MCU15/0095 & REC15/0022 PM Submission Object - Various - Petition Kelly Gerber

'   ..             (a)       petrol and diesel leakage from underground tanks and pipes, contaminating
                             soil and ground water, with a high risk that it will flow off-site;
                   (b)       explosion/fire     risk given that the site will have underground                        storage of
                             180,OOOLof dangerous flammable combustible liquids;
                   (c)       increased noise emissions from engine braking and acceleration; and
                   (d)       in the event of an emergency situation,                the logistics of evacuating the
                             occupants of the GSLC, in particular a pool facility with babies and small
                             children would be a difficult exercise.

                       Harmful effect of traffic emissions from increased motorists using the service station


         40.     The World Health Organization6 has concluded, based on a review of toxicological
                 evidence, that it is likely that ultrafine particles (UFP) from traffic emissions do have
                 adverse effects on human health.               There are currently no health-based guidelines
                 recommending threshold concentrations of UFPthat should not be exceeded.


         41.     A study has been conducted              in Brisbane regarding the effect of the exposure to
                 airborne nano and UFP emitted from motor vehicles on the health of children in
                 schools7. The study is the first Australian epidemiological study to assess the health
                 effects of ultrafine particles on children's health in general and peripheral airways in
                 particular.


         42.     It has been shown that children are generally more susceptible to air pollution and
                 their attendance at school for six to seven hours a day during weekdays makes them
                 even more vulnerable.         Owing to their small size, UFPsare able to penetrate deep into
                 the lungs, where they may cause adverse respiratory, pulmonary and cardiovascular
                 health effects.


         43.     A further      2014 Brisbane studl           (attached) has found that about 70% of outdoor
                 Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) concentrations were attributed to traffic I.e. petrol
                 vehicle exhaust and fuel evaporation.             It concluded: "The outdoor traffic was found to
                 have very negligible          contribution      (2%) in indoor       VOCs concentrations                but the
                 contribution      of 70% on outdoor was from traffic related sources. so providing drop
                 off/pick     up area as far as possible from buildings and stopping the engine of the
                 vehicles while waiting can improve the situation outdoors. This is of importance.

         'The World Health Organisation: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume
         105 (2013). (See http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/voI105/mono105.pdI).

         7"Ultrafine Particles from Traffic Emissions and Children's Health (UPTECH) in Brisbane, Queensland
         (Australia): Study design and implementation",   International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
         Health (2105) Ezz, Wafaa Nabil, Mazaheri, Mandana, Robinson, Paul, Johnson, Graham R., Clifford, Samuel, He,
         Congrong, Morawska, Lidia, & Marks, Guy B. (See http://eprints.qut.edu.au/B2503/)

         8 "Volatile   Organic Compounds: Characteristics,   distribution and sources in urban schools   II   Nitika Mlshra,
         Jennifer Bartsch. Godwin A. Ayoko, Tunga 5althammer, Lidia Morawska (2014) Atmospheric Environment.
         See also "ldentification of the sources of primary organic aerosols at urban schools: A molecular marker
         approach" (2014) - Leigh R. Crilley, Raeed M. Qadir Godwin A. Ayoko, Jargen Schnelle-Kreis, Galein Abbaszade,
         Jargen Orasche, Ralf Zimmermann, Lidia Morawska (2014) Environmental Pollution (attached).
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