Appendix 5 - Air quality assessment report

3.1.2      Emission Factors
To derive air emission rates for the proposed service station, reference has been made to the
following documents:

⚫ Emissions Estimation Technique Manual for Aggregated Emissions from Service Stations
    (November 1999, National Pollution Inventory); and

⚫ LORAX Report, Gasoline Service Stations Industry Wide Risk Assessment Guidelines (Toxics
    Committee of the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association 1997).

Table 3.2 summarises the available literature estimates for VOC emissions from the various sources
at services stations.

Table 3.2 - Service Station Emission Factors

                                               NPI 1999                                                 LORAX
        Emission Sources
                                        mg / litre throughput                       Lbs / 1000 gallons throughput

    Underground Tank Filling

         Submerged Filling                       880                                                        8.4

           Splash Filling                        1380                                                         -

   Submerged Filling with vapour
                                                  40                                                       0.42
              balance

  Underground tank breathing
                                                 120                                                       0.84
              losses

        Vehicle Refuelling

Displacement Losses (uncontrolled)               1320                                                       8.4

  Displacement Losses (controlled)               132                                                       0.74

             Spillages

           Uncontrolled                           80                                                       0.61

             Controlled                            -                                                       0.41

      “Whoosh” Emissions                           -                                                 0.26 – 0.66


All volume sources (refuelling, spillages and whoosh emissions) have been modelled based on the
emission factors presented in the LORAX report. Emissions from the underground tank vents have
been modelled using the NPI data.

3.1.3      Odour Emission Factors
In order to estimate odour emissions from various activities at the service station, data has been
obtained from odour and VOC sampling of unleaded petrol vapour. The study involved taking
simultaneous VOCs and odour samples from a fuel storage container containing unleaded petrol. The



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