14.9 m - < 20 m 14.7 m - < 19.8 m 17.1 m - < 22.8 m
29 kW/m2 20 m - < 28.7 m 19.8 m - < 28.4 m 22.8 m - < 32.4 m
19 kW/m2 28.7 m - <39.7 m 28.4 m - < 39.3 m 32.4 m - < 44.2 m
12.5 kW/m2 39.7 m - < 46.5 m 39.3 m - < 46.1 m 44.2 m - < 51.5 m
10 kW/m2 46.5 m – 100 m 46.1 m – 100 m 51.5 m – 100 m
Based on the above radiant heat estimates, a greater risk profile can be interpolated for the new lots proposed to hold
residential dwellings. It can been seen in Figure 12, the northern boundary of the subject site is exposed to heat greater than
40kW/m2. The northern extent of the proposed southern lot is exposed to radiant heat no greater than 10kW/m2, with the
balance being located outside of bushfire prone area.
Given the estimated heat exposure, the potential risk to life and property can be managed through appropriate mitigation
strategies to achieve a tolerable risk outcome. The proposal demonstrates that bushfire hazards can be mitigated to acceptable
levels. Therefore, the site is considered suitable for development. Appropriate treatments to further reduce the risk associated
with the hazard are discussed in Section 7 below.
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HAL BAL-LOW onto \-BAL-Low \ BAL-Low 1. I t I i BAL-12:5' 2 n N = af gs ce cea ao mo | i I i | | 1 al | Z| 1 ee fo Low ia | aor It = a I ¢ Loge i law too Flot ey H Sales i Ce er} tor i Hh *T ° te a ial ie a! 3 RY i Sm} I =z] \ aa 1g ma 1 th \\ Le VN \ Sao) 2)" / 1, ow st tigk i Pe t ier I toe I Por 1 I I I ° ° ¥ 4 a = = a a : \ \ e \ B\ FIGURE 10 - BAL ASSESSMENT Sunshine Butterflies, 468-472 McKinnon Drive, Cooroibah Noosa Shire Council LEGEND 150m Buffer Area [= =) Subject Site [== Plan of Reconfiguration ——— Roads and Tracks > Cadastral Hazard Areas HIGH MEDIUM BAL Contours BAL-LOW BAL-10 ——--—~ BAL-12.5 BAL-19 BAL-29 —--—- BAL40 —---- CLIENT Peter McAvoy DRAWING NO. CRS PROJECTION 24-0565E/BF MGA2020 DATE DRAWN UTM ZONE 12.02.2026 Zone 56 0 15 30 45 60 75m therefor GROUP
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7. Hazard Mitigation Measures
Bushfire hazard mitigation requires an integrated approach of various best practices and mutually supportive protective
measures to protect against bushfire attacks. The following sections provide an integrated approach for the proposed
development to minimise risk to people and property and ensure that development is compatible with the level of bushfire
hazard present within the study area following State and Local policies. Figure 11 below details the various attack mechanisms
posed by bushfire hazards.
Figure 11 - Bushfire Attack Mechanisms on Houses (DELWP 2017)
7.9 Minimum Construction Standards
Based on the fire modelling undertaken per Method 2 of AS3959:2018 (as detailed in Section 6.8), The southern lot is exposed to
a maximum radiant heat level of under 10 kW/m² predominantly from HA1. As such, any future dwelling built within this area is
recommended to be constructed a minimum construction standards of BAL12.5 as per AS3959:2018. Any dwelling built outside
of the BAL10 contour does not require to be built to a minimum construction standard as the resultant distance from HA1
supplies adequate mitigation. Thus, the southern lot can achieve a tolerable level of bushfire, and protect from indirect impacts
of wildfire in HA1 or HA2 (i.e. smoke, ash, ember and burning debris attack mechanisms).
