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Appendix F - bushfire attack level assessment report · MCU25/0022
BUSHFIRE ATTACK LEVEL ASSESSMENT
Lot 6 on RP216727
193 Sankeys Road, Federal
Client Reference: 008.02.23
Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 1
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DISCLAIMER
The following report is made on the basis of the assessment undertaken at this location by Bushfire Risk Reducers in
February 2023.
Whilst Bushfire Risk Reducers uses its best endeavors to ensure that the information contained in this report is valid
and comprehensive, the company makes no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability,
completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and disclaims all responsibility and all liability (including
without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages (including indirect or consequential
damage) and costs which might be incurred as a result of the data being inaccurate or incomplete in any way and
for any reason.
Should the Client have any concerns arising from this report or its content, they are requested to contact Bushfire
Risk Reducers directly.
REPORT AUTHOR
Alistair Hill
Director - Bushfire Risk Reducers
FPAA BPAD - Level 3 Certified Practitioner
Certification Number: BPD-PA-19034
M] 0438 994465
T] 07 46366367
F] 07 46366383
W] www.bushfire.biz
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Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 2
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DOCUMENT CONTROL Bushfire Attack Level Assessment Client: Mr A. Whittaker Client Reference: 008.02.23 Project: Class 1a building Site Location: 193 Sankeys Road, Federal Version Date Status Changes Author Approver Rev 0 21.02.2023 Final Report AH AH Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 3
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Contents
1.0 Introduction 5
2.0 Site and Development Description 5
2.1 Property Description 5
2.2 Proposed Development 5
2.3 Site Location and Layout 6
3.0 Bushfire Hazard Assessment 8
3.1 Bushfire Hazard Classification 8
3.2 Vegetation Assessment, Slope and Separation Distances from Proposed Development 9
3.3 Fuel Accumulation Assessment 10
4.0 Site Constraints and Environmental Values which may limit mitigation options 11
4.1 Fire History and Frequency 12
5.0 Specific Risk Factors Associated with the Development Proposal 13
5.1 Nature of activities anticipated on site 13
5.2 Numbers of people likely to be present 13
6.0 Nature and Severity of Potential Attack 13
6.1 Bushfire Season and Weather 13
6.2 Anticipated Direction of Bushfire Attack 14
6.3 Anticipated Severity of Attack 15
7.0 Bushfire Protection Measures in Combination 17
7.1 Building Construction and Design 17
7.2 Asset Protection Zones and Landscaping 18
8.0 Recommendations 19
9.0 Summary 20
10.0 References 20
Appendix 1 – Native species of lower combustibility 21
Appendix 2 – Template for Residents Bushfire Emergency Management Plans 32
Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 4
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1.0 Introduction This report has been commissioned by Mr Adam Whittaker, in planning for the proposed construction of a Class 1 building on Lot 6 on RP216727 (the “Subject Lot”). Noosa Council (NC) bushfire hazard overlay mapping classifies part of the Subject Lot as “bushfire prone area” (BPA) including the location of the dwelling. The hazard mapping is based on Queensland Government State Planning Policy (December 2013, latest version December 2019) accompanied by A new methodology for State-wide mapping of bushfire prone areas in Queensland (CSIRO 2014). The designation by Council of land being “bushfire prone” invokes the Building Code of Australia (BCA), requiring compliance with its bushfire related functional performance objectives and with AS3959-2018 Construction of buildings in bushfire prone areas providing “Deemed to Satisfy” construction solutions. The scope of this requested assessment relates solely to BAL determination for construction, and not to all the other considerations which would make up a comprehensive Bushfire Management Plan. This assessment serves to determine the Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) requirement for the proposed building under AS3959-2018. 2.0 Site and Development Description 2.1 Property Description Site ID: Lot 6 on RP216727 Current address of property: 193 Sankeys Road, Federal, QLD 4568. Local Government Area: Noosa Shire Council. Total Area: 60 414m² (approx) Zoning: Rural 2.2 Proposed Development The proposed development intends to construct a Class I building in close proximity to unmanaged forest vegetation on an effective down slope of 14˚. This assessment serves to establish the relevant construction level under AS3959-2018 in conjunction with minimum prescribed setbacks. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 5
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2.3 Site Location and Layout Figure 1. Broader Area showing the location of the proposed development. Located close to the western side of Sankeys Road, the building site abuts unmanaged low forest vegetation dominated by Acacia spp with numerous Camphor Laurels, some notophyll vine forest species and a thick Lantana sp midstorey. The adjacent Lot to the south has a cleared open space parallel to the Lot boundary. The Subject Lot owner has the ability to reduce the BAL rating for the dwelling by clearing and thinning to create an effective setback of at least 25m for the dwelling. The site is within approximately 12km of the nearest full time Queensland Fire and Emergency Services location (Pomona Fire Station), with local rural fire brigades also likely responders, with a response time dependent on volunteers to turn out. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 6
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Figure 2. Proposed building location. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 7
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3.0 Bushfire Hazard Assessment 3.1 Bushfire hazard classification Figure 3. Council and State bushfire hazard mapping “Bushfire Prone Area” (BPA) is defined under Section 7 of Building Regulation 2021 and the BCA as an area identified as such by Local Government , in this case using the methodology specified in A new methodology for State-wide mapping of bushfire prone areas in Queensland (CSIRO 2014). The BCA calls up AS3959-2018 as providing “Deemed to Satisfy” construction levels for Class 1, 2 and 3 buildings and associated Class 10a structures constructed in bushfire prone areas. AS3959-2018 specifies building implications within 100m of designated bushfire prone land, or more strictly speaking, within 100m of intact, classified vegetation (50m in the case of grassland). This BMP establishes Bushfire Attack Levels (BALs) for proposed buildings, comparing Methods 1 and 2 under AS3959-2018. The remainder of Section 3 establishes the potential fuel loads and slopes for the site, carried forward to Section 6, which validates the closest hazard as supporting “Medium” potential bushfire intensity”, between 4 000 – 20 000kW/m of fireline. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 8
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3.2 Vegetation Assessment, Slope and Separation Distances from Proposed
Development
Figure 3 shows the slope and fuel area combinations for main fire scenario for the site.
Figure 4. Main intact vegetation area related the proposed development. Solid arrows indicate main
directions of attack, dotted arrows as embers.
The vegetation type in terms of AS3959-2018 is “Forest”. Effective slope under vegetation is taken as 14°
down slope. Site slope is taken as 10˚ down slope.
Section 6 objectively calculates and determines the potential nature and severity of bushfire attack more
thoroughly. This serves as a basis for determining the construction and other bushfire protection measures
outlined in this BAL Assessment.
Fuel values attributed under Method 2 of AS3959-2018 are State default values as required under AS3959-
2018, however field assessments were undertaken as a check of Regional Ecosystem and long-post-fire fuel
loads using the Overall Fuel Hazard Assessment - DSE Victoria (Oct 2010).
Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 9
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3.3 Fuel Accumulation Assessment – Forest south west
Figure 5. Fuel Accumulation Assessment – Forest south west
Fuel hazard estimate Assessment according to Hines et al 2010
Date: 15th February 2023
Layer Rating Description / Comments Equivalent fuel
load
t/ha
Surface and near surface Moderate Moderate litter bed 20mm with moderate NS fuels as 10 - 11
Urochloa sp shaded out. Edge effect Panicum sp.
Elevated High Canopy recruiters, Lantana sp, Acacia spp, Syncarpia sp. 3-4
Brush against vegetation most of the time.
Bark Low Barks smooth or tightly held - low bark hazard 0
Camphorum sp, Acacia spp.
Overall rating High 13 - 15t/ha
Table 1. Fuel Assessment - Forest south west
Vegetation to the south west is representative of mapped Regional Ecosystem (RE) 12.11.3, Vegetation
Hazard Class 9.2, particularly as far as available fuel load is concerned. The default total available fuel load
values attributed by State Government to Vegetation Hazard Class 9.3 is 17.2t/ha, 14.9t/ha of which is
surface and near surface fuel, and these values have been applied to site specific fire modelling as required
under Method 2 of AS3959-2018, in Section 6.3 of this Assessment.
Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 10
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4.0 Site constraints and environmental values which may limit mitigation options Figure 6. Regional Ecosystem (RE) Mapping Figure 6 shows the location of the proposed development in relation to vegetation mapped by the Queensland Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy (DNRME) as remnant and as significant regional ecosystems. Site assessment supports the classification of the closest vegetation as being a combination of RE 12.11.10 and RE 12.11.3, but predominantly the latter, and proposes the fuel values established in Section 3 for use in fire modelling undertaken in Section 6. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 11
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DNRME provides the following Description and recommended fire guidelines for the vegetation communities
present.
Regional Ecosystem Description Fire Guidelines
Open-forest generally with Eucalyptus SEASON: Summer to winter.
RE 12.11.3 siderophloia and E. propinqua +/- E.
Of Least microcorys, Lophostemon confertus, INTENSITY: Plan for low to moderate. Unplanned occasional
Corymbia intermedia, E. biturbinata,
Concern E. acmenoides, E. tereticornis, E.
high intensity wildfire will occur.
moluccana, Angophora leiocarpa,
INTERVAL: 4-8 years maintains a healthy grassy system. 8-20
Syncarpia verecunda with vine forest
years for shrubby elements of understorey.
species and E. grandis or E. saligna in
gullies. Eucalyptus pilularis and E.
tindaliae sometimes present e.g. mid STRATEGY: Aim for 40-60% mosaic burn. Needs disturbance
D'Aguilar Range, Conondale Range. to maintain RE structure (eucalypt overstorey with open
Occurs predominantly on hills and understorey of predominantly non-rainforest species). Any
ranges of Palaeozoic and older moist sclerophyll that is relatively open with a mixture of
moderately to strongly deformed and grasses and shrubs should be a priority for fire management
metamorphosed sediments and to retain RE structure.
interbedded volcanics
ISSUES: Frequent fire is needed to maintain understorey
Vegetation Hazard Class (VHC) 9.2 integrity, keeping more mesic species low in the profile of
17.2t/ha Total Available Fuel Load the understorey so that other species can compete. A grassy
(State Default Value) system is especially important for species such as the eastern
bristlebird and its habitat. It is essential that wildfires are not
the sole source of fire in this ecosystem. High intensity fires
occur periodically through time, however frequent low to
moderate intensity fires will create the disturbance required
to keep the understorey diverse. A follow-up burn soon after
a high intensity wildfire can be considered to reduce
germinating mesic species. This 'of concern' RE may contain a
high number of rare and threatened plant species (e.g.,
Acomis acoma, Corchorus cunninghamii, Marsdenia coronata
and Sophora fraseri) which require appropriate fire
management.
Table 2. Regional Ecosystem Description and Fire Guidelines
This assessment is not based on any assumptions regarding prescribed burning with temporary hazard
reduction benefits; and has to be based on fuel levels reaching a long term maximum stable state, coinciding
with ignition under worst case foreseeable fire weather conditions.
