2019-03-12 P&E Agenda - Item 5 - Attachment 2 - Koala Infrastructure & Feasibility Report

Table of Contents
1.    Introduction                                                          1
  1.1.     Project Overview                                                 1
  1.2.     Project Area                                                     2
  1.3.     Project Objectives                                               2
2.    Methods                                                               3
  2.1.  Literature Review                                                   3
  2.2.  Geospatial Analysis                                                 3
      2.2.1. Connectivity and Indicative Linkages                           3
      2.2.2. Density of Koala Records                                       4
      2.2.3. Overall Combined Risk                                          4
      2.2.4. Hotspot Areas for Audit, Gap Analysis and Collaboration        4
  2.3. Field Assessment                                                     5
      2.3.1. Field Survey Constraints                                       6
      2.3.2. Coordinate System and Map Datum                                6
3.    Literature Review                                                     7
  3.1.  Hard Infrastructure – Modifying Animal Behaviour                    8
      3.1.1. Wildlife Exclusion Fencing                                     8
      3.1.2. Underpasses                                                   11
      3.1.3. Overpasses                                                    12
      3.1.4. Canopy Bridges                                                13
      3.1.5. Wildlife Warning Reflectors                                   14
  3.2. Soft Infrastructure – Modifying Motorist Behaviour                  14
      3.2.1. Wildlife and Speed Signs                                      14
  3.3. Other considerations                                                15
      3.3.1. Road design                                                   16
      3.3.2. Optimisation                                                  17
      3.3.3. Monitoring and Maintenance                                    17
      3.3.4. Managing Koalas                                               18
      3.3.5. Predator-prey interactions                                    18
      3.3.6. Further investigation – proving effectiveness                 18
4.    Results                                                              20
  4.1.  Audits of Existing Koala Infrastructure                            20
      4.1.1. Koala Exclusion Fencing and Associated Structures             20
      4.1.2. Koala Climbing Structures                                     21
      4.1.3. Koala and Wildlife Signage                                    22
      4.1.4. Lighting                                                      22
      4.1.5. Speed limits                                                  23
  4.2. Proposed New Infrastructure                                         26
      4.2.1. Koala Exclusion Fencing and Retrofitting Underpasses          26
      4.2.2. Koala Climbing Structures                                     26
      4.2.3. Koala and Wildlife Signage                                    27
      4.2.4. Speed Limits                                                  27
  4.3. Detailed Recommendations                                            27
      4.3.1. Hotspots for Hard and Soft Infrastructure                     30
      4.3.2. Hotspots for Soft Infrastructure                              39
      4.3.3. Cost Estimates                                                43
5.    Works Cited                                                          45
6.    List of Abbreviations                                                51
Koala Infrastructure Audit & Feasibility Report                        Page vi

Noosa Council
17SUN-0087/1700860