Table K - Effects of Radiant Heat Exposure (QFD 2019)
Radiant Heat
Flux (kW/m2) Potential Effects
Greater than 40 ▪ Unpiloted ignition of timber walls and fences
▪ Direct flame contact likely
▪ Extreme levels of radiant heat
29-40 ▪ Failure to toughened glass
▪ Direct flame contact is possible
▪ Extreme levels of radiant heat
▪ Unpiloted ignition of some timber species after prolonged exposure (e.g. several minutes)
19 ▪ Failure to screened float glass
16 ▪ Blistering of skin with > 5 seconds exposure
12.5 ▪ Failure to plain glass
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▪ Piloted ignition of dry timber elements after prolonged exposure (e.g. several minutes)
10 ▪ Fabrics inside a building could ignite spontaneously with long exposure
▪ Critical limit for emergency services - firefighters cannot operate
▪ Life threatening with < 1 minute exposure in protective clothing
7 ▪ Fatal to an unprotective person after exposure for several minutes
4.7 ▪ Firefighter in protective clothing will feel pain (60 seconds exposure)
3 ▪ Firefighters can operate for a short period (10 minutes)
2 ▪ Pain is felt on bare skin after 1 minute exposure (non-fatal)
▪ Firefighters with protective clothing can withstand this exposure for a few minutes. However, they are likely to
experience a rise in core body temperature
1 ▪ Maximum for indefinite skin exposure
0.5 ▪ Direct sunlight at noon on a bright sunny day
7.10 Services
The proposed development will be connected to a reticulated water supply that as standard provides a minimum of 22kPa at
the point of connection. However, it is anticipated that water supply is unable to meet the requirements stipulated in the QFD
Fire Hydrant and Vehicle Access Guidelines (2019) and AS 2419.1:2017 Fire Hydrant Installations Part 1: System Design, Installation,
and Commissioning Appendix B.
As such, the dwelling constructed within the southern lot is to include a dedicated fire-fighting water storage to protect from
potential bushfire hazards. This is to be in the form of either a swimming pool or water tank available for firefighting purposes
with an onsite water volume of not less than 5,000 litres. if a water tanks is utilised, it must include a water supply outlet pipe 50
millimetres in diameter fitted with a standard fire brigade fitting.
Electricity, gas, and water supply infrastructure is recommended to be subsurface where feasible and will be specified during
the detailed design phase of the project.
7.11 Access Arrangements
Access to the development will be facilitated via ingress and egress through a pre-existing access easement connecting to
McKinnon Drive. The access arrangement is considered adequate for mitigating potential risks associated with ingress and
egress to what is considered tolerable. The current access easement is compliant with the relevant design standards stipulated
within the Noosa Standard Drawings. The easement dimensions and configuration have been designed to accommodate the
manoeuvring capacity of emergency service vehicles.
Given the above, the current access arrangements within the proposed development are considered appropriate to provide safe
vehicular ingress and egress, demonstrating a tolerable risk outcome associated with the mobility and manoeuvrability of
future residents and emergency service personnel.
8. Compliance Assessment
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The proposed development is constrained by the SPP Bushfire Prone Areas Overlay code and NSP2020 overlay code; compliance
against the code assessment tables is required.
8.1 Compliance with SPP State Interest Natural Hazards Risk and Resilience – Bushfire
Policy Positions
Compliance with SPP State Interest Natural Hazards Risk and Resilience – Bushfire Policy Positions
The following table provides compliance assessment against the SPP State Interest Natural Hazards Risk and Resilience –
Bushfire policy statements and also provides compliance pathways to the associated SPP Guidance material (2021) and the
Technical Reference Guideline to the SPP Bushfire Resilient Communities all of which hold specific requirements in the ability for
development of a local government instrument to be representative of the state interest. It is considered that demonstrating the
proposed development’s compliance with the specific requirements of these policy documents a surrogate for demonstrating
that the SPP policy positions can be achieved.
Table L – SPP statements compliance pathway assessment.
Technical Reference
Compliance pathway
SPP 2017 SPP Guidance 2021 Guide
Policy 1 – COMPLIES
Mapping is robust and Bushfire Prone Areas are identified.
locally relevant. Desktop interrogation of current State and
▪ As a minimum the local mapping identified medium and high
▪ In the first instance use State- state-wide mapping potential hazard areas encompassing the
Policy 1 –
wide Mapping product should be applied, and subject site. The potential impact buffer is
Bushfire
local government mapped over majority of the subject site
Prone Areas ▪ Locally verify the mapping where
should refine the state- with the southern extent of the site located
to be resources permit
wide mapping using outside of bushfire prone area. This report
identified
the process outlines in has provided a reliability assessment and
the technical reference identified potential bushfire prone areas on
guide. the site and provides site specific locally
verified mapping.