4.1 Fire History and Frequency
This study found no evidence of fire in the area. Occurrence of fire is anticipated, potentially coinciding with
full potential fuel accumulation and worst case fire weather conditions.
Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 12
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5.0 Specific risk factors associated with the development proposal 5.1 Nature of activities anticipated on site Normal residential activities are anticipated to occur in the area. The number of fire incidents expected by QFES varies in direct proportion to the numbers of people present. The proposed development does not add significantly to the number of people living in the area or likely to cause ignition. 5.2 Numbers of people likely to be present Up to 1 - 2 residents are generally expected to be present on the Subject Lot, depending on time of day and timing of holidays. The proposed development does not add significantly to the number of people living in the area or potentially exposed to the small possibility of unplanned fire. 6.0 Nature and Severity of Potential Bushfire Attack 6.1 Bushfire season and Fire Weather The “typical fire season” in this area peaks between September and November. The predominant winds in the area are south easterly, however during the fire season, hot gusty westerlies of over 30 kph can be expected, with Relative Humidity falling to 15% and less. Temperatures on these days can climb over 35⁰C , and for two or three days a year, fire weather conditions equivalent to FDI levels of around 50 can be anticipated. (Note that this is in contrast to the value of 40 which Queensland is currently using in the recently revised AS3959 - 2018). Figure 7. State Government revised FDI values to FDI 46 for the area involved. (QFES Catalyst, 2023). Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 13
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6.2 Anticipated direction of bushfire attack The potential direction of attack is shown in Figure 4. The probability of attack at some time is regarded as likely, with the hazard partially aligned with the direction of worst case fire weather conditions for the region, these being westerly to north westerly. Section 6.3 models the scenario of fire occurring under FDI 46 conditions. Bushfire attack comes in a number of forms: direct flame, radiant heat, embers, smoke and wind. Research shows that over 80% of houses lost to bushfire in Australia can be attributed to ember attack, within 100m of bushland. Figure 8. Main Bushfire Attack mechanisms (Image courtesy of Ramsay & Rudolf, 2003) Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 14
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6.3 Anticipated severity of bushfire attack
The fuel values from Section 3 are applied along with the other inputs for calculating design fire parameters,
summarised in Table 3 below.
Fire Scenario Forest South west Fire Scenario Forest South west
Method 2 AS3959-2018 Method 1 AS3959-2018
FDI 46 FDI 40
[email protected]/17.2t/ha. Forest
Effective Slope under vegetation 14⁰ Down Effective Slope under vegetation >10 - 15˚ Down
Fire Intensity (Byram, 1959)
19 204kW/m (”MEDIUM”)
Rate of Spread (Noble et al, 1980)
2.16kph
Flame Height (modified Mc Arthur V equation,
NSW RFS 2001) 16.1m
Flame Width 100m
Elevation of Receiver 2.4m
BAL FZ within 13m of intact unmanaged BAL FZ within 19m of intact unmanaged
vegetation vegetation
BAL 40 from 13 - <17m BAL 40 from 19 - <25m
BAL 29 from 17 - <25m BAL 29 from 25 - <36m
BAL 19 from 25 - <35m BAL 19 from 36 - <49m
BAL 12.5 from 35 – 100m BAL 12.5 from 49 – 100m
Table 3. Calculated values for potential bushfire characteristics, and methods used.
Site specific fire modelling by Method 2 under AS3959-2018 predicts a worst case fire scenario that is less severe
than Method 1 under this Standard, despite applying a more robust value for FDI.
Projected fireline intensity is approximately 19 204 KW/m, equating to “MEDIUM” as indicated under latest
State and Council bushfire hazard mapping. The assessment validates classification of the area as BPA with
required compliance against AS3959-2018.
The Radiant Heat Flux curves for this design fire are plotted in Figure 9.
Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 15
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Figure 9. Radiant Heat Flux Predicted by Methods 1 and 2 under AS3959 - 2018. With a minimum setback of 25m from intact and unmanaged vegetation downslope, BAL 19 construction under AS3959-2018 is shown to be viable. Any Class 10a structure built within 6m of the dwelling shall be constructed in accordance with this Standard. The significance of the radiant heat flux levels discussed is shown below in Table 4. Table 4. Significance of various RHF levels (Source: NSW RFS, 2006) Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 16
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7.0 Bushfire Protection Measures in Combination Figure 10. Bushfire Planning Measures in Combination (Source: NSW RFS, 2006) Figure 10, taken from Planning for Bushfire Protection (NSW Rural Fire Service, 2006) illustrates that there are other factors and measures which need to be integrated to mutually support one another to provide protection against bushfire. Simply removing the hazard (bushland) is one possible way of removing risk to life and property, but this approach is hardly desirable. The safety of life and property can be achieved whilst retaining the natural amenity and value of bushland areas, provided these integrated bushfire protection measures are applied. 7.1 Building Construction and Design With a minimum setback of 25m from intact and unmanaged vegetation downslope, BAL 19 construction under AS3959-2018 is shown to be viable. Any Class 10a structure built within 6m of the dwelling shall be constructed in accordance with this Standard. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 17
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7.2 Asset Protection Zones and Landscaping Figure 11. Components of an Asset Protection Zone (APZ) Asset protection zones provide the most strategically valuable defense against radiant heat and flame, and to a lesser extent embers. The relationship between radiant heat level and distance is not linear, as shown in Figure 9. The function of the Inner Protection Area (IPA) is to distance the Asset from Flame and Radiant Heat. The Outer Protection Area (OPA) separates ground fuels from canopy fuels, causing canopy fires to collapse and become ground fires. A minimum of 25m downslope of the dwelling shall be constructed and maintained as IPA. The IPA should be maintained as free as possible of available fuel, through short mowing of grass and removal of fine flammable debris. Plants retained in or introduced into the IPA should be selected based on low combustibility, by virtue of high moisture content, low volatile oil content, high leaf mineral levels, large fleshy leaves, absence of shedding bark. Plant arrangement is just as important as low combustibility. Plants should be placed so as to not provide either vertical or horizontal connectedness of plant material. Appendix 1 provides examples of less hazardous plant species. Combustible vegetation shall not be allowed to come into contact with combustible parts of buildings. Trees shall not be allowed to directly overhang roof lines. The OPA should be maintained with low and minimal ground fuels, free of understorey or mid storey, and with separation of around 2 - 5m between tree canopies. In this instance the APZ for the structures shall be maintained as IPA. Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 18
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8.0 Recommendations
1. The Class 1 building shall be constructed to a minimum of BAL 19 (Sections 3 and 6) under AS3959-
2018.
Any other Class 10a structure built within 6m of the proposed residence shall also be constructed in
accordance with this Standard.
2. A minimum of 25m downslope of the dwelling shall be constructed and maintained as IPA, as
described in Section 7.2.
3. Water supply for the development will be dependent on harvested and stored rainwater. Lot owners
should note Council’s requirement that minimum of 10 000litres of water shall be held, dedicated
solely for fire fighting purposes, in a non-combustible tank, located within the Inner Protection Area
of the house. This water reserve shall be made accessible to Emergency Services via a hardstand
within 6m of a 50mm ball valve and male camlock couplings. (Emergency services suction lines are of
limited length).
It is acceptable to use the same tank, though in order to guarantee water is available for firefighting,
a separate outlet point is recommended as shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12. Separate outlet/takeoff points if using the same tank
It is recommended that the water reserve shall be serviced by a petrol or diesel fire pump, (or an
electrical pump with backup generator power in case of mains power supply failure) enabling the
wetting down of the area and defense of the property by the resident if present at the time.
Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 19
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Figure 13. Fire pump may be portable, or fixed in position, so long as it is protected as the fire
front passes.
4. Lot owners are aware of the existence of this assessment and their responsibilities outlined within it,
in particular construction, asset protection zone and emergency management. This BAL Assessment
does not constitute a comprehensive Bushfire Management Plan.
9.0 Summary
The area of “hazard” faced by the proposed development is not great, but the likelihood of wildfire at some
time is regarded as possible or even likely. Risk mitigation measures should extend beyond construction
(which is the main focus of this BAL Assessment).
Along with adequate water supply and emergency management arrangements, compliant construction under
AS3959-2018 and APZs to reduce the exposure of life and property to bushfire, these combined measures
assist prepare residents for the possibility of fire in the area.
10.0 References
ABCB (2016), Building Code of Australia, Australian Building Codes Board, Canberra.
Building Regulation (2006), Queensland Government, Queensland.
Environmental Protection Act (1994), Queensland Government, Queensland.
Hines, F., Tolhurst, K.G., & Wilson, A.A.G., (2010) Overall Fuel Hazard Assessment - Research Report No. 82 4th Edition, DSE Victoria.
Queensland Government Department of Local Government and Planning (May 2003), State Planning Policy 01/03, Queensland.
Queensland Government Department of Local Government and Planning (December 2019), State Planning Policy – Natural hazards,
risk and resilience - Bushfire, Queensland.
Queensland Government Department of Local Government and Planning (October 2019), Bushfire Resilient Communities – Technical
Reference Guide for the State Planning Policy “ Natural hazards, risk and resilience - Bushfire, Queensland.
Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 20
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Leonard, J., Newnham, G., Opie, K., and Blanchi, R. (2014), A new methodology for State-wide mapping of bushfire prone areas in Queensland, CSIRO, Australia. Noosa Shire Council (2020), Noosa Plan, NSC, Queensland. NSW Rural Fire Service (2006), Planning for Bushfire Protection, NSW. Planning Act (2016), Queensland Government, Queensland. Ramsay, C. and Rudolph, L. (2003), Landscape and Building Design for Bushfire Areas, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria. Standards Australia (2005), AS 2419.1– 2005, Fire hydrant installations – System design, installation and commissioning, Sydney, NSW. Standards Australia (2002), AS 1596 The storage and handling of LP Gas, Sydney, NSW. Standards Australia (2018), AS 3959 – 2018, Construction of buildings in bushfire-prone areas, Sydney, NSW. Vegetation Management Act (1999), Queensland Government, Queensland. Webster, J. (2000), The Complete Bushfire Safety Book, Random House Australia, NSW. Appendix 1 Less combustible native plants list Source: Bowden, J (1999) Report compiled by Bushfire Risk Reducers for Mr A. Wittaker, February 2023 Page 21
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Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
Commelinaceae
Aneilema acuminatum Aneilema HGc
Aneilema biflorum (-)
un Us Sa
Aneilema HGc l..Jn
Us Sa
Commelina cyanea Scurvy Plant HGc 1m Us Op
Pollia crispata Snake Weed HGc 1m
~10 Pollia macrophylla Large Snake Weed HGc un
Us Sa
Us Sa
Dioscoraceae
Form: S = Shrub; T = Tree; V = Vine; H = Herb; Gc = Ground cover; eO = epyphytic Orchid;
Dioscorea transversa Native Yam V l..Jn
eF = epyphytic Fern; tF = terrestrial Fern. Us Sa
Lillaceae
Bulbine bulbosa (-) BulbineLily H LmSI Oa
Dianella brevipedunculata Blue Flax Lily H l..Jn
Comments: Wb = suitable for windbreak/fire barrier; Ad = suitable as addition to windbreak/fire barrier 11II11I111 UsOaSa
Dianella caerulea Blue Flax Lily H l..Jn
I
as main species; Us = suitable for understory of windbreak/fire barrier; Oa = suitable for open areas near 111111 Us OaSa
Dianella revoluta Flax Lily l..Jn
Sa = suitable for sheltered areas near house; Pf = suitable if protected from direct flames; De = DecidlllllHI III H Us Oa Sa
Drymophila moorei (-) Orange Berry H l..Jn
winter, in flower or in dry periods Us Sa
Tripladenia cunninghamii Bush Lily H 1m Us Sa
Orchidaceae
Dendrobium gracilicau.le Spotted Orchid eO 1m Sa
Fire-Retardant Plants for Small Gardens Dendrobium X gracillimum Natural Hybrid eO 1m Sa
Dendrobium monophyllum Lily of the Valley
Orchid eO 1m Sa
Dendrobium schoeninim
(D. beckleri) Pencil Orchid eO .l..Jn
Sa
Dendrobium speciosum King Orchid eO 1m Sa
Dendrobium teret~folium Bridal Veil Orchid eO l..Jn
Zamaceae Sa
Dendrobium tetragonum Spider Orchid eO
Lepidozamia peroffskyana Shining Burrawang l..Jn Us Sa
un Sa
Macrozamia lucida Pineapple Zamia 1m Us Sa Philesiaceae
Macrozamia miquelii Wild Pineapple l..Jn Us Oa Sa Eustrephus latifolius Wombat Berry V 1m Us Oa Sa
Geitonoplesium cymosum Scrambling Lily V 1m Us Sa
Agavaceae
Cordy/ine petiolaris Broad-leaf Palm Lily 1m Us Sa Philydraceae
Cordyline rubra Red-fruit Palm Lily 1m Us Sa Philydrum lanuginosum Frogsmouth aH LmSI Oa Wet arcas
Cordy/ine strica Slender Palm Lily lm Us Sa
Smilacaceae
Smilax glycophy//a Sweet Sarsparilla V Ul1 Us Sa
Amaryllidaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae
Crinum pedu.ncu.latum River Lily I-I LmSI Us Oa Sa Lomandra confertifolia Mat Rush H 1m Oa
Lomandra hystrix Creek Mat Rush H
Doryalllhes palmeri (-) Spear Lily H un Sl Us Oa Sa 1m Us Sa
Lomandra longifolia Long-leaf Mat Rush H
Proiphys cunninghamii Brisbane Lily H LmSI Us Sa 1m Us Oa Sa
Lomandra flliformis Fine-leaf Mat Rush H 1m Oa
Lomandra multiflora Many-flower Mat
Araceae
Rush H l..Jn
Alocasia brisbanensis Cunjevoi H 1m Us Sa Oa
Lomandra spicata Mountain Mat Rush H l..Jn
Gymnostachys anceps Settlers Flax H un Us Sa Us Oa Sa
Pothos longipes Pothos V 1m Us Sa
Zingiberaceae
Typhoniwn brownii Stinking Lily H 1m Us Sa Alpinia arundeliana Wild Ginger H
Alpinia coerulea
un Us Sa
Native Ginger H un
Arecaceae Us Sa
Linospadix monostachya Walking Stick Palm P lm Us Sa
Page 23
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aeaorjnuedure)
Le) Ss BISSRD JOATIS (-) Saploisnwajin visspd
aevaovouldyesaes)
BS kO SA wy A Aynvag Jo 1omog. Sapiounusol pasopung
RS FO SN wy A youl ‘ds mon ppunquoyf pasopung
avaonuOUsig
ws sq wy A vioydoyAy, Jeoj-uryy, pipnaiupd = psoydojky,
es sn wy A SULA AINA A102, poydyja auownoas
es sq wy A SULA {IAL Jopusys pqgopisuo] viuaps.iny
es sq wy A JMOL] XCM sypusno vkopy
avaoepeidapsy
eg sn wy A OUI,
Sulmpaig puowyory psouadapid piyrojoIsiy
eg sq wy A our, odig viagnd -ffp ds viysojoisiuy
aRadBIYIO]O}SLAY
eg sq ur] Ss ysng eueurg inboovpuvd
pupjuowanu.saqny,
Bs sn wy A podyrg aearaq, DULID)Y] DISUOSD
es sq wy A podyfig jeoy-moueny pyD]JaINUa} DISUOS.1Dg
eg s wy § _ PISOIYOQ UsaYyINog (-) 1a400W pIS0Ly9Q
eg sq. wy s YysnqyyyA (-) Mamod puitadsosian
wSeO SQ wy S ysng queuing DIDAO DSSLID
ws sn wy Ss any urey, pyofiasns vixkiy
araonudoody
eg sn wy 29 H vomAuueg vsoyjaaipad ajkjoz0.pa yy
eg sn wy oH womAuusg pqopunav ajkjoo0.1pspy
OQ wy oH yomAuuag sypaisno pyjajuad
avaoridy
eS sf) uy H JMOL] SOT apiqvitoA wnwayjudsapnasd
BS sa wy H wnwoyjuesopnosg wnyjauay wnwayjuniapnasg
es sn wy Ss ATJOH proyureg = wnsasinuds wnjjkydoidp..p
eg sn wy Ss Bisyon,f Jopeag (-) wnsjaoxa wnyj<ydoidn..p
araoRyyUROy
ie) Is wy oD H oR Sig — Suaosagnnjs snjolqodivg
aRaoROZIy
SNOGATA.LOOIC
sjuawwog = aduepuejay adly wu04 aweN uowWwOD BWEN DyNUaIS
SHSIIGNIddv
Page 24
APPENDICES
- --
Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
~
Croton ph/eba/iodes Narrow-leaf Croton S 1m Us SII Lythraceae
Croton verreauxii Native Cascarilla SIT 1m Us SII Lagerstroemia archeriana (-) Native Crepe Myrtle SIT Lm Us Oa Sa Dc
Macaranga tanarius Macaranga SIT 1m Us
Mallotus c/aoxyloides Scrub Odour Bush SIT 1m Us $11 Malvaceae
Omalanthus nutans Pavonia hastata(-) Pavonia S 1m Oa S"
(0. populifolius) Qld Bleeding Heart SIT 1m Us Sa Hibiscus heterophyllus Native Rosella SIT 1m Us Sa
Hibiscus geranioides (-) S Lm Oa
Eupomatiaceae
Eupomatia bennettii Small Bolwarra S 1m Us Sa
Eupomatia laurina Bolwal1ll S 1m Us Sa Melastomaceae
Me/astoma affine Pink Lasiandra S un Us Sa 0"
Escaloneaceae
Cuttsia viburnea (-) Native Elderberry T 1m Us S:I Meliaceae
Turraea pubescens (brownii)Native Witch-Hazel SIT 1m Us Sa
Fabaceae'
Abrus precatorius Crabs Eye Vine V 1m Us Oa SII Menispermaceae
Aotus lanigera Pointed Aotis S 1m Oa Sa Pleogyne australis Pleogyne V un Us Sa
Glycine e!andestina Twining Glycine V 1m Oa
Glycine tomentella Wooly Glycine V 1m Oa Mimosaceae
Hardenbergia violacea False Sarsparilla V 1m Oa Acacia complanata Flat-stem Wattle S Oa Pf
H ovea linearis Common Hovea S 1m Oa Acacia hubbardiana Yellow Prickly Moses S Oa Pf
Hovea longipes (-) Brush Hovea S 1m Sa Acacia inorata BlueSkin S Oa Pf
fndigophora australis Australian Indigo S 1m Oa Acacia myrtifolia Myrtle Wattle S Oa Pf
Kennedia rubicunda Dusky Coral Pea V 1m Oa Acacia suaveolens Sweet Wattle S Oa Pf
Oxylobium ilicifolium (-) Holly Pea S 1m Oa Acacia ulicifolia Prickly Moses S Oa Pf
Oxylobium scandens (-) Netted Shaggy Pea S 1m Oa Archidendron lovelliae (-) Baconwood SIT 1m Us Sa
Pultenaea retusa Blunt-leaf Bush Pea S 1m Oa
Pultenaea spinulosa (-) Prickly Pea S 1m Oa Monimiaceae
Pultenaea villosa (-) Hairy Bush Pea S 1m Oa Wilkiea huegeliana Tetra Beech SIT 1m Us Sa
Swainsona galegifolia Darling Pea S 1m Oa Wilkiea macrophylla Large-leafWilkiea SIT Ull Us Sa
Goodeniaceae Myoporaceae
Goodenia rotundifolia Star Goodenia HGc 1m Oa Eremophila debi/is Winter Apple S Gc un as
Scaevo/a aemula (-) Fairy Fan Flower HGc 1m Oa Myoporwn boninense
Scaevo/a albida (-) Fan Flower H 1m Oa (M. elliplicum) Boobialla S Gc un Os
Scaevola calendu/acea (-) Scented Fan Flower HGc 1m Oa Myoporum monlanum Mountain Boobialla S un Os
Scaevola ramosissima (-) A Fan Flower HGc 1m Oa
Myrsinaceae
Lamiaceae Aegiceras corniculalum Milky Mangrove SIT Lm St Oa Coastal
Ajuga australis Southern Bugle H 1m Oa Rapanea howittiana Scrub Muttonwood SIT 1m Us S"
Plectranthus argentatus (-) Silver Native Coleus H 1m Us Sa Rapanea subsessilis Red Muttonwood SIT Ull Us S:I
Plectranthus graveolens Native Coleus H 1m Us Sa
Plectranthus parvi/iorus Cocks pur Flower H 1m Us Sa Myrtaceae
Prostanthera ovali/olia Oval-leaf Mint Bush S 1m Os Sa I Archirhodomyrlus beckleri (-) Rose Myrtle S 1m Us $:1
Austromyrtusfi"agrantissima (-)Sweet Myrtle T un Us Sa
Lauraceae Austromyrlus hi/Iii Scaly Myrtle SIT un lis S"
CryptocQlya /aevigata Glossy Laurel SIT 1m Us Sa Austromyrtus inophloia Thread-bark Myrtle
I SIT Ull lis Sa
Cryptocarya meisneriana Thick -leaf Laurel SIT 1m Us Sa Austromyrtus ajf. lasioc/ada (-)Velvet Myrtle T un Us S"
