Noosa Plan Submission 17 December 2015 - Final submission table

        (a)      petrol and diesel leakage from underground tanks and pipes, contaminating
                 soil and ground water, with a high risk that it will flow off-site;
        (b)      explosion/fire risk given that the site will have underground storage of
                 180,000L of dangerous flammable combustible liquids;
        (c)      increased noise emissions from engine braking and acceleration; and
        (d)      in the event of an emergency situation, the logistics of evacuating the
                 occupants of the GSLC, in particular a pool facility with babies and small
                 children would be a difficult exercise.

          Harmful effect of traffic emissions from increased motorists using the service station

40.   The World Health Organization6 has concluded, based on a review of toxicological
      evidence, that it is likely that ultrafine particles (UFP) from traffic emissions do have
      adverse effects on human health. There are currently no health-based guidelines
      recommending threshold concentrations of UFP that should not be exceeded.


41.   A study has been conducted in Brisbane regarding the effect of the exposure to
      airborne nano and UFP emitted from motor vehicles on the health of children in
      schools7. The study is the first Australian epidemiological study to assess the health
      effects of ultrafine particles on children’s health in general and peripheral airways in
      particular.


42.   It has been shown that children are generally more susceptible to air pollution and
      their attendance at school for six to seven hours a day during weekdays makes them
      even more vulnerable. Owing to their small size, UFPs are able to penetrate deep into
      the lungs, where they may cause adverse respiratory, pulmonary and cardiovascular
      health effects.


43.   A further 2014 Brisbane study8 (attached) has found that about 70% of outdoor
      Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) concentrations were attributed to traffic i.e. petrol
      vehicle exhaust and fuel evaporation. It concluded: "The outdoor traffic was found to
      have very negligible contribution (2%) in indoor VOCs concentrations but the
      contribution of 70% on outdoor was from traffic related sources, so providing drop
      off/pick up area as far as possible from buildings and stopping the engine of the
      vehicles while waiting can improve the situation outdoors. This is of importance,

6
 The World Health Organisation: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume
105 (2013). (See http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol105/mono105.pdf).
7
 “Ultrafine Particles from Traffic Emissions and Children’s Health (UPTECH) in Brisbane, Queensland
(Australia): Study design and implementation”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health (2105) Ezz, Wafaa Nabil, Mazaheri, Mandana, Robinson, Paul, Johnson, Graham R., Clifford, Samuel, He,
Congrong, Morawska, Lidia, & Marks, Guy B. (See http://eprints.qut.edu.au/82503/)
8
 "Volatile Organic Compounds: Characteristics, distribution and sources in urban schools" Nitika Mishra,
Jennifer Bartsch, Godwin A. Ayoko , Tunga Salthammer , Lidia Morawska (2014) Atmospheric Environment.
See also "Identification of the sources of primary organic aerosols at urban schools: A molecular marker
approach" (2014) - Leigh R. Crilley, Raeed M. Qadir Godwin A. Ayoko, Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis, Gülcin Abbaszade,
Jürgen Orasche, Ralf Zimmermann, Lidia Morawska (2014) Environmental Pollution (attached).
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