Policy 2 –
A fit for purpose risk
assessment informs plan
making or amendments to
achieve an acceptable or
tolerable level of risk to
people and property in BPA.
Policy 2 – ▪ A risk assessment COMPLIES
The risk assessment to be consistent
A Fit- For- should be undertaken This Bushfire Hazard Assessment and
with AS/NZS ISO 31000:2018 Risk
Purpose risk when making or Management Plan has provided a Fit-For-
Assessment Principles and Guidelines
assessment amending a planning Purpose risk assessment in alignment with
is undertaken scheme. IS:31000:2018 principles.
▪ A local government
may provide
applicants with the
ability to locally verify
mapping.
Policy 3-
Not relevant
to the NA NA NA
Bushfire
State Interest
Policy 4 – ▪ The outputs of the risk Policy 4 – COMPLIES
Development assessment should inform the The Planning Scheme or Policy 4 compliance can be achieved with
avoids the drafting of the strategic amendments following a the adoption of the principle of risk
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natural framework and assessment risk assessment are based avoidance, risk minimisation and risk
hazard area, requirements based on avoiding on the principle of mitigation.
and where it the risk in the first instance and avoidance as the first Total avoidance of the hazard is not
is not where it cannot be avoided, priority, and then mitigation practicable given the application’s
possible to achieving an acceptable or of the risk to an acceptable connection to existing surrounding land
avoid tolerable level of risk for both or tolerable level uses. However, this report has assessed
mitigates the existing and new development. identified potential bushfire prone areas
risk to an and deemed the bushfire risk to proposed
▪ Growth and/or the intensification
acceptable or lots and structures as tolerable with the
of development in mapped
tolerable implementation of mitigation measures
higher risk BPA should be avoided
level. outlined within Section 7 of this BMP.
unless appropriate controls are
implemented.
▪ Key planning responses mitigate Policy 4 –
impact from sources of bushfire Disaster management
attack including subdivision capacity and capabilities are
Policy 4 –
layout with adequate access, maintained to mitigate the
Disaster management capacity and
includes low fuel areas to reduce risks to people and property
capabilities are maintained to mitigate the
radiant heat exposure and to an acceptable and
risks to people and property to an
Policy 5 – landscape design / ongoing tolerable level.
acceptable and tolerable level. In the
Development vegetation management to Policy 5-
context of the proposed subdivision, the
in natural reduce fuel loads and structure. Lot and neighbourhood
reconfiguration depicts a designated access
hazard areas layout and design mitigates
▪ Disaster management capacity is easement which facilitates direct access to
supports and the risks to people and
not compromised as a result of serviced public roads and provide
does not property to an acceptable
inadequate access for emergency adequate space for firefighter in the event
hinder and tolerable level.
services, inadequate water of an emergency, effectively mitigation the
disaster Policy 6-
supply, provides alternative safe bushfire risk to a tolerable level.
management Vulnerable Uses are not
access/egress and provides Policy 5-
capacity and located in BPA unless there
opportunity to establish control Best practice bushfire mitigation urban
capability, is an overwhelming
lines for hazard reduction and design principles have been adopted with
avoids community need for the
back burning operations. As such, what can generally be described providing
increase in development of a new or
provisions in RaL and other codes a minimum separation distance between
exposure or expanded service and there
should consider the above. hazard vegetation and new structures to
severity of is no suitable alternative
ensure radiant heat level don’t exceed
the hazard, ▪ Vulnerable uses are specified and location, and site planning
29kW/m2. As such, it is considered that
avoids risk to policy position regarding can adequately mitigate the
adequate design principles have been
public safety vulnerable uses to be articulated risk.
included to mitigate the risks to people and
and with avoidance in BPA unless Policy 7-
property to an acceptable and tolerable
environment overriding need and lack of ither Revegetation and
level.
from storage suitable location is justified. rehabilitation avoids an
Policy 6 and 7- Not applicable. No
of hazardous Levels of assessment should increase in the exposure or
vulnerable uses have been identified and
materials and reflect the policy position in severity of bushfire hazard
no proposed rehabilitation is inclusive in
their release regard to vulnerable uses. Policy 8-
the design.