Austromyrtus metrosideros (-) S un lis S:I
Pilidiosligma glabrum (-) Plum Myrtle S Ull IJs $:1
Leeaceae Pilidiostigma rhytisperma Small-leafPlul11 Myrtle S IJ11 Us Sa
Leea indica (-) Bandicoot Berry S 1m Us Sa Rhodamnia acuminala (-) Cooloola Ironwood S un Us Sa
256 LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE FIRr RI TARDANT NATIVE PLANTS 257
Page 25
APPENDICES
= ---
Scientific Name
Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
Rhodamnia dumicola Rib-fruit Malletwood srr 1m Us Sa Canthium microphyllum Small-leafCantlUum S 1m Us Sa
Rhodamnia maidenii (-) Smooth Scrub Turpentine S 1m Us Sa Jxora bleckleri Brown Coffee wood srr 1m Us Sa
Rhodomyrtus psidioides Native Guava S 1m Us Sa Morinda acutifolia Veiny Morinda V 1m Us Sa
Syzygium wilsoni (-) Powder-puff Lilly Pilly S 1m Us Sa Morinda jasminoides Sweet Morinda V 1m Us Sa
Pavetla australiensis Pavetta S 1m Us Sa
Nyctaginaceae Psychotria daphnoides Smooth Psychotria S 1m Us Sa
Pisonia aculeata Native Bougainvillia V 1m Us Sa Psychotria loniceraides Hairy Psychotria S 1m Us Sa
P:;ychotria simmondsiana Small Psychotria S l.m Us Sa
Oleaceae Randia benthamiana Native Gardenia S l.m Us Sa
Jasminum simplicifolium Stender Jasmine V 1m Us Sa Randia chartacea Narrow-leaf Gardenia S l.m Us Sa
Notelaea ovata Netted Mock Olive S 1m Us Sa
Notelaea venosa Veined Mock Olive S 1m Us Sa Rutaceae
Clausena brevistyla (- ) Clausena S 1m Us Sa
Passifloraceae Microcitrus australasica (-) FingerLime S 1m Us Sa
Passiflora aurantia Red Passion Flower V 1m Us Oa Sli Murraya ovatifoliolata (-) Native Murraya srr 1m Us Sa
Passiflora herbertiana Yellow Passion Flower V 1m Us Oa Sli Phebalium woombye (-) Phebalium S 1m Oa
Peperomiaceae Sambucaceae
Peperomia blanda Sambucus australasica Yellow Elderben'y S 1m Us Sa
(leptostachya) Native Peperomia H 1m Us Sa
Peperomia tetraphylla Native Peperomia H 1m Us Sa Sapindaceae
Alectryon coriaceus (-) Beach Bird 's Eye srr 1m Wb Oa
Pittosporaceae Alytera micraphylla (-) Dwarf Coogara S 1m Us Sa
Citriobatus linearis Black-fruit Thombush S 1m Us Sa Cupaniopsis newmanii (-) Long-leafTuckeroo T 1m Us Sa Oa
Citriobatus paucifloris Orange Thornbush S 1m Us Sa Cupaniopsis serrata Rusty Tuckeroo srr 1m Us Sa Oa
Pitlosporum revolutum Brisbane Laurel S 1m Us/Wb Sa/Oil Cupaniopsis wadsworthii (-) DwarfTuckeroo S 1m Us Sa
Harpullia alata (-) Wing-leaf Tulip S 1m Us Sa
Proteaceae Mischocarpus sundaicus Red Pear-fruit T 1m Us Sa
Banksia oblongifolia DwarfBanksia S Oa Pf
Banksia robur Swamp Banksia S Oa Pf Sapotaceae
Grevillea leiophylla Wallum GreviHea S Oa Pf Planchonella myrsinoides Yellow Plum wood srr 1m Us Sa
Grevillea 'Robyn Gordon' G. 'Robyn Gordon' S Oa Pf
Grevillea sericea Pink Spider Flower S Oa Pf Scrophulariaceae
Grevillea 'Shirley Howie' G. 'Shirley Howie' S Oa Pf Artenema fimbriatum Koala bells H 1m Oa
Grevillea 'Superb' G. 'Superb' S Oa Pf
Hakea florulenta Hakea S Oa Pf Tetragoniaceae
Hakea purpurea Purple Hakea S Oa Pf Tetragonia tetragonioides Native Spinach HGc St Sc Oa
Lambertia formosa (-) Mountain Devil S Oa Pf
Lomatia siiaifolia Crinkle Bush S Oa Pf Solanaceae
Stenocarpus angusifolia (-) S Oa Pi Duboisia myoporoides Corkwood srr 1m Us Sa
Solanum aviculare Kangaroo Apple S 1m Us Sa Oa
Rhizophoraceae Solanum densevestitum (-) Furry Nightshade S 1m Us Sa
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Orange Mangrove srr Lm St Oa Coastal Solanum stelligerum (-) Star Nightshade S 1m Us Sa
Ceriops tagal Yellow Mangrove srr Lm St Oa Coastal I
I Sterculiaceae
Rhizophora stylosa Stilted Mangrove srr Lm St Oa Coastal
Brachychiton bidwillii Little Kurrajong S 1m Us S" 011
Rosaceae Commersonia fraserii Scrub Kurrajong S 1m Us Sa 011
Rubus parvifolia Pink Raspberry S 1m Oa
Rubus rosifolius Native Raspberry S 1m Us Sa Symplocaceae
Rubiaceae Symplocus baeuerlenii (-) Shrubby Hazelwood S un Us Sa
Canthium coprosmoides Coast Canthium srr 1m Us OaSa
Canthium lamproph yllum Large-leaf Canthium srr 1m Us Sa
258 LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE FIRE RETARDANT NATIVE PLANTS 259
Page 26
9G Winvid a 1 — = = — 3HIHS SYFAIY SNid NI LNAWNOYIANA HL HLIM ONIAIT 09T us wy A (-) Mypy eylupuozay araovtuaqtid vs wy ae WI9,] 19] YOY eg wy we U9 387 ) wy Ls JOPLY AIA, (-) vyofuvsias puosnjoD eg wy d woyseig avaouiuoUn) eg wy ae UO“ eg wy a usa,q Surquit[g powussg suapupos sapoynukyg wy Ls uvdg OAJIA, (-) Dyjajuawol pisspD eg wy] we uo] JOyseg pinpi DIADUKA. uy wy ci 991.L PION JouMOID pyofisuiiks psig avaovipodAjod aeaoviuidyesae) es sn wy a way Suny pinging papol, wy A SULA RSUOA, pupsopupd va.opurg akvadEPUOLUSG) avaoeUoUsig, vs wy qe UID,4 ISON S,MOID wngIspjp.ysnD wnyuajdsy vg wy A xeurg SuIqu| s«yogoppydaa piv.njoydaa ws wy d womuaaids y wnwnuanp wuniuajdsy araorlye.ly araoruajdsy us wy A POPP, WayINOS SYypASND snuIpojaw SALAHdOCINALA eg wy A VUIRSULIOY] SNIOLfiNoD SnuIpo}aW sa wy L dary auTUINg DIQLYSUOD bIUOIS|V eg sn wy Ss ysng jeddag ppidisul piuupwsoy, avaoevudoody ABIIBAIJUL AA, sn a] L yooog Arcus DULISSIPUM DIYDKIOg eg vo sp wy A SULA Jon Jeo]-[[RUS povdo snssiy avaovuouuy es sn wy A UIA JAILAA OS puaudina pypskoy BS 2O SN wy A adean sopus|s bapupuala pupikp) sn wy & poomysny umnsojuawo} Rg sn wy A oul, Joye, Key] SLID pyDIkpD wnsoj}iA WNISUD]Y avIIE A sn wy L poomysnyy sapiousodjod wnsoyia wnisunjy ws sa wy H JOJOIA CANN, paop.iapay DIOIA avaoursueyy ws sq wy H IIOIA aIding Dyofinuojaqg DIOIA avadeIOIA sa wy L poomdiuin suaon] DUuDyy svaoRIUByy ve) wy 2S XMNA, (-) DIpAo xXaliA vO wy OOH yonoD sururepuop (-) puopfipou vjKyg SNOGHTA.LOOIG es eo Sn wy] Ls ysng Ayo Arey wnsojuawio, wnapuapo.to} eg to sn wy LS ysng Ayo] twunpungiioyf wnapuapo.ta,) vO BS wy A OUIA OUIM-queg, SI/D.SND XDINUS vg sq wy S Jeo[-WOApan, pypjnounpad pdsvoyjop ug wy A yprfaddng jeug = wanupyjaounf wnuosodiy IBIIVUIG.LIA aRIDVIL|US eg sy wy US Auioginy OAueN, snauasin snd PV wy d SYDAISND DUOISIATT eg sn wy H OTON JOS () wnpndys pwaisowpy PV wy d Mayjamu smupjp eS Sf) wy H yoruidg jsorojurey WAIDNIVAI DYUaISOIo] 7] py wy d lupysumuuny aBaIeITA!), Xiuaoydojuoyoy avaowoa1y eg sp wy Ss snioyoog = upySuruund snsoyr.10D SNO@YTALODONON BS vO SN wy S ysng on, DOIPUL DNUDOISYIA, sjuawiwo9 aouepse|aY ally wi04 auweN uoWWOD aWeN IyUaIIS 20 Ss JOMO],] OOPY JOPUg|S pyofuyy papa es sp wy Ls auydeg qniog DUDAPISWUALAYI DLLI]BY 4 Bi e Si Bi Bg S| (-) votpuapo.ia}) D1ajOY SuOpses [Jes JO} sjuRTd Jo } pe UT pasn aq ued syuRjd SuLMO]JO} oy, SSA uy s eer Se Mote Susple wWinipa] 40} sjuejd }UepIe}aY-3.1)-4 syuawuog © aoueplRjay any Woy aweN uOWWOD WEN ayUaINS SHIVIGNAddYv
Page 27
APPENDICES
Scientific Name Common Name Form FireRetardance Comments Scientific Name CommonName Form FireRetardance Comments
Ebenaceae Myoporaceae
Diospyl'os australis BlackPlum T 1m Us/Wb Myoporum acuminatum Coast Boobialla SIT 1m Wb Oa
Diospyl'os geminata Scaly Ebony T 1m Us/Wb
Diospyros mabacea (-) Red-fruited Ebony T 1m Us Myrsinaceae
Rapanea val'iabilis Muttonwood T 1m Us
Escalloniaceae
Anoptel'us mac!eayanus (-) Queensland Laurel T 1m Us Myrtaceae
Polyalthia nitidissima Canary Beech T 1m Us Acmena smithii
(small varieties) CreekLiIlyPilly T 1m Us/Wb
Euphorbiaceae Decaspermum humile Silky MYltle 1m
1m
SIT Us
Claoxylon australe Brittlewood SIT Us Metrosideros queenslandica (-)pink Myrtle 1m
T Us
Croton achronychioides Thick-leaved Croton SIT 1m Us Rhodamnia rubescens Brown Malletwood T 1m Us/Wb
Croton insularis Queensland Cascarilla SIT 1m Us Syzygium hodgkinsonia (-) Smooth-bark Rose Apple T 1m Us
Croton stigmatosus White Croton T 1m Us
Oleaceae
Fabaceae Notelaea johnsonii Veinless Mock Olive 1m
SIT Us
El'ythl'ina vespertilio Bat's Wing Coral Tree T 1m Ad De Notelaea longifolia Large Mock Olive SIT 1m Us/Wb
Notelaea microcarpa Velvet Mock Olive SIT I.rn Us/Wb
Hernandiaceae
Hernandia bivalvis Cudgerie T 1m Wb Pittosporaceae
Hymenosporum jlavum Native Frangipani T 1m Us Ad
Lauraceae Pittosporum undulatum Mock Orange 1m
T Us/Wb
Cryptocarya bidwilli Yellow Laurel T 1m Wb
Cryptocarya meisneriana Thick -leaf Laurel T 1m Wb Proteaceae
Cryptocarya sclerophylla Boonah Laurel T 1m Wb Buckinghamia celsissima (-) Ivory Curl Flower 1m
T Wb
Cryptocarya triplinervis Brown Laurel T 1m Wb Grevillea helmsiae (-) T 1m Us Pf
Cl'yptocal'ya tl'iplinervis var. Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia (-) Red Boppel Nut I.rn
T Us Ad Pf
pubens Hairy Brown Laurel T 1m Wb Lomatia arborescens (-) Tree Lomatia SIT 1m Us Pf
Macadamia integl'ifolia Queensland Nut T I.rn Wb
Meliaceae Macadamia ternifolia Maroochy Nut T 1m Wb
Owenia venosa Crow's Apple T 1m Us/Wb Macadamia tetraphylla 1m
Rough Shell Bush Nut T Wb
Synoum glandulosum Scentless Rosewood SIT 1m Us Triunia youngiana Spice Bush T 1m Us
Tul'raea pubescens
(T bl'ownii) Native Witch-Hazel T 1m Us Rubiaceae
Coelospermum paniculatum Coelospennum V I.rn Sa
Menispermaceae Hodgkinsonia ovatiflora Golden Ash T [m Us/Wb
Stephania japonica val'.
