1-22276-01 site plan

                                        NOTES RELATING TO THIS REPORT
                                                          September, 2019


The lithology of the encountered soils is interpreted from                  Although groundwater may be present in lower
static cone data and is generally presented on the static                    permeability soils, it may enter the hole slowly or
cone log sheets.                                                             perhaps not at all during the time the hole is open.
It is important to note that the lithology is interpreted                   A localized perched water table may lead to an
information and is based on research by Schmertmann                          erroneous indication of the true water table.
(1970), Sanglerat (1972), Robinson and Campinalli (1986),                   Water table levels will vary from time to time with
modified to suit local conditions as indicated by borehole                   seasons or recent weather changes and may not be the
information and laboratory testing.                                          same at the time of construction.
As soils generally change gradually it is sometimes difficult to            The use of water or mud as a drilling fluid will mask any
accurately describe depths of strata changes, although                       groundwater inflow. Water has to be bailed out of the
greater accuracy is obtained with the static cone compared                   bore and mud must be washed out of the hole or
with conventional drilling. In addition, friction ratios decrease            "reverted" if water observations are to be made.
in accuracy with low cone resistance values, and in
                                                                      More reliable measurements can be made by use of
desiccated soils. As a result, some overlap and minor
                                                                      standpipes which are read after stabilizing at periods ranging
discrepancies may exist between static cone and nearby
                                                                      from several days to perhaps weeks for low permeability
borehole information.
                                                                      soils. Piezometers, sealed in a particular stratum, may be
Portable Dynamic Cone Penetrometers - Portable                        advisable in low permeability soils or where there may be
Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) tests are carried out by              interference from perched water tables or surface water.
driving a rod into the ground with a falling weight hammer
and measuring the blows for successive 100mm increments
                                                                      FILL
of penetration.                                                       The presence of fill materials can often be determined only
                                                                      by the inclusion of foreign objects (e.g. bricks, steel, etc.) or
The DCP comprises a Cone of 20 mm diameter with 30
                                                                      by distinctly unusual colour, texture or fabric. Identification of
degree taper attached to steel rods of smaller section.
                                                                      the extent of fill materials will also depend on investigation
The cone end is driven with a 9 kg hammer falling 510 mm              methods and frequency. Where natural soils similar to those
(AS 1289 Test 6.3.2). The test was developed initially for            at the site are used for fill, it may be difficult with limited
pavement      subgrade     investigations,    and    empirical        testing and sampling to reliably determine the extent of the
correlations of the test results with California Bearing Ratio        fill.
have been published by various Road Authorities. The
                                                                      The presence of fill materials is usually regarded with caution
Company has developed their own correlations with
                                                                      as the possible variation in density, strength and material
Standard Penetration tests and Density Index tests in sands.
                                                                      type is much greater than with natural soil deposits.
LOGS                                                                  Consequently, there is an increased risk of adverse
                                                                      engineering characteristics or behaviour. If the volume and
The borehole or test pit logs presented herein are an
                                                                      quality of fill is important to a project, then frequent test pit
engineering and/or geological interpretation of the
                                                                      excavations are preferable to boreholes.
subsurface conditions, and their reliability will depend to
some extent on the frequency of sampling and the method of            LABORATORY TESTING
drilling or excavation. Ideally, continuous undisturbed
                                                                      Laboratory testing is normally carried out in accordance with
sampling or core drilling will enable the most reliable
                                                                      Australian Standard 1289 "Methods of Testing Soil for
assessment but is not always practicable or possible to
                                                                      Engineering Purposes". Details of the test procedure used
justify on economic grounds. In any case, the boreholes or
                                                                      are given on the individual report forms and the attached
test pits represent only a very small sample of the total
                                                                      explanatory notes summarize important aspects of the
subsurface conditions.
                                                                      Laboratory Test Procedures adopted.
The attached explanatory notes define the terms and
                                                                      ENGINEERING REPORTS
symbols used in preparation of the logs.
                                                                      Engineering reports are prepared by qualified personnel and
Interpretation of the information shown on the logs, and its
                                                                      are based on the information obtained and on current
application to design and construction, should therefore take
                                                                      engineering standards of interpretation and analysis. The
into account the spacing of boreholes or test pits, the method
                                                                      information provided in Soil Surveys Engineering reports is
of drilling or excavation, the frequency of sampling and
                                                                      opinion and interpretation and not factual. The
testing and the possibility of other than "straight line"
                                                                      client/contractor increases their risk by not retaining the
variations between the boreholes or test pits. Subsurface
                                                                      person who authored the geotechnical report, to carry out
conditions between boreholes or test pits may vary
                                                                      site inspection and review (overseeing role) during
significantly from conditions encountered at the borehole or
                                                                      construction, to confirm opinion and interpretation expressed
test pit locations.
                                                                      in the report is accurate. Where the report has been
GROUNDWATER                                                           prepared for a specific design proposal the information and
                                                                      interpretation may not be relevant if the design proposal is
Where groundwater levels are measured in boreholes, there
                                                                      changed. If this happens, the Company will be pleased to
are several potential problems.