and Development does not
▪ Revegetation and rehabilitation Policy 8-
maintains the locate buildings or
for proposed developments do Storage of dangerous goods and / or
protective structures used for the
not result in increased area of hazardous materials in quantities that
function of storage or manufacture of
BPA or an increase in exposure to would represent a risk are not proposed.
landforms materials that are hazardous
bushfire intensity. Policy 9 –
and in the context of a bushfire
The protective function of vegetation
vegetation ▪ Hazardous materials in the within a bushfire prone are
arrangements that can mitigate bushfire
that can context of bushfire exposure are unless there is no suitable
risk are maintained. Detailed design
mitigate risk identified and locating alternative location.
applications are to include
development associated with the Policy 9 –
recommendations to limit the potential of
production or storage of such The protective function of
site landscaping increasing ignition risk.
materials avoids BPA. Such vegetation arrangements
developments should be that can mitigate bushfire
classified as code or impact risk are maintained.
assessable and be linked to
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relevant assessment
benchmarks.
▪ As part of development Bushfire
Management Plans are required
for the maintenance of asset
protection zones.
▪ Planning Scheme Provisions to
meet the required development
conditions of SPP 2017 are
provided which a local
government may choose to adopt
or adapt.
The above compliance assessment demonstrates that the proposed subdivision complies with the SPP policy positions in
regard to providing development resilience within bushfire prone areas..
8.2 Assessment Against Noosa Plan 2020 Bushfire Overlay Code
Compliance with the NP2020 Bushfire overlay code has been assessed against the relevant performance and acceptable
outcomes. Table M provides a detailed compliance assessment, demonstrating how the proposed development aligns with the
code’s requirements to manage bushfire risk effectively.
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Table M - Compliance assessment against Assessable Development Benchmarks – NP2020 Bushfire Overlay Code (Table 8.2.3.3)
Performance outcomes Acceptable outcomes Comments
Safety of people and property
PO1 AO1.1 AO1.1-1.2 - Complies
Development maintains the safety of people and property from the Development which will materially increase the number of people living or This report has assessed the bushfire hazard risk from hazardous
adverse impacts of bushfire congregating on premises, including reconfiguring a lot, is not located vegetation within the subject site and study area, concluding that the
within a medium or high bushfire hazard area. proposed reconfiguration is partially located within the potential
impact buffer area and will marginally increase the number of people
AO1.2
living on the premises / newly created land parcel. Minimum setback
Development maximises setbacks from hazardous vegetation to achieve an requirements have been identified to ensure any dwelling located
acceptable risk. within proposed Lot 2 achieves a tolerable level of bushfire hazard risk
(i.e. BAL29 minimum and outside of a medium or high bushfire hazard
area) that can be achieve through relevant mitigation measures and/or
dwelling siting outside of the potential impact buffer noting that
adequate land area is available on proposed Lot 2 conforming with this
recommendation. Accordingly, AO1.1 and AO1.2 can be achieved.
Impacts on Ecologically Important Areas
PO2 No acceptable outcome provided PO2 - Complies
Bushfire mitigation measures do not adversely impact on: No bushfire mitigation measures proposed the interference or impact
to vegetation, thus preserving the biodiversity values and long term
a. biodiversity values, connectivity and ecosystem functioning;
physical integrity of waterways, wetland connectivity and ecosystem
and
functioning and complying with PO2.
b. the long term physical integrity of waterways, wetland and
areas of native vegetation.
Water Supply for Fire Fighting Purposes
PO3 AO3.1 AO3.2
Premises are connected to the reticulated water supply.
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Performance outcomes Acceptable outcomes Comments
Development provides an adequate water supply for fire fighting purpose The dwelling within the southern lot is to install dedicated fire-fighting
which is reliable, safely located and freely accessible. OR water storage (I.e. swimming pool or water tank) that will be available
AO3.2 solely for fire-fighting purposes. Fittings are to be constructed to
Where there is no available reticulated water supply, the premises has: assure access to relevant fire-fighting vehicles.
a. an accessible dam, swimming pool or water tank available for
fire fighting purposes with an onsite water volume of not less
than 5,000 litres; and
b. a water supply outlet pipe 50 millimetres in diameter fitted with
a standard fire brigade fitting connected to the water supply
(other than where the water supply is in a swimming pool or
dam).