discolor Tape Vine V 1m Sa Oa Rununculaceae
Clematis glycinoides Headache Vine V I.rn Sa
Mimosaceae
Acacia aulacocarpa Hickory Wattle T 1m Wb/Pf Rutaceae
Acacia implexa Light Wood T 1m Wb/Pf Acl'onychia impelforata Coast Aspen SIT 1m U~/Wb
Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood T I.rn Wb/Pf Acronychia pauciflora Soft Acronychia SIT 1m Us
Acacia cincinnata Wattle SIT 1m Wb/pf Microcitrus australis Round Lime S 1m Us
Paral'chidendron pl'uinosum Snow wood T 1m Us/Wb
Sapindaceae
Moraceae Alectl'yon connatus Alectryon 1m
T WI1 SlllW/l1
Ficus col'onata Creek Sandpaper Fig T 1m Us/Wb
firsl
Ficus ji·asel'i A Sandpaper Fig T 1m Us/Wb Alectryon subcinereus Wild Quince T lm WI)
Ficus opposita A Sandpaper Fig T 1m Us/Wb Alectl'yon subdentalus Holly-leafBird's Eye T 1m WI1
Streblus bl'unonianus Alectryon tomentosus Hairy Bird's Eye T lm Wh
(5. pendulinus) Whalebone Tree T 1m Us/Wb Arytera distylis Twin-leafCoogera T un Wh
262 LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE
FIRE RETAliDANT NA liVE I'LANTS 263
Page 28
A P P END I C E S
Scientitic Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Scienlilic Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
Arytera divaricata Rose Tamarind T 1m Wb Flagellariaceae
Arytera foveolata Pitted Coogera T Lm Wb Flagellaria indica SuppJejack V 1m Sa
Cupaniopsis parvifolia Small-leafTuckeroo T Lm Wb
Cupaniopsis shirleyana (-) Wedge-leaf Tuckeroo T Lm Us/Wb Pandanaceae
Cupaniopsis lomentella (-) Boonab Tuckeroo T Lm Wb Freycinetlia excelsa Climbing Pandanus V 1m a
Elattostachys nervosa Beetroot T un Us/Wb Freycinettia scandens Climbing Pand,llius
Lm V un a
Elattostachys xylocalpa White Tamarind T Wb
Guioa semiglauca Wild Quince T Lm Wb Smilacaceae
Lepiderema pulchella (-) Fine-leafTuckeroo T Lm Wb Ripogonum alhum White Supplejack V
Mischocarpus australis Red Pear-fruit T Lm Wb un Sa
Ripogonum hrevifolium Supplejack V
Toechima tenax Scrub Teak T U11 Wb U11 Sa
Ripogonum discolor Prickly Supplejack V Un Sa
Ripogonum elseyanum Hairy Supplejack V
Sapotaceae un Sa
Planchpnella chartacea Thin-leaf Plum SIT Lm Us Sa DICOTYLEDONS
Planchonella cotinifolia Small-leaf Plum SIT Lm Us Sa
Anacardiaceae
Simaroubaceae Euroschinus falcata Ribbonwood T 1m Wb
Guiltoylia monostylis Native Plum T W1 Us Rhodosphaera rhodanthema Deep Yellowwood T W1 Wb
Symplocaceae Annonaceae
Symplocus thwaitesii Buff Hazelwood SIT Un Us Melodorum leichhardtii
(Rauwenhoffia I.) Zig-Zag Vine V 1m
PTERIDOPHYTES Sa
Apocynaceae
Cyatheaceae Alstonia constricta QuinineTree T U11 Wb
Cyathea australis Rough Tree Fern tF W1 Us Melodinus acutiflorus Merangarra V l.Jn Sa
Cyathea cooperi CommonTree Fern tF W1 Us Melodinus australis Southern Melodinus V un Sa
Cyathea leichhardtiana Prickly Tree Fern tF Lm Us Parsonsia eucalyptophylla Gargaloo V 1m Sa oa
Parsonsia fulva Furry Silkpod V un Sa
Parsonsia lanceolata Northern Silkpod V un Sa
Fire-Retardant Plants for Large Gardens, Acreage Blocks, Parks ami Parsonsia latifolia Monkey Vine V un Sa
Farms Parsonsia straminea Monkey Rope V un Sa Oa
Parsonsia velutina VelvetSilkood V Un Sa oa
The following plants can be used in addition to the lists of plants for small and medium gardens. Parsonsia ventricosa Pointed Silkpod V W1 Sa
"""'- Arecaceae
Scientitic Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Calamus muelleri Lawyer Cane V 1m Sa
GYMNOSPERMS A.-aliaceae
Cephalaralia cephalohotrys CLimbing Panax V un
Araucariaceae Sa
Polyscias elegans Celerywood T un
Agathis rohusta (-) QldKauri T un Pf - resin Wb/Ad 0,\
Araucaria hidwillii (-) Bunya Pine T un Pf - resin Sa
Polyscias murrayi Pencil Cedar T un
Araucaria cunninghamii Hoop Pine T W1 Pf - resin Ad oa Sa
Podocarpaceae Asclepiadaceae
Podocarpus elalus Brown or Plum Pine T U11 Pf - resin Marsdenia rostrata Common Milk Vine V un Sa
MONOCOTYLEDONS Atherospermataceae
Daphnandra micrantha Socketwood T 1m
Arecaceae (Palmae) Wb
Calamus muelleri Lawyer Cane Vine V un Sa Oa
Page 29
—— 3YIHS SYSAIY INid NI LNJWNOYIANS JHL HLIM ONIATT
LOT SINVId JAILVN LNVOYVLSY auld
aM wy LL poomesoy wnunsasp.if wnjkxoskKg
aM wy if depap esusouy (vinpum pdpoavaopnasg)
Dinpiiu pdpanz0yjuy
aRARIPIAL
aM wy sft SNOSIGIH S] YJOJION, (-) nuossajnd viwnunsvT
aM wy L aarp, OND SnaIDYN SNISIQI
avaIBATETAL
am/sn wy L mny ATog ay AA Ding |pap vasiyoaN
qu wy - wing Ayjog harp SisuayD.1SND vasoaN
CN wy L POoMy10> prey (-) Magais: pipunipug
aM wy L nue, Arey] suaqnd pipupipuy
aM wy L MUTA 8, JO[FaNYA lajjanu papupipugy
aA wy L ear, Auiaquoddog pipaogo vkivor0jdk.sy
qa wy L unsouny panauosonu p&ipz0jdk1y
aM wy L Jane] BJOojoo;, nppouopopu pkanoo0jdktQ
qn wy L Ausoquoddag wnay-qry, pipodsodky v&.n201dhiy
aM wy L ysy Auioquoasig uopkxouyjhia Dévr0jdk1y
avaoRine’y]
aM wy I yooog uMoIg, nupysujuuns pyuDuuad
an uy x poomuimy 12L00U DIJBUOANID,
avaoRUDeI]
an uy i PpoomMmoy]an DIKXOYIUDX DISLAPUI
qu wy LL ysy Aduing 10 opespnp, DUDINJOYIS DISAAPUI] A
aM ur] L ysy predooy DUYIOD DISLapUtL AT
aM ury A. ysy s,youusg DUDIaUuUag PIS.1aPUI]
an uy Bi Ysy SMOID SYDAISND DISLapUp
aRaoRIssopulyy
aM wy i poommulyy nunviq vidojoog
aradeINOIeLy
eg wy A urog Aung paqunsis punony
od PV wy L sal] [R10-) Suimsieg oynsadsaa vuyseiy
od PV wy iE poomyoy yaa sMaovq7 ds punapcry
ws wy A SLOG OANRN pmjoaut sLuaq
aM wy & uvog orld appaisnp wnu.tadsounjspD
vO wy A UIA poorg Iyov]q vistuaalso.usny
avaonqeyy
aM wy E yeu yy poy sisuaddyiyd snjoyjopy
aM wy L YRUIR YY MOT[OA, AOJOISIP SNIOTRW
aM wy ik poomuoyng: wunun.jouns uoIplYys0jH
aM wy ic dalL ase04D) Ipupuipsaf uoipys0j]y
aM wy L 921], UOSTOg GnIdg DUDKYIB]JOP VIAVIIOION
Pv ig wy i aaorsueyy AYA DYIOIVSD — DILADIIOIONT
an wy L dyjny Moran, DoIspypAisnd Sajadkiqy
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Page 30
APPENDICES
~ ---
Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
=
Dysoxylum mollissimum Ofeaceae
ssp. molle (D. muelleri) Red Bean T 1m Wb Olea paniculata Native Olive T 1m Wb
Dysoxylum rufum Hairy Rosewood T 1m Wb
Melia azedarach White Cedar T 1m Wb/Ad III Piperaceae
owenia cepiodora Onion Cedar T 1m Wb Piper novae-hollandiae Native Pepper Vine V 1m Sa
Toona australis Red Cedar T 1m Wb/A(! Iii
Pittosporaceae
Menispermaceae Pittosporum rhombifolium Hollywood T 1m Wb
Legnephora moorei Wild Grape V 1m Sa
Sarcopetalum harveyanum Pearl Vine V 1m Sa Proteaceae
Stephania aculeata Prickly Snake Vine V 1m Sa Floydia praealta Ball Nut T 1m Wb
Tinospora smilacina Snake Vine V 1m Sa Grevillea hilliana (-) Hill's Silky Oak T 1m Pf
Tinospora tinosporoides Arrow-head Vine V 1m Sa Grevillea robusta Silky Oak T 1m Pf
Helicia glabriflora Smooth Helicia T 1m Pf
Mimosaceae Macadamia integrifolia Queensland Nut T 1m Wb
Acacia aulacocarpa val'. Macadamia ternifolia Maroochy Nut T 1m Wb
aulacocarpa Hickory Wattle T 1m Wb PI' Macadamia tetraphylla (-) Rough-shell Bush Nut T 1m Wb
Acacia bakeri Marblewood T 1m Wb PI' oriocallis pinnata (-) Pink Silky Oak T 1m PI'
Acacia harpophylla (-) Brigalow Wattle T 1m Wb oriocallis wickhamii (-) Satin Oak T 1m PI'
Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood T lJn Wb PI' (Alloxylon flammeum)
Archidendron grandiflorum Lace Flower T 1m Wb Stenoca'1JUs salignus (-) Scrub Beefwood T 1m PI'
Stenocarpus sinuatus Wheel of Fire Tree T 1m Wb
Monimiaceae
Palmeria scandens Anchor Vine V 1m Sa Rannnculaceae
Clematis aristata Old Man's Beard V 1m Sa
Moraceae
Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig T lJn Wb Rhamnaceae
Ficus oMiqua Small-leafed Fig T 1m Wb Alphitonia excelsa Red Ash T 1m Wb
Ficus platypoda Rock Fig T 1m Wb Alphitonia petrei Pink Ash T lJn Wb
Ficus superba Val: henneana Deciduous Fig T 1m Ad De Emmenosperma
Ficus virens val'. sublanceolataWhite Fig T lJn Wb alphitonioides Yellow Ash T 1m Wb
Ficus watkinsiana Nipple Fig T lJn Wb
Maclura cochinchinensis Rosaceae
(Cudrania c.) Cockspur Thorn V lJn Oa Sa Rubus moluccanus MoluccaBrarnble V lJn Sa
Malaisia scandens BumyVine V lJn Sa
Rutaceae
Myrtaceae ACI-onychia oblongifolia WhiteLiUy Pilly SIT 1m Wb
Acmena hemilampra Blush Satinash V lJn Wb Acronychia suberosa Corky Acronychia T 1m Wb
Acmena ingens Sarcomelicope simplicifolia Bauerel1a T 1m Wb
(A. brachyandra) Red Apple V 1m Wb
Acmena smithii CreekLillyPilly T 1m Wb Sapindaceae
Lophostemon confertus Brush Box T lJn Wb Alectryon reticulatus Alectryon T 1m WIJ
Syncarpia glomulifera Turpentine T lJn Wb Arytera lautererana Corduroy Tamarind T 1m WIJ
Syzygium australe Scrub Cherry T 1m Wb Atalaya multijlora Broad-leaf Whitewood T 1m WIJ
Syzygium corynanthum Sour cherry T 1m Wb Atalaya salicijolia (A. virens) Scrub Whitewood T 1m WI!
Syzygium crebrinerve Purple Cherry T 1m Wb Castanospora aphanandi (-) Brown Tamarind T 1m Wli
Syzygium moorei (-) Durobby T 1m Wb Cupaniopsis anacardioides Tuckeroo T 1m WI!
Cupaniopsis flagellijormis (-) Brown Tuckeroo SIT 1m WI!
Nyctaginaceae Diploglottis campbellii (-) Small-leaf Tamarind T 1m WI!
Pisonia aculeata Native Bougainvillea V 1m Sa Diploglottis cunninghamii Native Tamarind T 1m WIi/AiI
Harpullia hi/Iii Blunt-leaf Tulip T 1m WII
Harpullia pendula Tulipwood T lJn WI!
LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE FIRE RETIIIlDIIN I Nil IIVI
268 PI ANIS 269
Page 31
APPENDICES
Scientific Name Common Name Form Fire Retardance Comments
Jagera pseudorhus Foam Bark Tree T Un Wb
Mischocarpus anodontus Veiny Pear-fruit T Un Wb
MischocOlpus pyriformis Yellow Pear-fruit T Un Wb
Rhysotoechia hifoliolata (-) Twin-leaf Tuckeroo T Un Wb
Sarcopteryx stipata Corduroy T Un Wb
Toechima dasyrrhache Blunt-leaf Steel wood T Un Wb
Sapolaceae
Amorphospermum antilogum Brown Pearwood T Un Wb
Amorphospermum whitei (-) Rusty Plum T Un Wb
Planchonella australis Black Apple T Un Wb
Planchonella laurifolia (-) Blush Coondoo T Un Wb
Planchonella pohlmaniana Yellow Boxwood T Un Wb
Simaroubaceae
Ailanthus triphysa WhiteSiris T Un Wb
Guilfoylia monostylis Native Plum T Un Wb
Siphonodonlaceae
Siphonodon australis Ivorywood T Un Wb
Sterculiaceae
Argyrodendron actinophyllum Black Booyong T Un Wb
Argyrodendron trifoliolatum Brown Tulip Oak T Un Wb
Brachychiton acerifolius Flame Tree T Un Ad De
Brachychiton discolor Lace Bark T Un Ad De
Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong T Un Wb
Brachychiton rupestris (-) Qld BottJetree T Un Ad De
Brachychiton sp. (-) Ormeau BottJetree T Un Ad De
Commersonia hartramia Brown Kurrajong T Un Us/Wb
Sterculia quadrifida Peanut Tree T Un Ad De
Symplocaceae
Symplocos stawelli White Hazelwood T Un Wb
Ulmaceae
Aphananthe philippinensis Native Elm T Un Wb
Celtis paniculata Investigator Tree T Un Wb
Urticaceae
Dendrocnide excelsa Giant Stinging Tree T Un Wb
Dendrocnide photinophylla Mulberry Stinger T Un Wb
Verbenaceae
Gmelina leichhardtii White Beech T Un Wb
Premna lignum-vitae Lignum-vitae T Un Wb
Vitaceae
Cissus antarctica Kangaroo Vine V Un Wb
Cissus hypoglauca Five-leafWatervine V Un Wb
Cissus sterculiifolia Long-leaf Watervine V Un Wb
Tetrastigma nitens Shining Grape V Un Wb
270 LIVING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT IN PINE RIVERS SHIRE
Page 32
Appendix 2 Bushfire Survival Plan Guideline / Template
Page 33
Bushfire Survival Plan
Tomorrow’s Queensland: strong, green, smart, healthy and fair
Department of Community Safety
Page 34
You must PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Your main priority is to ensure that you and your family
are safe. During a bushfire you and your family’s
survival and safety depend on your preparations, and
the decisions you make.
The lives of you and your family are more important
than any building.
Whether your plan is to leave early or stay, you must
prepare your home and property to increase their level
of resilience and your chances of survival.
Bushfires in Queensland Understand your risk
The fire season in Queensland normally commences in
The first step in planning to survive a bushfire is to
the far north of the state in July and progresses through
understand your own level of risk. By understanding
to southern areas as spring approaches. The fire
your own level of risk you will be able to make informed
season can extend through to February in southern and
decisions that are right for you and your family.
far south-western Queensland. These time frames can
Included with this Bushfire Survival Plan is a self-
vary significantly from year to year, depending on the
assessment tool that will enable you to assess the
fuel loads, long-term climate and short-term weather
risk level associated with your property. If you are still
conditions in each area.
unsure of your level of risk or require assistance contact
your local fire station for more information. To book a
There are four key considerations for dealing with
Bushfire Safety presentation call 1300 369 003.
bushfire:
The safety of you and your family.
The resilience of your property. Fire danger ratings
The protection of irreplaceable valuables
The increased frequency of extreme bushfires in
and important documents.
Australia in the last 10 years and the recent experience
The maintenance of adequate levels of the Black Saturday fires in Victoria have encouraged
of insurance. fire services throughout Australia to introduce new
levels of Fire Danger Rating (FDR). A lift-out chart of the
This document will provide you with information about FDR system is contained within this document. Display
the things you need to consider to prepare yourself and it in a prominent place in your home or keep it with your
your home for the bushfire season, and how to make Bushfire Survival Plan.
your own personal Bushfire Survival Plan.
It is your responsibility
to prepare yourself, your
family and your
home for the threat
of bushfire.