Essential Community Infrastructure
PO4 AO4.1 Not Applicable
Essential community infrastructure is able to function effectively during Development involving essential community infrastructure is not located No facilities are proposed as this stage of the application, thus AO4.1-
and immediately after bushfire events. within a medium or high bushfire hazard area. 4.2 is not applicable as it is unknown whether essential community
infrastructure will be included in the detail design phase.
OR
AO4.2
Where located in a medium or high bushfire hazard area, development
involving essential community infrastructure is designed to function
effectively during and after a bushfire event in accordance with a Bushfire
Hazard Management Plan.
Hazardous Materials
PO5 AO5 Not Applicable
Public safety and the environment are not adversely affected by the Hazardous materials are not manufactured or stored in bulk in a bushfire The proposed land use on the newly created land parcel does not
impacts of bushfire on hazardous materials manufacturing or storing in hazard area. involve hazardous materials.
bulk.
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Performance outcomes Acceptable outcomes Comments
Access and Evacuation Routes
PO5 AO6.1 AO6.3-6.5
Roads provide for easy and safe evacuation of residents of premises and The road layout provides for through-roads and avoids cul-de-sacs and The easement to facilitate access to the southern is currently
access by emergency services. dead-end roads. configured as a dead end, however this is due to no current
road/driveway networks being proposed at this stage of development.
OR
Future internal road networks are to ensures adequate turnaround
AO6.2 access and egress/ingress at all times for emergency vehicles and
personnel to comply with AO6.
The development has a perimeter road reserve with a minimum width of 20
metres and maximum gradient of 12.5%.
OR
AO6.3
Cul-de-sacs or no-through roads are provided with fire trails
or access easements, which are capable of being navigated by conventional
vehicles and which link to through roads.
AO6.4
Safe access and egress is available at all times to all of the development for
emergency vehicles and personnel.
AO6.5
Where an emergency access point is required, it complies with the
relevant works codes and PSP6 Engineering Design Standards.
Lot design
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Performance outcomes Acceptable outcomes Comments
PO7 AO7 PO7
Lot design and building siting minimises bushfire hazard risk to people Each residential lot: No building envelopes or internal road networks are nominated at this
and property. stage of the application. As such, future internal road networks within
a. includes a building envelope, identified on a plan of subdivision;
the lot must provide a layout that is of sufficient size and shape to
b. is of sufficient size and shape to allow for efficient emergency allow for efficient emergency access to buildings for fire fighting
access to buildings for fire fighting appliances (e.g. by avoiding appliances to minimises bushfire hazard risk to people and property.
battle-axe/hatchet lots and long narrow lots with long access Additionally, mitigation measures within this report include the
driveways to buildings); nomination of required setbacks to achieve a BAL29 outcome for any
future dwellings. As such, the current application demonstrates
c. where more than 2500m2, achieves setbacks from hazardous compliance with PO7.
vegetation in line with Bushfire Attack Level 29 requirements as
per AS3959; and
d. is designed so that buildings and structures are sited in locations
of lowest hazard within the lot and elements of the development
least susceptible to fire are closest to the fire hazard.
Firebreaks and fire access tracks
PO8 AO8.1 Not Applicable
Firebreaks and fire access tracks provide: Where development involves the creation of a new road and lots, No firebreaks or fire access trials are proposed nor required within the
a firebreak is provided by providing a cleared road reserve not less than 20 application.
a. adequate access for fire fighting and other emergency vehicles;
metres wide and maximum gradient of 12.5% around the perimeter of the
and
subdivision, between the created lots and surrounding vegetated lands.
b. adequate access for the evacuation of residents and emergency
OR
personnel in an emergency situation.
AO8.2
Fire access tracks are provided between the created lots and surrounding
vegetated land that:
a. have a cleared minimum width of 6 metres;
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Performance outcomes Acceptable outcomes Comments
b. have a maximum gradient of 12.5%;
c. provide unbroken access for fire fighting vehicles;
d. provide passing bays and turning areas;
e. are located within an access easement that is granted in favour
of Noosa Council and the Queensland Fire and Rescue Service.
AO8.3
Bushfire management measures are carried out on the subject property
and not any adjoining property.
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9. Summary & Recommendations
All vegetation providing a potential bushfire risk within 150m of the site has been identified, and the proposed development's
risk-based factors have been assessed. The dominant bushfire hazards associated with the development are represented by
three (3) vegetation areas encompassing the subject site. This assessment calculated the potential fireline intensity for these
three hazard areas, relative to the development, as a medium and high bushfire intensity level.