2 PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 35
Catastrophic fire danger rating The highest level is catastrophic. On a day of catastrophic FDR leaving early is the only option to ensure your survival. You must relocate early to a safer location, hours or the day before a fire occurs. Under no circumstances will it be safe to stay with your property. Extreme fire danger rating The second highest level is extreme. Should a fire occur in your area on a day of extreme FDR leaving early will always be the only option. Staying can only be considered for homes that: = Have been designed and constructed specifically to address the threat of bushfire. = Have been maintained to those levels and are currently well prepared. = Can be actively defended by people with the skills, knowledge and confidence to implement a well-rehearsed Bushfire Survival Plan. On days of catastrophic or extreme FDR: = Fires are likely to be uncontrollable, unpredictable and very fast moving with highly aggressive flames extending high above tree tops and buildings. = Thousands of embers may be violently blown into and around homes causing other fires to start rapidly and spread quickly up to 20 kilometres ahead of the main fire. = Fire can threaten suddenly, without warning, and the heat and wind will make it difficult to see, hear and breathe as the fire approaches. = People in the path of such fires will almost certainly be injured or die and a significant number of homes and businesses will be destroyed or damaged. = Even well-prepared and constructed homes will not be safe. = Expect power, water and phone networks to fail as severe winds bring down trees, power lines and blow roofs off buildings well ahead of the fire. It is vital that you understand on these days that your survival will depend solely on how well you have prepared and how decisively you act. SEE Leaving late can be a deadly option. If you are in any doubt, make the decision to LEAVE EARLY. What will you do? At all times you need to PREPARE.ACT.SURVIVE . When the fire danger rating is ‘catastrophic’ leaving early is the safest option. When the fire danger rating is lower than ‘catastrophic’, one of the most important decisions you need to make is whether you will leave early or stay with a well prepared property. This decision is the basis of your Bushfire Survival Plan. The following questions may help you make the right decision for whether you will leave early or stay: = Do you need to consider family members who are young, elderly or infirm? = Are you physically and emotionally prepared to stay with your property? = Do you have the knowledge, skills, and confidence to stay with your property? = Is your home adequately constructed, maintained and prepared to withstand the impact of a fire? In other words, is your home prepared to withstand the impact of a bushfire? = Do you have well-maintained resources and equipment to fight fire, and do you know how to use them? = Do you have appropriate protective clothing to fight a fire? = What will you do if a rapid onset fire leaves you with no time to leave? Where will you shelter? PREPARE.ACT.SURVIVE. 3 7
Page 36
Leave early If you plan to leave early then you must leave your home well before a bushfire threatens and travelling by toad becomes hazardous. Your leave early preparations include: Step1: Preparation — your property should be well prepared for bushfire even if you intend to leave early. Step 2: What you will do — make your Bushfire Survival Plan in accordance with your decision to leave early. Step 3: Make a contingency plan — the FDR, the preparedness of your home, a change in household circumstances, a change in your physical preparedness or unexpected visitors are some things that may require you to reconsider your Bushfire Survival Plan. Planning to stay Planning is critical to successfully staying with your home may involve the risk of psychological trauma, injury or death. Step1: Preparation — your property must be able to withstand the impact of bushfire and well prepared to shelter you and your family. Step 2: What you will do — make your Bushfire Survival Plan in accordance with your decision to stay. Step 3: Make a contingency plan — the FDR, the preparedness of your home, a change in household circumstances, a change in your physical preparedness or unexpected visitors are some things that may require you to reconsider your Bushfire Survival Plan. 4 In making your decision to stay, here are a few things you need to consider. = Is your property able to withstand the impact of a bushfire? = Are you physically and emotionally prepared to stay with your property? = Do you have well-maintained resources and equipment and do you know how to use them? = Do you have appropriate protective clothing? = Will your bushfire survival plan need to be different for weekdays, weekends or if someone is sick at home? = Do you have a contingency plan? Preparing your Bushfire Survival Plan Preparation is the key to survival. Being involved in a fire will be one of the most traumatic experiences of your life. = Prepare yourself — you need to be both mentally and physically prepared to carry out your Bushfire Survival Plan. = Prepare your Bushfire Survival Plan. = Prepare your Bushfire Survival Kit. = Prepare your Bushfire Relocation Kit. = Prepare your property. When writing your plan you need to consider: = Have you made the right choice: to leave early or stay? = Have you discussed your choice with your family, friends and neighbours? = Who will take charge and lead other family members by carefully communicating the various tasks set out in the plan? = Ifyou have chosen to stay what will you do to protect your property when the fire arrives? = What will you put in your Bushfire Survival Kit and where will you store it? = Do your friends, family and neighbours know the details of your plan? PREPARE. ACT.SURVIVE.|
Page 37
= What will you do if your Bushfire Survival Plan fails? = Do you have an alternative option or contingency plan if your plan fails? = Do you have a Neighbourhood Safer Place (NSP) you can go to as a last resort? For more information on NSPs see www.ruralfire.qld.gov.au. = Is it safe to travel there? If your decision is to leave early, you must include the following information or action items in your Bushfire Survival Plan: = Monitor media outlets — radio, TV, mobile phone and internet for bushfire alerts. = When will you leave? = What will be your trigger for action? = Will your plan be different for weekdays, weekends, or if someone is at home sick or injured? = What will you take with you (Relocation Kit)? = Where will you and your family go when you leave early? = What route will you take to get there? = What will you do with your pets? = What will you do if there are consecutive or multiple ‘catastrophic’ or extreme fire danger days? = Will you go into work on days when the FDR is in the upper levels? = Will you send your children to school when the FDR is in the upper levels? = Will all members of your household leave early? = What will you do to prepare your property? = What is your contingency plan in the event that it is unsafe to leave? If your decision is to stay you must include the following information or actions items in your Bushfire Survival Plan: = Monitor media outlets — Radio, TV, mobile phone and internet. = Locate your Bushfire Survival Kit. = Put on protective clothing. = Remain hydrated by drinking lots of water. When the fire front arrives: After the fire front has passed: SEE Move any stock to fully grazed paddocks. Move cars to a safe location. Remove garden furniture, doormats and other items. Close windows and doors and shut blinds. Take down curtains and move furniture away from windows. Seal gaps under doors and window screens with wet towels. Place pets inside, restrain them, and provide water. Block downpipes and fill gutters with water. Wet down the sides of buildings facing the approaching fire front. Wet down decks and verandas. Wet down fine fuels close to buildings. Turn on sprinklers in garden before bushfire arrives. Fill containers with water; bath, sinks, buckets, wheelie bins, etc. Have ladders ready for roof space access (inside) and against roof (outside). Have generator or petrol pump ready. Start checking and patrolling for embers outside. Take all fire fighting equipment inside such as hoses and pumps as they may melt during the fire. Go inside and shelter away from the fire front. Patrol the inside of your home, including the ceiling space, for embers or small fires that may start. Drinks lots of water. Check family and pets. Wear protective equipment. Go outside once it is safe. Check for small spot fires and burning embers: = inside roof space = under floor boards = under house space = onveranda and decks PREPARE.ACT.SURVIVE. 5 7
Page 38
= on window ledges and door sills = in roof lines and gutters = garden beds and mulch = wood heaps = outdoor furniture = sheds and carports = Continue to drink lots of water. = Stay at your property until the surrounding area is clear of fire. = Monitor media outlets — radio, TV, mobile phone and internet. You need to be both mentally and physically prepared to carry out your Bushfire Survival Plan There may be other actions to include, depending on your individual property and the level of bushfire risk you are exposed to. Include the whole family in creating your Bushfire Survival Plan. You and your family should be aware of the actions you will take at the various FDR levels and it is important to ensure this is incorporated into your Bushfire Survival Plan. The FDR for your area can be found on roadside signs and by visiting www.ruralfire. qld.gov.au and following the FDR link. It is important that your Bushfire Survival Plan does not rely solely on receiving an alert. Once you have completed your Bushfire Survival Plan, practise it regularly to ensure everyone involved knows exactly what to do in the event ofa fire. Preparing your Bushfire Survival Kit It is essential that you have a Bushfire Survival Kit if your choice is to stay with your property. This kit will ensure you and your family have the important equipment you need to stay. For a comprehensive list of equipment needed in a Bushfire Survival Kit see page 14. LL 6 Preparing your Bushfire Relocation Kit It is equally important to have a relocation kit if your choice is to leave early. This kit will ensure you and your family have important items and equipment required to relocate for the time needed. For a comprehensive list of items and equipment needed in a Bushfire Relocation Kit see page 15. Making a contingency plan No matter whether your decision is to leave early, well before a bush fire threatens or to stay you should still have a contingency plan as part of your Bushfire Survival Plan. There are many scenarios to consider, such as what you will do if a rapid onset fire starts in your local area making roads impassable or travel particularly dangerous. You should have other options if road travel is not safe. = Is your house well prepared? = Can it provide you with protection from radiant heat? = Have you identified a safer location such as an NSP? Sheltering in a well-prepared property is far safer than being out in the open or in a vehicle Preparing your property An unprepared property is not only at risk itself, but may also present an increased danger for your neighbours and their homes. Planning is absolutely critical to safely staying with your home. Staying home involves the risk of psychological trauma, injury and death. PREPARE. ACT. SURVIVE.
Page 39
There are a number of measures you can take to prepare your home and property for bushfire. These include several preparations you must take annually prior to the bushfire season. Your pre-season property preparations should include: = Displaying a prominent house number. = Ensuring there is adequate access for fire trucks to your property — 4 metres wide by 4 metres high with a turn-around area. Reduce vegetation loads along the access path. = Mowing your grass regularly. = Removing excess ground fuels and combustible material (long dry grass, dead leaves and branches). = Clearing of leaves, twigs, bark and other debris from the roof and gutters. = Purchasing and testing the effectiveness of gutter plugs. = Trimming low-lying branches 2 metres from the ground surrounding your home. = Enclosing open areas under your decks and floors. = Installing fine steel wire mesh screens on all windows, doors, vents and weep holes. = Pointing LPG cylinder relief valves away from the house. = Conducting maintenance checks on pumps, generators and water systems. = Checking that you have sufficient personal protective clothing and equipment. = Relocating flammable items away from your home including woodpiles, paper, boxes, crates, hanging baskets and garden furniture. = Sealing all gaps in external roof and wall cladding. = Checking that the first aid kit is fully stocked. Bushfire Alerts If you receive an emergency warning about a bushfire or other emergency, take notice as it could save your life. There are three types of alert messages to help you make the right safety choices: SEE Bushfire Advice Message — a fire has started — general information to keep you up to date. Bushfire Watch and Act Message — represents a heightened level of threat. Conditions are changing, a fire is approaching; lives may come under threat. Take appropriate action. Bushfire Emergency Warning — is the highest level message advising of impending danger. It may be preceded with the Standard Emergency Warning Signal (SEWS). An Emergency Warning means there is a threat to lives and protective action is required immediately. When a bushfire strikes You have made your decision to PREPARE.ACT. SURVIVE. You have prepared your property before the fire season. You have made your Bushfire Survival Plan. You have practised your Bushfire Survival Plan. A bushfire is threatening? What do you do? = Know the FDR for any given day. = Regularly check the FDR on the Rural Fire Services website at www. ruralfire.qld.gov.au. = Monitor your media outlets for warnings on bushfire activity. = Seek out information if you have to, and do not assume that you will receive a warning. = Leave early or stay according to your Bushfire Survival Plan. = Act decisively in accordance with your Bushfire Survival Plan. = Do not adopt the ‘wait and see’ option. PREPARE.ACT.SURVIVE. 7 7
Page 40
Travelling in your vehicle near a bushfire Sheltering inside a vehicle is a high-risk strategy that can result in death. Whilst sheltering inside a vehicle offers you a slightly higher chance of survival than being caught in the open, having a leave early or stay strategy is a much Safer option. You should never take a journey into areas where the fire danger is catastrophic or extreme. You should consider postponing or finding alternative routes if necessary. If you can smell or see smoke in the distance it is best to u-turn and drive away from the danger. If you are caught in smoke or flames while on the road: = Turn on the vehicle’s headlights and hazard warning lights. = Ifyou need to shelter in your vehicle drive your car into a bare, clear area well away from surrounding trees, leaving lights on. Position vehicle to prevent side impact from advancing fire front. = Close all windows and vents. = Leave the engine running and turn off the air conditioning system. = Cover your entire body with woollen or cotton blankets to protect from radiant heat. = Take shelter below the window level. = Drink water frequently and stay in the vehicle until the fire front has passed. = Once the fire front has passed exit the vehicle to inspect the damage and ensure other passengers are safe. Neighbourhood Safer Places A Neighbourhood Safer Place (NSP) is a place of last resort for people during a bushfire. An NSP may form part of a back-up plan when: = Your Bushfire Survival Plan has failed. = Your plan was to stay but the extent of the fire means that your home cannot withstand the impact of the fire and therefore your home is not a safe place to shelter. = The fire has escalated to an extreme or catastrophic level and relocation is the safest option. An NSP is an identified building or open space within the community that can provide a level of protection from the immediate life-threatening effects of a bushfire. NSPs still entail some risk, both in moving to them and while sheltering in them and cannot be considered completely safe. They are a place of last resort in bushfire emergencies only. The following limitations of NSPs need to be considered within your Bushfire Survival Plan: = NSPs do not cater for pets. = Firefighters may not be present as they will be fighting the main fire front elsewhere. = NSPs do not provide meals or amenities. = They may not provide shelter from the elements, particularly flying embers. If you are a person with special needs you should give consideration to what assistance you may require at an NSP. Although QFRS cannot guarantee an immediate presence during a bushfire, every effort will be made to provide support as soon as resources are available. If an NSP is part of your contingency plan it should not require extended travel through fire-affected areas to get there. PREPARE. ACT. SURVIVE.