The proposed development has been assessed against the SPP State Interest Natural Hazards Risk and Resilience – Bushfire
policy statements and the Noosa Plan 2020 Bushfire Overlay Code. To achieve compliance with the relevant provisions, this
Bushfire Management Plan (BMP) provides recommendations to mitigate potential risks to within tolerable levels, including:
▪ Future dwellings constructed within the proposed southern lot to be built to a minimum construction standard of
BAL12.5 compliant with AS3959:2018 if located within the BAL10 contour. If a dwelling is located wholly outside
of the BAL10 contour, then no minimum construction standard is required.
▪ Internal road network within the southern lot must be configured to ensures adequate turnaround access and
egress/ingress at all times for emergency vehicles and personnel.
▪ The installation of a dedicated fire-fighting water storage constructed to the acceptable outcomes outlined within
the NP2020 Bushfire Hazard Overlay code.
▪ Maintain safe and efficient ingress/egress routes for emergency services and site occupants during a bushfire.
The nomination of acceptable minimum construction standards and additional mitigation measures outlined above
demonstrate compliance with the SPP State Interest Guidance Material for Bushfire and the Noosa Plan 2020 Bushfire Hazard
Overlay Code.
As such, we recommend that the proposed development be approved for managing the site-specific bushfire hazard, subject to
the recommendations contained in this assessment.
Please do not hesitate to contact us should you have any queries regarding the content of this assessment.
Yours sincerely,
Author: Reviewer:
Shan-Ying Barr Steve Hayes
BSc(Env) Hons GradCertBfireProt ESA MEIANZ
BSc(Env)
Senior Bushfire Analyst
Environmental Consultant
Therefor Group Pty Ltd
Therefor Group
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10. References
Cova, T. 2005. Public Safety in the Urban-Wildland Interface: Should Fire-Prone Communities Have a Maximum Occupancy?
Natural Hazards Review, issue 6.
Department of Environment and Science (DES) 2021. Regional Ecosystem Description Database Version 12. State of Queensland.
Hines F., Tolhurst K.G., Wilson A. AG., McCarthy G. J. 2010. Overall fuel hazard assessment guide – 4th edn. Victorian government
department of sustainability and environment, Melbourne.
Leonard, J., Newnham, G., Opie, K. & Blanchi, R., 2014. A new methodology for state-wide mapping of bushfire prone areas in
Queensland. CSIRO, Australia.
Transport and Main Roads, 2011. Cost-benefit Analysis manual- Section 2 Volume capacity ratio. First edition. State of
Queensland.
Leonard, J and Opie, K. 2017. Estimating the potential bushfire hazard of vegetation patches and corridors. CSIRO.
https//publications.csiro.au/rpr/pub?pid=csiro:EP167343
National Construction Code (NCC) 2022, Building Code of Australia (Volumes 1 and 2), National Construction Code incorporating
Amendment 1 (from 1 May 2025), Australian Building Codes Board, Canberra
Queensland Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning (DILGP) 2016, Queensland State Planning Policy
Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience Technical Manual – A ‘fit for purpose’ approach in undertaking natural hazards
studies and risk assessments, April 2016
Queensland Department of State Development, Manufacturing, Infrastructure and Planning (DSDMIP) 2019, Natural Hazards,
Risk and Resilience – Bushfire Stare Planning Policy – State Interest Guidance Material. December 2019
Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads (DTMR) 2013, Road Planning and Design Manual – 2nd Edition, 2013
Queensland Fire Department (QFD) 2019. Bushfire resilient communities – Technical reference guide for the state planning
policy state interest ‘Natural Hazards, Risk and Resilience – Bushfire’. State of Queensland, Brisbane.
Queensland Fire Department (QFD) 2019, Fire Hydrant and Vehicle Access Guidelines, State of Queensland, Brisbane.
Queensland Reconstruction Authority (QRA) 2020, Bushfire Resilient Building Guidance for Queensland Homes, July 2020
Standards Australia 2018, Construction of buildings in bushfire prone areas, AS 3959-2009, amended 2011, Standards Australia,
Sydney
Standards Australia 2021, Fire hydrant installations – System design, AS 2419.1-2021, Standards Australia, Sydney
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