Page 41
FIRE DANGER RATING CATASTROPHIC 100+
A fire with a rating of ‘catastrophic’ may be
uncontrollable, unpredictable and fast moving. The
flames will be higher than roof tops. Many people will
be injured and many homes and businesses will be
destroyed.
During a ‘catastrophic’ fire, well-prepared and
constructed homes will not be safe. Leaving is the only
option for your survival.
EXTREME 75–99
A fire with an ‘extreme’ rating may be uncontrollable,
unpredictable and fast moving. The flames will be
higher than roof tops. During an ‘extreme’ fire, people
will be injured and homes and businesses will be
destroyed.
The Fire Danger Rating (FDR) is an early indicator During an ‘extreme’ fire, well-prepared and well-
of potential danger and should act as your constructed homes may not be safe. Leaving is the
only option for your survival.
first trigger for action. The higher the rating the
greater the need for you to act. SEVERE 50–74
A fire with a ‘severe’ rating may be uncontrollable and
move quickly, with flames that may be higher than
The FDR is an assessment of the potential fire roof tops. A ‘severe’ fire may cause injuries and some
behaviour, the difficulty of suppressing a fire, homes or businesses will be destroyed.
and the potential impact on the community During a fire with a ‘severe’ rating, leaving is the safest
option for your survival. Use your home as a place of
should a bushfire occur on a given day. safety only if it is well-prepared and well-constructed.
VERY HIGH 25–49
A Fire Danger Index (FDI) of ‘low–moderate’ A fire with a ‘very high’ danger rating is a fire that can
means that fire will burn slowly and that it will be difficult to control with flames that may burn into
the tree tops. During a fire of this type some homes
be easily controlled, whereas a FDI in excess of
and businesses may be damaged or destroyed.
‘catastrophic 100+’ means that fire will burn so During a fire with a ‘very high’ danger rating, you
fast and so hot that it will be uncontrollable. should use your home as a place of safety only if it is
well prepared and well-constructed.
HIGH 12–24
A fire with a ‘high’ danger rating is a fire that can be
controlled where loss of life is unlikely and damage to
property will be limited.
During a fire with a ‘high’ danger rating, you should
know where to get more information and monitor the
situation for any changes.
LOW–MODERATE 0–11
A fire with a ‘low to moderate’ rating can be easily
controlled and pose little/or no risk to life or property.
During a fire with a ‘low to moderate’ rating, you should
know where to get more information and monitor the
situation for any changes.
9
PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 42
BUSHFIRE SURVIVAL PLAN
Complete your personalised Bushfire Survival Plan lift-out.
Personal details:
Important phone numbers: 000 (Fire, Police and Ambulance)
Family: Family: Family:
Work: Friends: Friends:
School:
Important contact details – name and phone number:
Insurer: Policy Number: Phone:
Electricity: Phone:
Water: Phone:
Gas: Phone:
Phone Company: Phone:
Council: Phone:
Leave early:
List all names and contact phone numbers of household members who have decided to leave early then complete
Section 1.
Names:
Phone:
Stay:
List all names and contact phone numbers of household members who have decided to stay, then complete Section 2.
Names:
Phone:
10 PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 43
Leave early – Section 1
Pull this Bushfire Survival Plan lift-out from this document and keep in a safe place.
Leaving early will always be the safest option for you and your family. It is extremely important for you to prepare
a detailed leave early plan to ensure everyone understands what to do and when. Use the boxes below to list
tasks to do.
When to go – Think of different triggers that will cause you and your family to leave early.
Think about what you will do if you have sent the children to school that day. Think about
whether or not you will have to travel from work into the fire zone.
Where to go – Identify one or more safer locations.
Consider putting on personal protective clothing before you leave home.
How to get there – What roads will you take to your destination?
Have an alternative route if your first choice is impassable.
What to take – Make a list of your most valuable items (e.g. insurance papers, electronic
records, photo albums, passports, birth certificates and other important documents).
11
PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 44
Stay – Section 2
Anyone who is not going to leave early must be involved in completing this stay and defend plan to ensure they
know what to do. Every stay plan will be different depending on your circumstances. Use the boxes below to list
tasks to do.
Before the fire approaches – Start getting yourself and your property ready for a bushfire.
As the fire approaches – Prepare for ember attack on or near your home.
Remember to put on personal protective clothing.
As the fire front arrives – Stay safe by monitoring the fire from inside your home.
After the fire has passed – Patrol your property and extinguish any spot fires or burning embers.
You may need to keep this up for several hours.
Everyone must have a contingency plan
Have a contingency plan – what will you do if you can’t activate your Bushfire Survival Plan? Remember that leaving
late can lead to loss of lives.
Know where your nearest NSP is and how to get there.
12 PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 45
ACTIVATING YOUR BUSHFIRE SURVIVAL PLAN
Once you have prepared your Bushfire Survival Plan and completed your preparations, it is absolutely essential that
you regularly practise and review your plan. This will make sure you and your family are well organised in the event
of a bushfire. If a bushfire threatens the health and safety of you, your family, home or property, you should follow
these steps:
Step 1 – Activate your Bushfire Survival Plan
Someone must take charge and lead other family members
through this emotional experience by carefully communicating the
various tasks set out in the plan. Know who is going to leave early
and who is going to stay.
Step 2 – Put on your personal protective clothing
Every member of the family must change into their personal
protective clothing, including long pants, long-sleeve-shirt
and closed-in shoes.
Step 3A – Pack your vehicle and leave early Step3B – Implement your strategy to stay and defend
If your plan is to leave early, pack all valuables If your plan is to stay ensure you have all the items
in your vehicle (see Relocation Kit) and relocate in the Bushfire Survival Kit ready to go. This can be
OR
to your designated safer location. Give yourself a dangerous option and you should be physically
enough time to get you and your family to safety. and mentally prepared.
Don’t return home until it is safe to do so.
Step 4 – Keep informed of bushfire activity
Listen to the radio, television, internet, firefighters and/or police
for information on the fire in your local area. Bushfire is dynamic
and unpredictable so you need to be prepared for the unexpected.
Warnings are not guaranteed so do whatever is necessary to ensure
you remain safe.
13
PREPARE ACT SURVIVE
Page 46
BUSHFIRE SURVIVAL KIT You need to have a Bushfire Survival Kit stored in an area of the house that is safe and easy to access. It should contain: = protective clothing = mop ¥ —_ = gloves = torch J = hoses = shovel = towels ( \ m = buckets Dn "safety goggles | "ladder JZ =" medications "bottled drinking water "fire extinguishers "battery operated radio = spare batteries = smoke mask = woollen blankets = first aid kit = knapsack sprayer = protective clothing for the whole family. 14 J
Page 47
Oe
RELOCATION KIT
Write a list of all items your family will need before, during and after your relocation.
The list below shows items that you might like to put in your relocation kit.
= protective clothing for the ‘|
whole family -—t
"battery operated radio and . ~~ = a __——
—- Oe ee _
a
spare batteries
"safety goggles
= mobile phone and battery
charger
= medications
= wallet or purse and money
= clothing (two sets of clothes
for each family member)
= identity information
(passports, birth certificates)
«bottled water (enough
for each relocated family
member)
= family and friends’ phone
numbers
= items of high importance
(e.g. family photos,
valuables, important
documents)
«blankets (natural fibres)
"children’s toys
eae 6)
Page 48
BUSHFIRE RISK SELF-ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST
This basic self-assessment checklist is designed to give you a greater understanding of the bushfire risk
level relevant to your property. Information provided in this assessment will assist you when completing
your Bushfire Survival Plan.
Address:
Postcode:
Property Owner/Property Name:
ACCESS/EGRESS Road/Street/Driveway PLEASE √ APPROPRIATE BOX
Clear of overhanging vegetation Yes No
Unrestricted gate access Yes No
Clear of overhead power lines Yes No
Able to reverse in Yes No
Turning/passing areas Yes No
Heavy vehicle access on cattle grid/bridge Yes No
Alternative way out Yes No
Two wheel drive access Yes No
STRUCTURE/S
Exterior walls – non-combustible Yes No
Roof ridge capping sealed Yes No
Eaves enclosed Yes No
Roofing gutters and valleys clear of leaf litter and fine fuels Yes No
Underfloor enclosed Yes No
Vents screened Yes No
Windows – non-combustible finishing Yes No
Deck/veranda non-combustible Yes No
WATER SUPPLY
Reticulated water supply Yes No
Tank supply with QFRS access – 50mm male camlock fitting Yes No
so fire figthers can use water if needed
QFRS accessible external open water supply (dam/pool) Yes No
Firefighting pump and hose connected to water supply Yes No
16
Page 49
Other considerations
There are a range of other things to be considered regardless of your decision to leave early or stay:
Firefighting equipment such as pumps, hoses and sprinkler systems should be tested regularly and
maintained in maximum operational working condition.
Firefighters may need access to your property during a bushfire so it is in your best interests to allow
enough space for fire trucks (4 metres wide by 4 metres high).
Your pets, livestock and other animals require proper care and attention during fires. Consider food,
medication, transportation and sleeping arrangements for your animals.
Myths versus Reality
Myths Reality
There will always be a fire truck available to fight a Firefighters may be required to fight many fronts of a
bushfire threatening my home. large fire. Fire trucks and firefighters are finite resources
so it is important they are deployed in an appropriate
manner to best manage the fire.
I know the back streets in town like the back of my If your decision in your Bushfire Survival Plan is to leave
hand so it is OK for me to leave at the last minute. early, then you should leave well before the fire front
reaches your property. Irrespective of your local area
knowledge you must stick to your plan and leave early.
Leaving late can be fatal.
Someone from an emergency service will knock on Emergency services personnel may not be available to
my door when it is time to leave. alert the community by door-knocking and encouraging
you to leave. You need to monitor the bushfire alerts by
listening to the radio, watching TV or checking the rural
fire website. You need to be ready to leave early if your
life or the people in your care are at risk.
My house will not burn down because there is more Most houses which burn down during bushfires
than 50 metres between my home and nearby bushland. have been attacked by flying embers. Under certain
conditions embers can cause ignitions up to 20kms
in front of the main fire. A combination of your level
of preparation and your home’s construction will
determine the survivability of your home.
I only have to clean my gutters and mow my lawns to Fire requires fuel, heat and oxygen to occur. This means
prepare my property for bushfire. that flames or embers do not necessarily rely solely
on your gutters and lawns for fuel. They might utilise
overhanging trees, woodpiles, old building materials
under the deck or chemicals in the garden shed to
sustain them. Take the time to properly prepare your
1909QFRS0710
whole property, which includes yourself, your house and
your land.
17
Used in these records
Appendix F - bushfire attack level assessment report.pdfRelated documentApplication case desk ↗
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